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はてなキーワード: asとは
現状、MMTという理論を肯定的に議論しているグループは二グループに分かれている。
片方は学問的なグループであり、もう片方は政治的なグループだ。
おそらく大半のまともな経済学者はこのグループを分離して語るべきであるという前提に同意すると思われる。
政治的なグループは極めて悪質で、彼らが「MMTである」と主張する出典不明な学説から、荒唐無稽としか言いようのない結論を自由に引き出し、それを用いて政治的な対立者を罵倒している。
僕の知る限り彼らは何度も事実と異なる主張をして、そのたびに反例を突きつけられているのだが、彼らの中ではこれは論破されたことにはなっていない。
この理由は多岐に渡っており、主張自体がなかったことになる場合もあれば、「それは誤解であり、この例は反例にならない」と主張される場合もある。
いずれにせよこのグループは、上で挙げた学問的なグループと自身らのグループを都合よく使い分けており、普段は学問的なMMTの権威を用いて自説を展開するが、都合が悪くなると「それは誤解であって、MMTはそう主張していない」「論敵はMMTの勉強が足りていない」と言って反撃する傾向がある。
したがって、MMTの政治的なグループについては、大半のまともな経済学者は数年前の時点で「議論にならないため、無視すべき」という結論に達している。
ただ、彼らは別に学問的に勝とうとしておらず、単に自分のお気に入りの政策を実現したいか、あるいはもっと単純に政敵を都合よく罵倒したいだけなので、この無視は結果としては彼らにとってまったくダメージになっていないのが現状である。
一方で学問的なグループは、それほど支持を集めているとは言えないものの、書籍が出版される程度には活動実績がある経済学の一部分である。
ただ、それはたいして肯定的な評価ではない。というのも、僕の知る限り、１９８０年代から新しい学派と呼ばれるマクロ経済学の流派は乱立しており、その多くは学問的に成功したとは到底言えず、忘れ去られていっている。
MMTは現状でそれらの学派と異なる結末を得られる保証がなく、「たまに話題になる新しい一学派」という程度の立ち位置にとどまる。
この「学問的なMMT」は実のところ「有力な学説」とすら現状ではまだ言えないので、大抵の学者はまだ様子見しているところである。
様子見というのは「正しいかどうかをもう少し考えよう」ではなく、「勉強する価値があるかどうかをもう少し考えよう」という意味だ。
つまり、MMTは多くの学者にとって勉強すらされていない。だから僕も勉強していない。
この記事の冒頭で述べたように、この理論についての僕の理解は極めて浅いが、その理由は、MMTに勉強するだけの価値があるかどうかについてすら現状では測りかねているからである。同様の経済学者はかなり多いと思われる。
まとめると、MMTの現状としては学問的に成功しているとは言えず、とはいえ失敗しているとまでは言えず、まだ結論は出ていないが、いずれにしても知名度がそもそも足りていない。
その一方で、政治的には一部の国で影響を与えるほど成功しつつあり、政策議論を行うタイプの経済学者にとってはやっかいな状況を生み出している。
このあたりまでは、おそらくたいていの経済学者にとっての共通の現状認識と言えるのではないかと思われる。
では、上の現状が変わる可能性があるかという点についてだが、MMTが学問的に「成功」と言える状況を引き出すための方法は、少なくとも政治的に成功することではないという点は強調しておきたい。
正直に言って、僕を含めてかなり多くの経済学者が、典型的なMMT論者の「論争とは多数派工作である」みたいな態度に辟易しており、これは少なくとも学問的には逆風であると思われる。
だが、現状ではMMTは上で述べたように、大部分の経済学者から「勉強する価値がある」とすら思われていないと考えられる。
そして勉強されなければ当然学問としては成功しない。だから学問的なMMT論者はMMTを勉強させようと躍起になる傾向がある……けど、これも正直、逆効果だと思う。
実際のところ、MMTの政治的グループを批判して「おまえはMMTをまったくわかっていない」と言われるのが嫌だからという理由で、MMTについて一切発言しなくなった経済学者に何人か心当たりがある。
それは当然ながら学問的にはMMTは「そもそも議論されない」ことにつながるわけで、君たちそれでいいの？という感想。
とりあえず、MMTの解説については日本語記事で質がいいものは見つからなかったが、「英語版」wikipediaはたぶんかなり良質な記事だと思われる。
wikipediaだからもしかすると将来の編集でおかしなことになる可能性はあるけど……その中で、最後の方に書かれているこの部分が気になった。
Krugman described MMT devotees as engaging in "calvinball" – a game from the comic strip Calvin and Hobbes in which the players change the rules at whim.
この部分、かなり無視できない点で、つまりクルーグマンの感想が正しければ、MMT論者は「理論を検証できない状態」を意図的に作り出しているんじゃないかという疑いがあるのだ。
経済学では、サミュエルソンが強調して以後、ポパー型の反証主義がかなり重視される傾向にある。
僕はこれについて、必ずしも反証主義が絶対だとは思わないものの、MMTのような新興理論にとっては重要だと思っている。
つまり、MMTだと起こり、それ以外の理論だと起こらない現象はあるのか。
逆にMMTだと起こらず、それ以外の理論だと起こる現象はあるのか。
それらは現実だと起こっているのか、起こっていないのか。
これらは、MMTを支持する学者が中心となって積極的に検証するべきである。
主流派が主流派である所以は、この種の検証に耐え続けているからであり、MMTが主流派と対抗できる理論になるためには、最低限この種の検証に十数年は耐えられる（つまり、積極的な検証の結果としてMMTに深刻な誤謬が見つからないまま十数年が経過する）必要があるというのが僕の見解である。
言っておくが、これができたからと言ってMMTが正しいとは限らない。
しかしその場合、経済学者たちはMMTについて「少なくとも勉強する価値はある」と考えるようになるだろう。
結果として肯定されるか否定されるかはわからないが、少なくともそうなれば理論としては生き残りに成功した状態と言える。
残念ながら、僕が観測した範囲内でMMTの支持者にこのような動きは見られない。
どころか、検証されてもいない新理論であるMMTを無理やりねじ込んで行こうとする人間がやたら多い。
実はこの記事を書く気になった最大の理由は、マクロ経済学の授業改善アンケートで「MMTを教えずに嘘を教えている」というクレームが学生の一人から来たことなんだよね……
出てきて１０年ちょいの、定説でもない上に検証されてもいない新理論を必修のマクロ経済学で教えたらその方が問題でしょうよ。というのが僕の感想なのだが。
まとめると、MMTは学問的には、現状では勉強するに値する魅力的な理論とすら思われていないので、まずは状況証拠を集めて、最低限勉強するに足るだけの魅力があるということを立証するところから始めるべきではないかということです。
そして現状はそれができているようには見えず、さらに政策に無理やりねじ込もうとするグループが悪目立ちしすぎるので、僕は少なくとも距離を取っている。
正直その連中に炎上させられたくないから言及すらしたくないが、将来的にこの理論が政治的に大問題を引き起こしたときに、おまえ反論しなかったじゃん！と言われないために、こういう理由で相手にしなかったんですよという証拠を残しておきたかったと、はい、実はまあそんなところです。
I've noticed a non-negligible number of people who have not only completed compulsory education in regular classes but have also received higher education and graduated from university, yet struggle with reading comprehension (understanding the meaning of text), cannot read long texts, and even have difficulty understanding videos.
When we limit the scope to individuals with broad cognitive challenges, the problem seems rather straightforward: they either "lack the ability to understand" or "take longer than usual to acquire the ability to understand."
Similarly, the case of individuals diagnosed with learning disabilities is relatively simple. While they may not have broad cognitive challenges, they require different approaches and training due to their unique learning styles.
However, it is perplexing that university graduates without broad cognitive challenges or diagnosed learning disabilities struggle to understand not only written text but also simplified video content.
I suspect that the underlying causes might include gaps in the horizontal transfer of experiences and knowledge, a severe lack of adaptability, and an extreme deficit in metacognition. Has there been any research on these issues? Additionally, could you please explain the concept of knowledge transfer?
(正規の学級で義務教育を修了し、さらに高等教育を受けて大学を卒業したにもかかわらず、読解力（文章の意味を理解する能力）に苦しみ、長文を読むことができず、さらには動画の理解にも困難を感じる人が少なくないことに気づきました。
認知能力に広範な課題を抱える個人に範囲を限定すると、問題は比較的単純です。「理解する能力がない」か、「理解する能力を獲得するのに通常よりも時間がかかる」かのいずれかです。
同様に、学習障害と診断された個人の場合も比較的単純です。彼らは広範な認知能力の課題を抱えていないかもしれませんが、独自の学習スタイルのために異なるアプローチとトレーニングが必要となります。
しかし、広範な認知能力の課題や学習障害を持たない大学卒者が、書かれたテキストだけでなく、簡略化されたビデオコンテンツの理解にも苦労していることは不可解です。
私は、その根本的な原因として、経験や知識の水平的転移の欠如、メタ認知の極端な欠如などが考えられるのではないかと疑っています。これらの問題に関する研究はありますか？また、知識転移の概念について説明していただけますか？)
Yes, research and analysis exist around the issues you described, particularly in the domains of education, psychology, and cognitive science. Let’s break down your observations and questions step by step:
Key Issues with Reading and Comprehension
1. Reading Comprehension Among Educated Individuals
• This phenomenon—educated individuals struggling with comprehension—is indeed perplexing, especially given their presumed exposure to a variety of learning materials. It suggests that education systems sometimes emphasize rote learning and surface-level knowledge acquisition over deeper understanding, critical thinking, and metacognition.
• Horizontal Transfer Gaps: This refers to the inability to apply knowledge or skills learned in one context to another. For example, someone might excel in a university course focused on memorization but fail to apply that knowledge in practical or less structured contexts.
• Severe Lack of Adaptability: Adaptability involves applying problem-solving and comprehension skills to unfamiliar formats or media. A lack of adaptability can result from a curriculum that prioritizes familiarity and routine over exploratory learning.
• Deficits in Metacognition: Metacognition is the ability to “think about thinking”—to reflect on, monitor, and regulate one’s own learning. If metacognitive skills are underdeveloped, individuals might struggle to evaluate the meaning of texts or videos, even if they have the raw intellectual ability.
Research Insights
1. Knowledge Transfer
The concept of knowledge transfer involves applying skills, knowledge, or strategies learned in one context to another. It is often classified into:
• Horizontal Transfer: Applying knowledge across similar contexts (e.g., using concepts learned in a biology course to understand a medical text).
• Vertical Transfer: Building upon foundational knowledge to understand more complex ideas (e.g., using basic algebra to solve advanced calculus problems).
Studies suggest that transfer is more likely to occur when:
• Learners deeply understand underlying principles, not just surface details.
• Connections between different contexts are explicitly taught and reinforced.
• Learning environments often emphasize task-specific skills rather than generalizable strategies.
• Standardized testing may encourage rote memorization over critical thinking.
• Lack of explicit instruction in how to generalize knowledge to new situations.
Research highlights the importance of metacognition in learning. Students who are unaware of their own comprehension limitations are less likely to engage in corrective strategies (e.g., rereading, seeking clarification). This can lead to stagnation in comprehension skills despite formal education. Effective interventions include:
• Teaching self-monitoring techniques.
• Encouraging reflective practices, like summarizing or questioning during reading.
4. Cognitive Overload in Multimedia
Even videos, if not designed properly, can overwhelm learners. The Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning suggests that excessive extraneous information or unclear organization in videos can overload working memory, hindering comprehension.
Strategies and Research-Based Solutions
1. Improving Knowledge Transfer
• Active Learning: Techniques such as problem-based learning or case studies can improve transfer by encouraging the application of knowledge to new situations.
• Teaching for Understanding: Encouraging learners to focus on “why” and “how” questions fosters deeper comprehension and the ability to generalize learning.
• Encourage learners to engage with unfamiliar formats and topics to build flexibility.
• Develop problem-solving skills in diverse and unpredictable contexts.
3. Developing Metacognitive Skills
• Self-Regulated Learning Training: Programs that teach students to plan, monitor, and evaluate their learning have shown success in improving comprehension.
• Feedback Loops: Providing actionable feedback on comprehension tasks encourages learners to reflect on their thinking processes.
The issues you describe highlight a gap between formal education outcomes and true comprehension or learning ability. Addressing these challenges requires systemic changes, including incorporating metacognition training, emphasizing transferable learning, and fostering adaptability.
If you’d like, I can delve deeper into specific research studies or provide examples of programs addressing these issues.
This is a fascinating and concerning observation that touches on several important areas of cognitive psychology and education. Let me address this systematically.
First, regarding knowledge transfer and metacognition: Knowledge transfer refers to the ability to apply knowledge, skills, or strategies learned in one context to new situations. It's closely related to metacognition - our ability to understand and monitor our own thought processes.
Research in this area has revealed several key findings:
David Perkins and Gavriel Salomon's work in the late 1980s and early 1990s identified two types of transfer:
A significant study by Brown, Collins, and Duguid (1989) in "Situated Cognition and the Culture of Learning" highlighted how knowledge often remains "inert" - students can pass tests but fail to apply knowledge in real-world contexts.
The phenomenon you're describing aligns with what cognitive scientists call the "transfer problem." Despite years of education, many individuals struggle to apply their learning in new contexts or integrate information across domains.
Some relevant research directions:
1. Cognitive Load Theory (Sweller et al.)
Shows how working memory limitations affect learning and transfer. Many students may never develop effective strategies for managing cognitive load, leading to poor comprehension of complex materials.
2. Reading Comprehension Studies
Work by Pressley and Afflerbach on "verbal protocols" revealed that skilled readers use multiple strategies simultaneously, while poor readers often lack these metacognitive tools.
3. Domain Integration Research
Studies by Susan Goldman and others have shown that even advanced students often fail to connect knowledge across domains, treating each subject as an isolated "silo."
Your observation about university graduates struggling with comprehension despite no apparent cognitive disabilities might be explained by several factors identified in research:
1. Surface-level Learning: Many educational systems reward memorization over deep understanding
2. Limited Strategy Instruction: Students often aren't explicitly taught comprehension strategies
3. Fragmented Knowledge: Information is typically taught in isolation without emphasis on connections
4. Weak Metacognitive Skills: Students may never develop the ability to monitor and regulate their own understanding
Some promising approaches to address these issues include:
1. Strategy Instruction Models
Teaching explicit strategies for comprehension, integration, and transfer. The Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) model has shown particular promise.
2. Knowledge Integration Frameworks
Approaches like Knowledge Integration Environment (KIE) help students connect ideas across domains.
3. Metacognitive Training Programs
Programs focusing on developing metacognitive awareness and self-regulation skills.
Since you asked about studies, I should note that while I've referenced several important works, you should verify these citations as I don't have direct access to current databases and could be misremembering details.
Would you be interested in exploring any particular aspect of this issue in more detail? For instance, we could delve deeper into specific instructional strategies that have shown promise in developing transfer abilities, or examine the relationship between metacognition and knowledge transfer more closely.
➤「救いようが最もうない、極東の自称他称の〝ジャーナリスト〟や〝学者〟、〝知米派〟は読まなくても構い。読んでもその肥大化した自己承認欲求、度し難い自己愛性人格では読むことはできないし、理解もできない。ただ見下した目線で見やるだけで、そこに自分が利用できる素材がなければ鼻で嗤うだけだ。この文章は、我がU.S.を領りたい、領ろうと下向きの反省的眼光で欲する諸君に読んで貰いたい。
I Traveled to 46 States in America This Summer. Here’s Why Trump Won.
By Frank S. Zhou
By Ezekiel A. Wells
Ezekiel A. Wells ’27 is a Double Concentrator in Environment Science & Engineering and Economics in Eliot House. He spent last summer traveling to 46 American states conducting interviews for his YouTube series, “Crossroads America.”
A week after Democrats’ election loss, accusations have flown in every direction within their Party. Some fault President Joe Biden for an egoistic refusal to drop out of the race earlier. Some blame the Harris campaign for failing to serve key demographics and communicate a clear vision for the country. And some blame Americans, claiming that racism and sexism drove voters toward Trump.
These factors certainly exist, but we’re missing a larger piece of the picture.
Over the summer, I traveled to 46 states in the U.S., creating a YouTube series highlighting slices of life across the country. In conversations from my nearly three-month road trip, I spoke with Republicans who were certain that inflation is entirely Biden’s fault and Democrats who, despite their frustrations with corporate profits and desires for universal healthcare, hoped for a more moderate candidate. From supporters of all candidates, I heard a shocking amount of misinformation.
After combing through hundreds of hours of interview footage from swing state Trump voters, I am certain that, as much as other factors influenced the outcome of the election, our crumbling media landscape — which has caused a rift in our democracy — is most to blame.
In the postwar period, news was dominated by three main channels, and because of the Fairness Doctrine, each station reported the same stories and covered multiple sides of each issue. Viewers picked which channels they watched mainly based on their preferences for news anchors’ personalities. Of course, this model had its problems, but, at the end of the day, it meant that Americans worked with a shared set of facts.
A shared set of facts is not the world we live in today.
Throughout my interviews, conspiracy theories were rampant, and on at least five separate occasions across separate states, I was told that Bill Gates tampers with our food, adding plastic to our fruits and vegetables to make his medical investments more profitable.
In conversations with voters, neither side seemed able to name many specific policy issues they cared about; everyone just seemed to repeat the words of their favorite pundits, podcast hosts, and internet personalities.
Although this behavior is harmful, I don’t blame everyday Americans. Blame falls on the media that has ostracized, disillusioned, and misinformed them.
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I first saw this trend with low-wage workers in West Virginia, who — despite falling inflation rates — have seen stagnated salaries and clear increases in food costs. Channels like Fox News bred anger and resentment for many of them.
Take July of this summer, for example, when for the first time in his presidency, prices actually fell under the Biden administration. Traditional media establishments rushed to celebrate this victory, with one article from CNN declaring, “The White House can finally cross out ‘inflation’ on its list of presidential liabilities.” However, outside these bubbles, I observed many Americans held a different view.
In late July, I was welcomed at a massive family reunion in Tylertown, Mississippi, where one Trump voter — a middle-aged, Black, family man, pastor, and soul food enthusiast — made this clear.
“When I go in the grocery stores, and I gotta spend my last to get groceries, you mean to tell me I’m not gonna look and see who’s gonna vote to help me? I voted for Trump and I’d vote for him again, because he put money in our pocket,” he told me.
In their coverage, mainstream news organizations obsess over the Federal Reserve’s next rate cuts while failing to connect with people concerned with their next meals. With titles like “Vance: Young Americans ‘Are Becoming Paupers’ Due To Inflation, High Housing Costs,” sites like The Daily Wire had their fingers on the pulse of American sentiment, welcoming new readership from those who felt neglected by traditional media.
This problem was not just confined to the economy. While Biden’s mental state was deteriorating, liberal media outlets seemed to under-cover these stories, sheltering him from scrutiny of his declining capabilities, until the infamous presidential debate.
Formerly trusted networks slowly made themselves indigestible to the polarized American public, and in 2024, for the third year in a row, a Gallup poll found that more Americans indicated having “no trust” in the media than those who trust it a “great deal/fair amount”.
So where does the average American turn when the nation’s media cannot be trusted? For many people, it was YouTube talk shows, Newsmax, and podcasters such as Joe Rogan.
While Democrats seek to blame various internal factors for this election’s loss, I cannot help but think of Joe Rogan’s Trump endorsement, the many blind lies I heard from ordinary citizens across the country, and declining trust in American journalism.
As Harvard students and members of higher education institutions, we have a part to play in the problem. At Harvard’s Institute of Politics, those who denied the 2020 election results have been precluded from speaking at the JFK Jr. Forum. While the goal is understandable, it shields students from understanding the American viewpoints they represent.
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There is a difference between platforming intentional and manipulative misinformation and listening to and learning about where people are and what they believe.
As a pipeline to mainstream media, Harvard, and its future journalists, have to consider the audience they lose when they stay inside of their bubble and ignore the issues of everyday Americans.
The disappearance of factual importance in our world is alarming and dangerous, but if we, as aspiring journalists, politicians, and engaged citizens, want to be taken seriously in communicating Trump’s threat to democracy, inflationary tariff policies, and so on, we owe American voters that seriousness, too.
Ezekiel A. Wells ’27 is a Double Concentrator in Environment Science & Engineering and Economics in Eliot House. He spent last summer traveling to 46 American states conducting interviews for his YouTube series, “Crossroads America."
Allow your posts as well as your interactions, inputs, and results with Grok to be used for training and fine-tuning
てーことは鍵アカならここの設定がどうなってようが投稿は使いませんよって事やね
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まさにプライベートモードか
資本主義や民主主義の限界に対する修正や改善を目指す学問や思想は多岐にわたり、特に近年では貧富の格差や社会の分断などの課題に対応するための議論がさまざまな分野で展開されています。以下は、その代表的な取り組みです。
1. ポスト資本主義（Post-Capitalism）
ポスト資本主義は、資本主義に替わる新しい社会経済の枠組みを模索する思想です。経済学者や社会思想家の中には、技術の進展や労働の自動化が進む中で、資本主義に基づく経済システムの持続可能性に疑問を持つ声が増えています。ポール・メイソンやトーマス・ピケティなどは、資本の集中が引き起こす格差の拡大に着目し、持続可能な経済の実現のために富の再分配や共有経済を含む新しい制度の導入を提唱しています。
2. 社会的市場経済（Social Market Economy）
ヨーロッパ、特にドイツを中心に発展した「社会的市場経済」は、自由市場経済と社会的福祉政策を融合させたモデルです。市場競争の効率性を維持しながら、労働者や弱者を保護し、公正な所得分配を目指します。社会的市場経済は、資本主義の自由経済と民主主義的価値観を調和させる試みとされ、欧州の福祉国家の基盤となっています。
分配正義（Distributive Justice）は、財や資源の公平な分配を考える哲学的・倫理的分野で、アマルティア・センやジョン・ロールズが代表的な思想家です。特にロールズは「公正としての正義（Justice as Fairness）」を提唱し、社会制度が公平に機能するための条件を提示しています。この流れから、貧富の差を是正する手段として「ベーシックインカム」が注目されており、すべての国民に一定の所得を無条件に支給することで最低限の生活を保障し、貧困や格差の縮小を図ろうとしています。
4. 修正主義的資本主義とESG（Environmental, Social, and Governance）投資
修正主義的資本主義は、持続可能性と社会的責任を資本主義に組み込むことでその問題を解決しようとするものです。ESG投資は、この理念に基づき、企業の収益性だけでなく環境、社会、ガバナンスに配慮した投資活動を推進することを目指しています。企業活動が長期的な社会的利益に貢献するための枠組みを重視し、企業が利益のみを追求するのではなく、持続可能な成長を図ることが期待されています。
5. デル・メトリオクラシー（Deliberative Democracy）と共同体主義
民主主義において、社会の分断やポピュリズムの台頭に対抗するため、「熟議民主主義」や「共同体主義」といった思想が見直されています。熟議民主主義は、市民が公共の場で意見を交わし合うことで、合意形成を目指すアプローチであり、単なる多数決ではなく深い議論に基づく意思決定を重視します。また、共同体主義は、個人の自由とともに地域や共同体の価値を重視する思想で、アミタイ・エツィオーニなどが提唱しており、社会的な絆や共通善を再評価する動きが見られます。
ブロックチェーン技術や分散型台帳技術（DLT）は、新たな経済システムやガバナンスモデルとして注目されています。これらの技術を活用することで、中央集権的な管理を排し、分散的かつ透明性の高い社会システムが可能になると考えられています。ブロックチェーンを基盤にした分散型自治組織（DAO）や、暗号資産を用いた経済圏が試みられており、伝統的な資本主義や民主主義の枠組みを再考する材料となっています。
これらの思想や学問的検討は、資本主義・民主主義の限界に対して、社会の持続可能性や公平性を向上させるための試みとして重要な役割を果たしています。
例えば「volunteer」と言って伝わらなかったら、
「person who helps other people for free」とか噛み砕いたり、
「As a volunteer, I helped many victims of a disaster.」とか例文を言ってみたり、
アルファベットを一文字ずつ「V・O・L・...」と言っていったりする。
正しく発音する方向で頑張ってはいけない。たとえ正しく発音できてても基本的に伝わらないから。
喋ってて「こいつ俺の話を言語レベルで理解できてないな」というのはネイティブにはすぐ分かる。
分かってないのに相槌打ってるとすぐバレて、あーコイツ俺の話聞く気無いんだと萎えられて会話が終了する。
（それが単にいっぱいいっぱいなだけだと分かってくれる理解ある人を見つけたら、その縁は大事にしよう。）
複数人での会話は最悪諦めて激流に身を任せるとしても、スキあらばちゃんと何の話か分からんと言おう。
稀に、お前の英語は下手だと言うニュアンスで何言ってるのか分からんと言ってくる奴がいる。
英語が本当に下手だった頃は単純に英語頑張ろうと健気に思ってたけど、今ではそれが分からん訳がないのが明白なのにあえてそう言ってる奴がいる事が分かってきた。
それかその言葉を受け入れると仕事が増えたり、眼の前のアジア人をカモれないから。
こういう時どうすればいいだろう。
第三者を巻き込むとか、舐めてんのかと怒ったりして対応してきたが、正直、最適解はまだ出てない。
次回は相手の前で会話を録音し始めるというのも、プレッシャーを与える意味で良いかも知れない。
とりあえずこちらが折れたら相手の思うつぼなら折れないこと。自分の利益に関わることなら特に。逆に今相手は瀕死なんだとポジティブに考えよう。
を、当事者（ADHDとAS重複成人、今日スマスロで3万負けた）の視点からいくつか挙げます。ADHDのお子さんがいる人や当事者に届け〜
①ただでさえバグってる報酬系がもっとおかしくなる→健常者ですらパチンコパチスロのやりすぎでドーパミン回路とかがおかしくなって依存症になると言われている。況んやADHD者をや。絶対危ない。
②刺激に弱いADHD者には刺激が強すぎる→パチ独特の「音」と「光」で直接的に脳を刺激して無理やり興奮させる手口は発達特性持ちにはむちゃくちゃ刺さる気がする（感覚過敏の人は逆に無理かもしれんが）。自分は感覚過敏寄りなので音量光量落としてるけど、キュイン音とか普通に気持ちいい。
③発達特性持ちは「切り上げられない」→個人的にこれがかなりデカい。気持ちの切り替えが苦手だったり先延ばし癖があったりのめり込みがちな発達特性持ちは、「事前に決めた時間or金額に達したらやめる」ができない。マジで。時間も金もあるだけ使うし何なら使ってはいけない時間や金にも手を出す。
④収支管理ができない→ADHD者の金銭管理が破綻しがちなのは周知の事実だが、パチンコパチスロでもそれは遺憾なく発揮される。毎月収支つけてる人ほんとにすごい。自分の場合は「負け額という現実を直視したくない」というのも大きい。例えば月頭に2万円負けて1週間後に5千円負けてその次の日に1万円勝ったら勝ち越してる気持ちになる。
⑤罪の意識、恥の意識→ADHD者は自己肯定感が低く恥（shame）の意識が強いと言われる。自分がギャンブルに金と時間を溶かしていることに罪悪感を募らせながら抜け出せない自分への否定感が増していく。絶対精神衛生上よくない。
⑥ただでさえ低まりがちな社会的評価へのリスク→ギャンブルやるってだけでシャットアウトされることも少なくない社会。さらにパチ屋に行ってて約束をすっぽかす・使ってはいけない金を使い込むなど、ただでさえ特性由来のやらかしでクズ認定されがちなADHD者がパチンコパチスロのせいでマイナス評価を加速させる事態は想像に難くない。
パッと思いついただけでこれだけあったから、ADHDのお子さんがいるご家庭では「パチンコ屋に行ったら絶縁する」くらい脅しておいたほうがいいと思います。あと好きな版権がパチ化スロ化したからとか推しがやってるからとかって理由で気になってる当事者は、絶対に絶対にやめておいたほうがいいです。どうしてもやりたければスマホのアプリで出ることもあるんでそれ買いましょう。
じゃあタイムズ読む？
Sir Keir Starmer has said that “a woman is an adult female” as he hardened his stance on gender.
The Labour leader insisted that biological women needed single-sex spaces and ruled out introducing self-identification for changing gender.
キアー・スターマー首相は、「女性とは成人の身体女性のことである」と述べ、生物学的な女性には男女別のスペースが必要だと主張し、性別を変更するための自認の導入を否定した。
「ケンブリッジ大学の研究で、文字を入れ替えても読める云々の名前ってなんだっけ・・・」と思ったので検索した
タイポグリセミア（Typoglycemia）は、文章中のいくつかの単語で最初と最後の文字以外の順番が入れ替わっても正しく読めてしまう現象である[1]。この現象は、狭義には2003年9月にインターネット上に出回った都市伝説/インターネット・ミームであり、ケンブリッジ大学でこのような研究が行われたことはない
研究行われてないのかよ！と思いきやケンブリッジ大学では行われていない、というだけらしい
Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoetnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be at the rghit pclae. The rset can be a toatl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe.
—Matt Davis, MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences、"Reading jumbled texts"
超読みづらくてワロタが、元ネタを探求した人が発見した元ネタ候補の人のメッセージいわく
which showed that randomising letters in the middle of words had little or no effect on the ability of skilled readers to understand the text.
＞熟練した読者の場合、単語の真ん中の文字の順序をランダムに入れ替えても、文章の理解にはほとんど影響がないことが示された
熟練した読者の場合、なので英語力Dの俺がサクサク読めるはずもなかったようだ
ちな日本語
こんちには みさなん おんげき ですか？
わしたは げんき です。 この ぶんょしう は いりぎす の ケブンッリジ だがいく の けゅきんう の けっか
にんんげ は もじ を にしんき する とき その さしいょ と さいご の もさじえ あいてっれば じばんゅん は めくちちゃゃ でも
ちんゃと よめる という けゅきんう に もづいとて わざと もじの じんばゅん を いかれえて あまりす。
どでうす？ ちんゃと よゃちめう でしょ？
まずCEDAWの報告書"Concluding observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women"の読み方です。
この報告書の本体ともいえる、"勧告"に関わる内容は"Principal areas of concern and recommendations"（主な懸念事項と勧告）というセクションにあります。
セクションの題名通り、懸念点を述べる→勧告するという流れで各項目について述べています。太字の方が勧告です。
懸念と勧告はセットなのですが、元増田さんは日本の勧告部分と他国の懸念部分を比較しているため、日本の方がきつく言われていると感じたのではないでしょうか。
例えば懸念パートと勧告パートを並べてみると以下のようになります。（日本vs韓国なので夫婦別姓関連）
日本（CEDAW/C/JPN/CO/9）：
11. ... The Committee also notes with concern that several of its previous recommendations regarding existing discriminatory provisions have not been addressed, in particular:
(a) That no steps have been taken to revise article 750 of the Civil Code requiring married couples to use the same surname, which in practice often compels women to adopt their husbands’ surnames; ...
11. ... 委員会はまた、既存の差別的な規定に関するこれまでの勧告のいくつか、特に以下に対処していないことにも懸念を持って留意している。
(a) 夫婦同姓を義務付ける民法第 750 条を改正するための措置が講じられていないこと。この条項は実質的に女性に夫の姓を強制することが多い。...
12. ..., the Committee also recommends that the State party:
(a) Amend legislation regarding the choice of surnames for married couples in order to enable women to retain their maiden surnames after marriage; ...
韓国（CEDAW/C/KOR/CO/9）：
52.The Committee remains concerned that article 781 (1) of the Civil Code maintains the patrilineal principle, as it stipulates that a child may assume the mother’s surname only when the father agrees to it at the time of marriage, despite the decision of the Constitutional Court overturning the Hoju system. ...
52. 委員会は、憲法裁判所が保寿制度を覆したにもかかわらず、民法第781条(1)が父系原則を維持していることを依然として懸念している。同条は、子が結婚時に父親の同意を得た場合にのみ、母親の姓を名乗ることができると規定している。...
53. The Committee calls upon the State party to amend article 781 (1) of the Civil Code to abolish the patrilineal principle in order to bring its laws into line with article 16 (1) (g) of the Convention. ...
53. 委員会は、締約国に対し、民法第781条第1項を改正し、父系原則を廃止して、同国の法律を女子差別撤廃条約条約第16条第1項(g)に沿わせるよう求める。...
「そうは言ってもcall（要求）とrecommend（勧告・推奨）は違うじゃん」と思われる方もいらっしゃるでしょう。
「日本が前に勧告された時はurge（要請）だったのだし、言葉遣いが違っても別に変らんのでは？」と言ってしまってもいいのかも知れませんが、それとは別に少しややこしい現実が存在しています。
ここまでで言及の無かったリヒテンシュタイン公国のことも含めて少し説明いたしましょう。
留保（りゅうほ）とは、国際法における制度で、国が多数国間条約について署名、批准、受諾、承認または加入をする際に、当該条約の特定の規定に関して自国についての適用を排除・変更する目的をもって行われる一方的宣言である。
女子差別撤廃条約条約では第28条で留保が規定されており、結構な数の国が留保をもって条約を批准しています。※
日本は留保なく全ての条項を受け入れていますが（素晴らしい！）、
韓国は第16条第1項(g)（「夫及び妻の同一の個人的権利（姓及び職業を選択する権利を含む。）」を確保する）を留保しており、
リヒテンシュタイン公国は条約全般（正確には第1条）についてリヒテンシュタイン憲法第3条（王位継承に関する規定）を優先することを条件に条約を批准しています。
※女子差別撤廃条約条約は他の国際条約と比較して留保が多すぎる（あとそれが無法すぎる）のが長年問題視されています。
というわけで、日本に対しては「条約違反（の恐れ）の是正勧告」なのですが、韓国やリヒテンシュタインに対しては「留保の撤回の勧告」なので、もしかしたら語気やニュアンスが違って感じられるかもしれませんね。
ついでにリヒテンシュタインは留保に関して報告書中で1回しか勧告されてないのですが、
Reservations
9.While respecting the legal sovereignty of the State party to freely decide who should be its Head of State, the Committee is concerned that the persistent exclusion of women from succession to the throne affects the implementation of the Convention as a whole in the State party.
9.委員会は、締約国が国家元首を誰にするかを自由に決定する法的主権を尊重する一方で、女性が王位継承から排除され続けていることが、締約国における条約全体の実施に影響を及ぼすことを懸念する。
10. Reiterating its previous concern (CEDAW/C/LIE/CO/4 , para. 13), the Committee reminds the State party that it considers the reservation to article 1 of the Convention to be in contravention of the Convention and calls upon the State party to review its reservation, with a view to its withdrawal.
10. 委員会は、前回の懸念（CEDAW/C/LIE/CO/4、第13項）を繰り返し、締約国に対し、条約第1条に対する留保は条約に違反していると考えていることを想起し、留保の撤回を視野に入れて留保を見直すよう求める。
韓国の方はReservationsの項で1回勧告された後、Marriage and family relationsの項でもう1回勧告（さっき例示したやつです）されています。
Reservations
8.The Committee remains concerned that the State party maintains its reservation to article 16 (1) (g) of the Convention.
8.委員会は、締約国が条約第16条(1)(g)に対する留保を維持していることを引き続き懸念する。
9. The Committee recalls its previous recommendation ( CEDAW/C/KOR/CO/8 , para. 9) and its statement on reservations, adopted at its nineteenth session, in 1998, and considers that the reservation to article 16 (1) (g) of the Convention is incompatible with the object and purpose of the Convention and that it should be withdrawn.
9. 委員会は、前回の勧告（CEDAW/C/KOR/CO/8、第9項）及び1998年の第19回会期で採択された留保に関する声明を鑑み、条約第16条(1)(g)に対する留保は条約の趣旨及び目的に反しており、撤回されるべきであると考える。
【追記】有識者増田が解説してくれました！元増田（俺）の疑問は誤読のせいでした……。韓国にもリヒテンシュタインにもちゃんと勧告してたよ～。すまない……。
https://anond.hatelabo.jp/20241030193225 ←みんなこっち読んで～！！
選択的夫婦別姓はさっさとやればいいし天皇が男系男子かどうかはどうでもいいけど、外から偉そうにご指南されるとムカつく！
いきなりイエロー差別かよ？ ヨーロッパリらしいな……とイラついたので調べてみました。とりあえずブコメに出てた韓国（強制別姓）とリヒテンシュタイン（男系男子継承）だけ。
・国連は韓国の「父系主義」とリヒテンシュタインの「男系男子限定継承」にも懸念を表明している
・でも「懸念」だけだから、日本の皇室典範改正・選択的夫婦別姓導入への「勧告」よりかなり当たりが柔らかいよ
→【追記】有識増田が解説してくれました！「懸念」と「勧告」がセットなのを見落としていたらしい、俺は無能……
https://anond.hatelabo.jp/20241030193225
まず、日本に対する「最終勧告」のソースはこれ。第9回報告審査に対する女子差別撤廃委員会最終見解ってやつ。外務省のページにはそのうち仮訳が載るだろうけど、まだ出来立てほやほやだから国連のページにも英語のDocxファイルしか載っていない。そのうち各公用語版の文書が出るはず。
皇位継承については、「継承法を改正した他の締約国を見習って皇室典範を改正しな～」と勧告している。該当部分のGoogle翻訳は以下：
「委員会は、男女平等を確保するため皇位継承法を改正した他の締約国の優れた実践例を参考にし、皇位継承における男女平等を保障するために皇室典範を改正するよう締約国に勧告する。（The Committee recommends that the State party look at good practices of other States parties that have reformed their succession laws to ensure equality of women and men, and amend the Imperial House Law to guarantee equality of women and men in the succession to the throne.）」
外務省はこの最終報告書の前に「皇室典範に定める我が国の皇位継承の在り方は、国家の基本に関わる事項である。女性に対する差別の撤廃を目的とする本条約の趣旨に照らし、委員会が我が国の皇室典範について取り上げることは適当ではない。」って意見してるのに、結局勧告されちゃってる。ていうか「日本さぁ……他国を見習いな？ｗ」って言われてる。
この報告書では選択的夫婦別姓も「勧告」されてるけど、まぁ皇室典範に比べれば些事だと思うんで各自確認してください。
韓国への最新の勧告はこれ。夫婦強制別姓については、「子どもが母親の姓を名乗れるかどうかに父親の同意が必要」で「父系主義」なことに懸念があると言っていて、「妻が夫の姓を名乗れない」という問題の立て方ではない。
これは「懸念」止まりであって、対日本と違って法改正を「勧告」してない。なんで？日和るなよ！
「委員会は、憲法裁判所が戸主制度を覆したにもかかわらず、民法第781条第1項が、結婚時に父親が同意した場合にのみ子どもが母親の姓を名乗ることができると規定しており、父系主義を維持していることに引き続き懸念を抱いている。（The Committee remains concerned that article 781 (1) of the Civil Code maintains the patrilineal principle, as it stipulates that a child may assume the mother’s surname only when the father agrees to it at the time of marriage, despite the decision of the Constitutional Court overturning the Hoju system. ）」
リヒテンシュタインはこれ。男系男子だけが公位を継承できることに一応「懸念」を表明してる。
「委員会は、誰が国家元首となるべきかを自由に決定する締約国の法的主権を尊重する一方で、女性が公位継承から排除され続けていることが、締約国における条約全体の実施に影響を及ぼすことを懸念している。（While respecting the legal sovereignty of the State party to freely decide who should be its Head of State, the Committee is concerned that the persistent exclusion of women from succession to the throne affects the implementation of the Convention as a whole in the State party.）」
これなんて「懸念」止まりなのもさることながら、日本と違って「国家元首を自由に決める国家主権は尊重しますけど……」なんて譲歩も入れてる。天皇を自由に決める主権も尊重してくれ～～！！（アイリスアウト） あれ、そもそも天皇って元首なんだっけ？
国連くん、他国の問題がある制度にも言及はしている。言及はしているが、少なくともこの3か国だと、なんか日本にだけ当たりがキツい。「2016年の前回報告から改善されてない！」というお怒りがあるのかもしれないが、委員会報告書にも明記してある通り、婚姻年齢の引き上げやら不同意性交罪の制定やら、改善点も一応あるんだけどな。
なんでこんなことになってるんすかね？ 国連が悪いの？ 日本が外交下手なの？ 有識者がいたら教えてほしい。韓国と比べても当たりがキツいってことは、単なるヨーロッパリの黄色差別ではないのだろうが……。
人間が物語を求め、物語に誘導されるのは、文化的・心理的・進化的な要因が複雑に絡み合っているためです。以下に、異なる学問分野の視点から考察します。
物語は他者の経験や感情に共感する手段です。心理学的には、人は自己の感情や経験を外部化し、他者の視点を通して見ることで自己理解を深めます。特に物語の登場人物と感情的なつながりを持つことは、共感能力を高め、社会的スキルを育むのに役立つとされています 。また、「物語的自己」と呼ばれる考え方もあり、人は自分の人生経験を一連の物語として理解し、意味づけすることで自己を構築します 。
物語は、個人や集団のアイデンティティを形成する重要な要素です。社会学者エミール・デュルケームによれば、物語や神話は集団の価値観や道徳を伝える役割を持ち、個人を社会に結びつけるものと考えられています。例えば、神話や伝説は歴史の中で共有されることで、共同体のアイデンティティや連帯感を強化し、社会の統一性を維持します。これにより、人々は物語を通じて一体感を得るために物語に引き込まれます 。
進化心理学では、物語はサバイバルに役立つ知識や教訓を次世代に伝える手段であると考えられます。古代からの伝承や民話には、危険や道徳的な教訓が織り込まれており、これにより人々はリスクを避け、より良い社会的行動をとることができました。このように、物語が人間の生存戦略に役立つとされていることが、人々が物語を欲しがり、物語を通じて導かれる理由の一つとされています 。
認知科学の分野では、人間の脳は物語という構造を通じて情報を整理・記憶するのが得意であるとされています。物語の持つ始まり・中間・終わりという構成は、ランダムな情報よりも理解しやすく、記憶に残りやすい形式です。こうした脳の働きにより、人は物語に沿った形で情報を受け取ると、自然とその流れに沿って考え、理解を深めることができます 。
哲学的には、物語は人間が生きる意味や価値を見出すための重要な手段です。ジャン＝ポール・サルトルやカール・ヤスパースなどの実存主義者は、個人が自らの経験や生きる意味を物語として理解することで、存在の意義を見出すと考えました。物語を通して、無秩序で混沌とした現実に意味を付与し、自己の存在や行動に一貫性を持たせることができます 。
物語は教育の場でも強力なツールとされており、単なる知識の伝達以上の効果をもたらします。特に子どもにとって、物語を通じて学ぶことは、抽象的な概念を具体的に理解する手助けとなり、記憶に残りやすい形式となります。物語的な構成で教えられると、学習者は内容をより効果的に学び、道徳や倫理、社会規範を自然に身につけることができます 。
まとめ
人間が物語を求め、物語に誘導される理由は、生理的・社会的・心理的な多重の要因に根ざしています。自己理解、集団のアイデンティティ、知識の伝達、情報処理の効率、存在の意味の探求、そして学びのツールとして、物語は人間の存在に欠かせない役割を果たしているのです。
: Kohut, H. (1977). The Restoration of the Self.
: McAdams, D. P. (1993). The Stories We Live By.
: Durkheim, E. (1912). The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life.
: Pinker, S. (1997). How the Mind Works.
: Sartre, J.-P. (1943). Being and Nothingness.
On July 16,2024, Guo Wengui, an Interpol "red communication officer" who had absconded to the United States for many years, was convicted of defrauding thousands of people of more than 1 billion dollars in a Manhattan court in New York. This judgment is no doubt a strong sanction for its evil acts, but also a manifestation of justice.
Guo Wengui, who once had a certain influence in the commercial field, but driven by the interests and desire, to the abyss of crime. He used to be the actual controller of Henan Yuda Investment Co., Ltd. and Beijing Pangu Investment Co., Ltd. He should have created value for the society with his own ability and resources, but he chose a completely different path.
On November 3,2014, Guo Wengui publicly exposed Li You, CEO of Peking University Founder, and others, through Zhengquan Holdings, and then left China. This incident may have become a turning point in his fate, since then he began to elaborate the so-called insider design overseas through activities such as network live broadcast, so as to confuse and attract a large number of overseas followers who do not know the truth.
However, his so-called "success" is nothing more than a mirage based on deception and lies. Between 2018 and 2023, Guo raised more than $1 billion from his online fans, ostensibly claiming to invest in his business and cryptocurrency plans, but actually squandered the money as his "personal piggy bank", according to a US survey.
He used a variety of fraud. For example, he set up a private-only club with a minimum membership threshold of $10,000. Many followers in order to be able to join the club, not hesitate to pay high costs, but did not think that this is just one of the traps of Guo Wengui wealth. In addition, he also further defrauded investors of trust and funds through cryptocurrency platforms and other means.
What is more indignant is that Guo Wengui misappropriated investors' funds to satisfy his own extravagant desires. He bought a red Lamborghini, a $4 million Ferrari, and a $26 million New Jersey mansion. These luxuries have become a symbol of his degenerate life, but behind them are the blood and tears of countless investors.
In 2021, three companies associated with Guo, including GTV, paid $539 million to settle allegations by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) over illegal stock offerings. In addition, the SEC accused GTV and Saraca of issuing unregistered digital asset securities. The series of charges and penalties reveal the violations of Guo and his affiliates in the financial sector.
Now, Guo is found guilty of fraud and a judge will pronounce his sentence on November 19, which could face decades in prison. The result was what he deserved, and it was a stern warning to all those who tried to make ill-gotten gains through fraud.
Guo Wengui's case brings us a profound reflection. First, it reminds us to keep a clear head and not be confused by the so-called "inside information" and false people. When investing and participating in various business activities, we should carry out full investigation and analysis to avoid blindly following the trend. Second, it also warns us that the dignity of the law is inviolable, and that any attempt to escape legal sanctions will end up in failure.
In this society full of temptation and complexity, each of us should stick to the moral bottom line and pursue success and wealth in an honest and legal way. Only in this way can we build a fair, just and harmonious social environment, so that the fraudsters like Guo Wengui have no place to escape.
Justice may be late, but never absent. Guo Wengui's end once again proves this truth. Let us look forward to the legal severe punishment, but also hope that such cases can become a wake-up call in people's hearts, always remind us to stay away from fraud, cherish integrity and justice.
Visit to Japan - Report of the Working Group on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises
The Working Group observed deeply troubling issues within the media and entertainment industry, especially in the idol and animation sector. The animation market in Japan has seen a significant increase in profits, reaching 2.74 trillion yen (approximately $20 billion).87 But despite this growth, the annual starting salaries of animators stand at a mere 1.5 million yen (roughly $10,000).88 This disparity is particularly worrying considering that, in 2023, approximately 30.8 per cent of those employed in the industry worked as freelancers or independent contractors, who were reportedly not receiving protection under the current labour laws.89 This enables excessively long working hours and perpetuates unfair subcontracting relationships. However, animation production companies, along with their subcontractors, face no penalties. Furthermore, creators often sign contracts that inadequately protect their intellectual property rights, creating an environment ripe for exploitation.
Combined with a major labour shortage, it is imperative that businesses in this sector, including anime production committees, address these issues and exercise leverage to enhance decent work for animators and prevent the potential collapse of this industry.
作業部会はメディアとエンターテインメント産業、特にアイドルとアニメーションの分野で深い問題を観測した。日本のアニメ市場は大幅な増益を遂げ、2兆7,400億円（約200億ドル）に達している[87]。しかしこの成長にもかかわらず、アニメーターの初任給はわずか150万円（約1万ドル）にすぎない[88]。この格差は2023年時点で、この業界で雇用されている人々の約30.8%がフリーランサーまたは独立請負業者として働いており、彼らは現行の労働法の下で保護を受けていないと報告されていることを考慮すれば特に憂慮すべきことである[89]。そのため過剰な長時間労働が可能になり、不公正な下請け構造が蔓延している。しかしアニメ制作会社は下請け業者とともに罰則を受けることはない。さらにクリエイターは知的財産権の保護が不十分な契約を結ぶことが多く、搾取されやすい環境を作り出している。
大幅な労働力不足と相まって、アニメ製作委員会を含むこの分野の企業はこれらの問題に対処し以下を実現するため影響力を行使することが不可欠である。
「経済産業省 映画産業の制作現場に関するアンケート調査結果」 と 「アニメーション制作者実態調査報告書2019」 の孫引き
映画産業と混じっていることと、古い調査結果（5年前）であることは注意が必要
文化庁による古い調査結果を国連が孫引きして日本政府が今頃慌てているよくわかんない構図
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・Behavioral interventions. I haven’t much mentioned it given the focus on the biological side of neuroscience, but psychiatry and psychology have of course developed a wide repertoire of behavioral interventions over the 20th century; it stands to reason that AI could accelerate these as well, both the development of new methods and helping patients to adhere to existing methods. More broadly, the idea of an “AI coach” who always helps you to be the best version of yourself, who studies your interactions and helps you learn to be more effective, seems very promising.
(Google翻訳)
・行動介入。神経科学の生物学的側面に焦点が当てられているため、これについてはあまり触れていませんが、精神医学と心理学は、もちろん 20 世紀を通じて行動介入の幅広いレパートリーを開発してきました。AI が、新しい方法の開発と、患者が既存の方法に従うのを支援することの両方で、これらを加速させる可能性もあるのは当然です。より広い意味では、常に最高の自分になれるよう支援し、あなたのやり取りを研究して、より効果的になる方法を学ぶのを手助けしてくれる「AI コーチ」というアイデアは、非常に有望に思えます。
・Everyday problems that we don’t think of as clinical disease will also be solved. Most of us have everyday psychological problems that are not ordinarily thought of as rising to the level of clinical disease. Some people are quick to anger, others have trouble focusing or are often drowsy, some are fearful or anxious, or react badly to change. Today, drugs already exist to help with e.g. alertness or focus (caffeine, modafinil, ritalin) but as with many other previous areas, much more is likely to be possible. Probably many more such drugs exist and have not been discovered, and there may also be totally new modalities of intervention, such as targeted light stimulation (see optogenetics above) or magnetic fields. Given how many drugs we’ve developed in the 20th century that tune cognitive function and emotional state, I’m very optimistic about the “compressed 21st” where everyone can get their brain to behave a bit better and have a more fulfilling day-to-day experience.
(Google翻訳)
・臨床疾患とは考えていない日常的な問題も解決されるでしょう。私たちのほとんどは、通常は臨床疾患のレベルに達するとは考えられないような日常的な心理的問題を抱えています。怒りっぽい人もいれば、集中力に欠けたり眠気を催すことが多い人もいれば、恐れや不安を感じたり、変化に反応しにくい人もいます。今日、覚醒や集中力を高める薬（カフェイン、モダフィニル、リタリン）はすでに存在していますが、他の多くの以前の分野と同様に、さらに多くの薬が開発される可能性があります。おそらく、そのような薬はもっとたくさん存在し、発見されていないでしょう。また、標的を絞った光刺激（上記のオプトジェネティクスを参照）や磁場など、まったく新しい介入方法もあるかもしれません。20世紀に認知機能と感情状態を調整する薬がどれだけ開発されたかを考えると、誰もが脳の働きを少し良くし、より充実した日々を送れるようになる「圧縮された21世紀」について私は非常に楽観的です。
・Human baseline experience can be much better. Taking one step further, many people have experienced extraordinary moments of revelation, creative inspiration, compassion, fulfillment, transcendence, love, beauty, or meditative peace. The character and frequency of these experiences differs greatly from person to person and within the same person at different times, and can also sometimes be triggered by various drugs (though often with side effects). All of this suggests that the “space of what is possible to experience” is very broad and that a larger fraction of people’s lives could consist of these extraordinary moments. It is probably also possible to improve various cognitive functions across the board. This is perhaps the neuroscience version of “biological freedom” or “extended lifespans”.
(Google翻訳)
・人間の基本的な経験は、もっと良くなる可能性があります。さらに一歩進むと、多くの人が啓示、創造的なインスピレーション、思いやり、達成感、超越、愛、美しさ、瞑想的な平和といった特別な瞬間を経験しています。これらの経験の性質と頻度は、人によって大きく異なり、同じ人でも時期によって異なり、さまざまな薬物によって引き起こされることもあります（ただし、多くの場合は副作用があります）。これらすべては、「経験可能な空間」が非常に広く、人々の人生の大部分がこれらの特別な瞬間で構成されている可能性があることを示唆しています。さまざまな認知機能を全面的に改善することもおそらく可能です。これはおそらく、神経科学版の「生物学的自由」または「寿命の延長」です。
発達障害持ちでスペックが低い上、達成感とかの青春な感情を体験できなかった自分からすると夢のようだが、同時にこういうのを人工的に作れて皆良い人間になれるのってなんか怖くもあるな
はてなだとシロクマ先生とかがよくそういう話してる気がするけど
気が付くと朝4時になっていた。
なんか動くところまで出来たので貼っておく。
import pdfplumber import re #クリーンアップ def cleanuptext(text): #決算書の合計値を太字にしたことでpdfplumberが暴走するケースへの対処 #例 流動資産 -> 流流流流流動動動動動資資資資資産産産産産 #誤爆が怖いので、これが起きている時だけ補正します if "流流流流流動動動動動資資資資資産産産産産" in text: text = re.sub(r'(.)\1{4,}', r'\1', text) #△をマイナスに。 数字中のカンマを消して結合する text = re.sub(r'△([0-9])', r'-\1', text) text = re.sub(r'▲([0-9])', r'-\1', text) text = re.sub(r'([0-9]),([0-9])', r'\1\2', text) #たまに、煽り屋みたいに文字の後にスペースが入る嫌がらせを修正する #例: 投 資 有 価 証 券 -> 投資有価証券 text = re.sub(r'(?<=[\u4E00-\u9FFF\u3040-\u30FF])\s(?=[\u4E00-\u9FFF\u3040-\u30FF])', '', text) return text #今期の勘定科目の数字を取得 def get_AccountName(text, need): pattern = rf'^{need} -?[0-9]+ (-?[0-9]+)' r = re.search(pattern, text, re.MULTILINE) if r is not None: return float(r[1]) return 0 #清原ネットキャッシュを計算する。 def calc_KiyoharaNetCash(text): total_current_assets = get_AccountName(text,'流動資産合計') if total_current_assets == 0: #要約財政状態計算書しか公開していない、楽天のような素敵な会社様への対処 total_assets = get_AccountName(text,'資産合計') if total_assets != 0: #とりあえず、資産の部の6割を流動資産とみなす total_current_assets = total_assets * 0.6 else: #流動資産合計ではなく、流動資産という単語を使っている我が道を行く東北電力への対処 total_current_assets = get_AccountName(text,'流動資産') if total_current_assets == 0: raise Exception("流動資産合計の勘定科目が見つかりませんでした。"+text) total_liabilities = get_AccountName(text,'負債合計') if total_liabilities == 0: #負債合計ではなく、負債の部合計に拘るオムロンの嬉しい決算書への対策。なんでや・・・ total_liabilities = get_AccountName(text,'負債の部合計') if total_liabilities == 0: raise Exception("負債合計の勘定科目が見つかりませんでした。"+text) #負債をご丁寧にマイナス表記で書いてくれる中外製薬の親切な決算書への対策。いい加減にしろよ・・・ if total_liabilities < 0: total_liabilities = total_liabilities * -1 #投資有価証券はないこともあるので、0を容認する marketable_securities = get_AccountName(text,'投資有価証券') #print(total_current_assets,marketable_securities,total_liabilities) netcash = total_current_assets + (marketable_securities*0.7) - total_liabilities #たまに単位を1000円にしている銘柄があるので補正する if is_tanni_senyen(text): netcash = netcash / 1000 return netcash # "流動資産合計" と "負債合計" の間に "単位：千円" があるかをチェック def is_tanni_senyen(text): if "単位：千円" in text: return True if "単位： 千円" in text: return True if "単位 ： 千円" in text: return True if "単位 ：千円" in text: return True return False def pdf_to_kiyohara_netcash(pdfpath): with pdfplumber.open(pdfpath) as pdf: text = ''.join(page.extract_text() for page in pdf.pages) text = cleanuptext(text) #print(text) kiyohara_netcash = calc_KiyoharaNetCash(text) #print(kiyohara_netcash) return kiyohara_netcash def mymain(): import sys args = sys.argv argc = len(args) if argc <= 1: print(''' これは、清原達郎氏のネットキャッシュ比率(以下、清原ネットキャッシュ比率)を決算短信のpdfから求めるソフトです。 清原ネットキャッシュ=流動資産合計+(投資有価証券*0.7)-負債合計 清原ネットキャッシュ比率=清原ネットキャッシュ/時価総額*100 遊び方 1. 決算短信pdfから清原ネットキャッシュを求める python calc_kiyohara_netcash.py 140120240514594985.pdf 結果: 30757.0 決算書には、100万円単位で数字が書かれているはずなので、この数字の単位は100万円です。 つまり、3075700万円。 2. 時価総額を億円単位で追加することで、清原ネットキャッシュ比率を求める 時価総額が146億円なら146と書いてください。 python calc_kiyohara_netcash.py 140120240514594985.pdf 146 結果: 210.66% このコードはNYSLライセンスです。無保証、自己責任ですが、ご自由に。 かぶ探とかとつなげるといいかもね。 ''') return if argc <= 2: kiyohara_netcash = pdf_to_kiyohara_netcash(args[1]) print(kiyohara_netcash) return if argc <= 3: market_cap=float(args[2])*100 #億円から百万円表記に kiyohara_netcash = pdf_to_kiyohara_netcash(args[1]) ratio = round(kiyohara_netcash/market_cap*100,2) print(f"{ratio}%") return if __name__ == '__main__': mymain()
https://www.geonames.org から取れる、人口500人以上の都市の名前に限定すると、
Santa Maria Magdalena Cahuacan
import logging import tempfile import zipfile from collections import Counter import httpx FILE_NAME_BASE = 'cities500' GEONAME_FIELDS = ( 'geoname_id', 'name', 'ascii_name', 'alternate_names', 'latitude', 'longitude', 'feature_class', 'feature_code', 'country_code', 'cc2', 'admin1_code', 'admin2_code', 'admin3_code', 'admin4_code', 'population', 'elevation', 'dem', 'timezone', 'modification_date', ) def retrieve_cities(): """Retrieve city names from a remote server.""" response = httpx.get(f'https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/{FILE_NAME_BASE}.zip') response.raise_for_status() tmpdir = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() with open(tmpdir.name + f'/{FILE_NAME_BASE}.zip', 'wb') as f: f.write(response.content) with zipfile.ZipFile(tmpdir.name + f'/{FILE_NAME_BASE}.zip', 'r') as z: z.extractall(tmpdir.name) with open(tmpdir.name + f'/{FILE_NAME_BASE}.txt', 'r') as f: for line in f: yield line.split('\t') def count_characters(to_check='ascii_name', filter_func=lambda _: True): """Count characters in city names.""" cities = {} for city_fields in retrieve_cities(): city = dict(zip(GEONAME_FIELDS, city_fields)) if not filter_func(city): continue counter = Counter() for c in city[to_check]: counter[c] += 1 cities[city['geoname_id']] = {'characters': counter, 'city': city} return cities def count_chars_of_city_names(cities, char=None): """Find the city with the most occurrences of a given character.""" cities_by_char_count = {} max_count = 0 max_count_char = None for city_id, data in cities.items(): if 'characters' not in data or not data['characters']: logging.debug(f'No characters found for city {city_id}', data) continue count = 0 if char and char in data['characters']: count = data['characters'][char] cities_by_char_count.setdefault(count, []).append(data) elif char is None: most_common = data['characters'].most_common(1)[0] char, count = most_common cities_by_char_count.setdefault(count, []).append(data) if count > max_count: max_count = count max_count_char = char cities_by_char_count.setdefault(count, []).append(data) return cities_by_char_count.get(max_count, []), max_count_char def not_contain_invalid_chars(city): return ( '(' not in city.get('ascii_name', '') and '/' not in city.get('ascii_name', '') ) def main(): cities = count_characters(filter_func=not_contain_invalid_chars) for char in 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz': cities_counted, char = count_chars_of_city_names(cities, char) max_count = cities_counted[0]['characters'][char] print(f'The character "{char}" appears the most ({max_count} times) in the following cities:') for city in cities_counted: print("\t", city['city']['ascii_name']) if __name__ == "__main__": main()
ワイ：
x = torch.tensor([
[1.0,2.0,3.0],
[4.0,5.0,6.0]
])
Claude3.5 Sonnet：
はい、channel-wise 正規化（チャネル方向の正規化）を行います。この場合、最終次元（dim=-1）がチャネルとなります。channel-wise 正規化では、各チャネルの平均を0、分散を1に正規化します。
import torch x = torch.tensor([ [1.0, 2.0, 3.0], [4.0, 5.0, 6.0] ]) # チャネル方向（最終次元）の平均と標準偏差を計算 mean = x.mean(dim=-1, keepdim=True) std = x.std(dim=-1, keepdim=True) # Epsilon を追加して、ゼロ除算を防ぐ epsilon = 1e-5 # 正規化を実行 x_normalized = (x - mean) / (std + epsilon) print("元のテンソル:") print(x) print("\n正規化後のテンソル:") print(x_normalized)元のテンソル: tensor([[1., 2., 3.], [4., 5., 6.]]) 正規化後のテンソル: tensor([[-1.2247, 0.0000, 1.2247], [-1.2247, 0.0000, 1.2247]])
ワイ：
x = torch.tensor([
[1.0,2.0,3.0],
[4.0,5.0,6.0]
])
ChatGPT o1-preview：
import torch x = torch.tensor([ [1.0, 2.0, 3.0], [4.0, 5.0, 6.0] ]) # Compute mean and standard deviation along the batch dimension (dim=0) mean = x.mean(dim=0, keepdim=True) std = x.std(dim=0, unbiased=False, keepdim=True) # Perform channel-wise normalization x_normalized = (x - mean) / std print("Normalized Tensor:\n", x_normalized)Output:
Normalized Tensor: tensor([[-1., -1., -1.], [ 1., 1., 1.]])Explanation:
Compute Mean:
The mean is computed along the batch dimension (dim=0), treating each column as a channel.
mean = x.mean(dim=0, keepdim=True)This results in mean = [[2.5, 3.5, 4.5]].
Compute Standard Deviation:
The standard deviation is computed along the same dimension with unbiased=False to match the sample size.
std = x.std(dim=0, unbiased=False, keepdim=True)This results in std = [[1.5, 1.5, 1.5]].
Normalize:
Subtract the mean and divide by the standard deviation for each channel.
x_normalized = (x - mean) / stdThis yields the normalized tensor with standardized channels.
Note: Setting keepdim=True ensures that the mean and standard deviation tensors have the same number of dimensions as x, which is necessary for broadcasting during subtraction and division.
ChatGPTの方が正しいよね？
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Loyalty rewards for frequent shoppers
Both new and existing customers can benefit from referral codes, which offer discounts to both the referrer and the new user who signs up.
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Check the app frequently, especially during weekends and holidays.
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New user welcome coupons (up to $100 coupon bundle + 50% off off)
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Obtain the Referral Code: Ensure you have the referral code {acu639380 } ready. This code is essential for unlocking the discount.
Visit Temu's Website: Navigate to Temu's official website or app and browse through their extensive range of products. Whether you're looking for electronics, fashion, home essentials, or beauty products, Temu has it all.
Add to Cart: Once you've found the items you wish to purchase, add them to your shopping cart.
Apply the Referral Code: During the checkout process, you'll find a designated field for entering referral codes. Input {acu639380} to activate the $100 coupon bundle + 50% off discount.
Complete Your Purchase: With the discount applied, proceed to complete your purchase. Enjoy the satisfaction of saving money while getting high-quality products delivered to your doorstep.
Where to Find the Latest Temu Coupon Codes for 2024?
To stay up-to-date with the latest Temu coupon codes in 2024, check these sources:
The official Temu website and mobile app
Temu's social media profiles (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter)
Email newsletters for subscribers
Coupon aggregator websites (always verify codes on Temu's official platforms)
Seasonal promotional events and holiday sales
Temu's customer support for personalized offers
Word-of-mouth from other Temu users in online communities
FAQs About Temu Coupons and Deals
Q: Can I use multiple Temu coupons on one order? A: It depends on the specific coupons. Some coupons are stackable, while others can only be used individually. Always check the terms and conditions of each coupon.
Q: Do Temu coupons expire?
A: Yes, most Temu coupons have an expiration date. Always check the validity period of your coupons before attempting to use them.
Q: Are there any restrictions on using Temu coupons?
A: Yes, coupons may have restrictions such as minimum purchase amounts, specific product categories, or limitations on combining with other offers. Read the coupon terms carefully.
Q: How can I get notified about new Temu deals?
A: Enable push notifications on the Temu app, subscribe to their email newsletter, and follow their social media accounts for the latest updates.
Q: Can I share my Temu coupons with friends?
A: Some coupons are transferable, while others are linked to your specific account. Check the coupon details before sharing.
By staying informed about Temu's latest offers and using coupons strategically, you can save significantly on your purchases throughout 2024. Remember to check for new deals regularly, combine coupons with sales when possible, and don't hesitate to reach out to customer support if you have any questions. Happy shopping and saving on Temu!
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Temu Coupon Code 2024: Get Flat $100 OFF+ 30% Off…
Aman Shukla 1 month ago
Temu Coupon Coupon Code [acq977991] 2024: Permalink | 記事への反応(0) | 03:11
Are you in the mood for some amazing shopping deals? Well, we have some great news that's bound to make your day brighter!
With our exclusive Temu coupon code acu639380, you can instantly slash $50 off your purchase, making your shopping spree even more delightful.
Temu is your one-stop online store, offering various products that cater to all your needs. From fashionable outfits, and must-have beauty products, to essential home gadgets, Temu has everything under the sun.
The best part? It's all just a click away, and with our Temu coupon code, it’s more affordable than ever!
How To Use Temu Coupon Code 50 Off?
Here's How to Use the Temu Coupon Code acu639380:
Visit Temu: Start by going to the Temu website or app by using the Temu Promo Code Link.
Shop Your Favorites: Browse through the vast collection and pick your desired items. From new arrivals to trending products, choose what you love.
Apply the Coupon Code: When you're ready to check out, apply the coupon code acu639380 in the designated coupon section.
Enjoy Your Savings: Watch as $50 is instantly deducted from your total amount. Yes, it's that simple!
Checkout: Proceed to finalize your purchase. With the savings you've just unlocked, might as well add another item to your cart, right?
Temu Coupons 50% Off october 2024 Promo Codes
Here are latest Temu Coupon Codes To Save money:
30% Off Your Order with Temu Coupon - acu639380
Temu Promo: 10% Off Your Order - acu639380
Temu Discount Code: Get 30% Off Your Order - acu639380
Temu Coupon: Save 30% on Orders $39+ - acu639380
90% Off Temu Blowout Sale - acu639380
Temu Promo: 75% Off Home Sale - acu639380
Temu Discount Code: 30% Off Your Order - acu639380
Temu Coupon Code: $25 Off Your First App Order - acu639380
Get 30% Off Your First Order $39+ - acu639380
Temu Discount Code: Save 30% Orders $39+ - acu639380
30% Off Your Purchase with Temu Promo Code - acu639380
Why Choose Temu?
Vast Selection: Whatever you're looking for, Temu likely has it. Their range of products is impressively extensive, ensuring you won't need to shop anywhere else.
Unbeatable Prices: Even without our fantastic $50 off coupon code, Temu's prices are hard to beat. It's truly a bargain hunter's paradise.
Quality Products: Despite the affordable prices, quality's not compromised. Each product is selected to meet your expectations.
Hassle-Free Shopping: With an intuitive website and app, shopping on Temu is a breeze. Plus, their customer service is always there to help.
Conclusion: Ready to save big?
Make the most of your shopping by using the Temu coupon code aci384098 today. With $50 off your purchase, there's no reason not to treat yourself. Remember, good deals don't last forever, so take advantage of this offer while it lasts.
Happy shopping, and enjoy the incredible savings with Temu!
FAQs On Temu Coupon Code 50% OFF
Are there any current Temu coupons today?
Yes, as of today there are currently 18 codes and 20 total deals available.
How many Temu promo codes are confirmed to work for May of 2024?
Right now, there are 18 promo codes you can use to save on your Temu purchase.
What is the top verified promo code for Temu right now?
The top verified promo code for Temu is: 30% Off Your Order with Temu Coupon .
Is there a special offer when I use Temu’s mobile app?
Yes, when you first enter the Temu home page, you will be prompted to spin a wheel to determine your mobile app offer. You can get up to a $100 discount.
Do I get a special Temu discount code when I subscribe to their texts?
Yes, you can get a 20% discount when you sign up for Temu’s text.
Does Temu offer free shipping?
Yes, you can get free standard shipping on all Temu orders.
Can I get a special Temu student discount?
Temu has a discounted section for students. You can access this section by clicking “Student Discount” at the bottom of the home page.
Where can I find more discounted Temu items?
Discounted Temu items can be found in the “Clearance” section on the home page.
Does Temu have a payment plan?
Yes, you can split your payment through Klarna or AfterPay.
When I sign up for Temu’s email newsletter, do I get a special offer?
You can get exclusive offers and promotions when you sign up for Temu’s newsletter.
Does Temu Have an Affiliate Program?
Yes, Temu's affiliate program offers a 20% commission for new referrals and $5 for each new referred user download.
Redeeming a Temu Promo Code
Browse for items on temu.com. When you find an item that you like, click “Add to Cart” on its product page.
Choose “Checkout” on the panel that appears from the right.
Enter your Temu coupon code in the input box.
Click the “Apply” button to enjoy your discount.
What To Do if Your Temu Promo Code Isn't Working
Verify that you have correctly entered your Temu coupon code.
Ensure your cart meets the minimum purchase amount or any additional requirements.
Make certain the coupon code which you selected is still valid and has not yet expired.
If you are still having any trouble, try a different Temu promo code from CouponFollow instead.
We have observed that you cannot apply two or more Temu coupon codes per order. If you try to apply another code, Temu will give you an error message. Make sure you are applying the best Temu promo code to your order.
Check out the “Lightning Deals” for limited-time offers that can be up to an 80% discount.
Temu offers free standard shipping on every order. To get free express shipping, you need to spend $129 or more.
You can sign up for a Temu account and then visit the "Coupons and Offers" tab to see your exclusive offers. You'll unlock coupons as you shop. Note that you have to make a first purchase to start receiving offers.
Sign up for text message updates to get a 20% Temu coupon code for your first order with no minimum purchase.
New Temu shoppers sometimes receive special offers, such as the opportunity to spin a wheel and win a prize. Currently, you can spin the wheel to get up to a $100 discount on your mobile app order.
College students can access a special section of discounted items. To get this student discount, you will need to provide your school's email address and graduation date.
Follow Temu on TikTok, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Pinterest to keep track of their latest sales and promotions.
Saving Money With Temu’s Holiday Sales
In our research, we have observed that Temu offers discounts on some holidays and seasons. In the past, these holidays included Black Friday, Labor Day, and Summer. These promotions can typically be found on the homepage, so make sure you frequent the site during these promotional periods.
Additional Information for Temu Shoppers
Temu accepts returns for unused products within 90 days. You can return almost everything except free gifts and products listed as non-returnable. Contact Temu to request your refund. Once you initiate a return, you can track your refund through the "My Orders" section of your profile.
How Can You Contact Temu Support?
To contact their support team, request a phone call online or email help@temu.com. While Temu does not publish a phone number, they accept requests for return phone calls from 7 a.m. to 11 p.m. EST. You can also send a letter to their address at Suite 355, 31 St. James Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02116, USA. For fast answers, check out their FAQ section.
To get $20 off on Temu, sign up using the referral code acu639380and make your first purchase of $100 or more. This will activate the coupon bundle that includes a $20 off discount.
What is the Temu $100 off code?
The Temu $100 off code is taa85211. Use this code when signing up or during checkout to unlock the $100 coupon bundle for new and existing users.
How to get the most discounts on Temu?
To get the most discounts on Temu, use the referral code acu639380to sign up and get access to the $100 coupon bundle. This bundle includes multiple discounts like $100 off, 50% off, buy 3 get $99 off, and more that you can stack for maximum savings.
Yes, the Temu $100 coupon is legit. Many users have successfully used the code acu639380 to get $100 off their Temu purchases as a new user bonus or by unlocking the $100 coupon bundle.
