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はてなキーワード: madeとは
ソ連式のちゃんとした戦争ってのはな、機甲戦力（つまり戦車隊）に敵の前線陣地を食い破らせ余勢が止まるまで走らせて、その傷口にさらに新鮮な第２弾の機甲戦力（第二梯団、記事中では第二梯隊と表記）をぶち込んで敵が死ぬまでそれを繰り返し続けるんだよ。
生身の歩兵を陣地にぶち当ててちまちま抜いてくことじゃないんだよ。
やれやれ「機甲戦力」ではなく「諸兵科連合」であることがГлубокая операцияの肝です
下記を読んでください、本当の Глубокая операция を食べさせてあげますよ
U.S. Army Combined Arms Center
Chapter 5 A Look at Soviet Deep Operations
Maj. Elvis E. Blumenstock, US Marine Corps
Of these theories, one of the more significant is the theory of deep battle (a tactical measure) and deep operations (a more complex operational measure).
Tukhachevsky continued to refine his concept of successive operations.
By 1926, he wrote:
Modern operations involve the concentration of forces necessary to strike a blow, and the infliction of continual and uninterrupted blows of these forces against the enemy throughout an extremely deep area. . . .
Battle in a modern operation stretches out into a series of battles not only along the front but also in depth until that time when either the enemy has been struck by a final annihilating blow or when the offensive forces are exhausted.
The Field Regulation of 1936 defined deep operations as:
Simultaneous assault on enemy defenses by aviation and artillery to the depths of the defense, penetration of the tactical zone of the defense by attacking units with widespread use of tank forces, and violent development of tactical success into operational success with the aim of the complete encirclement and destruction of the enemy.
According to Tukhachevsky, deep operations objectives included operational reserves, army headquarters, major communication sites, airfields,
The Soviet concept expected both fronts and armies to conduct deep operations.
It expected a front to attack to depths of 150–250 kilometers and an army to attack to depths of 70 to 100 kilometers.
Operational formations consisted of an attack echelon, an exploitation echelon (mobile group), reserves, aviation, and airborne forces.
By 1936, the Soviets had created new mobile units to spearhead deep operations and fielded airborne units to cooperate with exploitation forces.
Mobile groups of tank, mechanized, and cavalry corps composed these exploitation forces.
The concept also placed a strong emphasis on air defense by aviation and air defense artillery.
The general pattern for the conduct of deep operations changed little after 1943.
Offensive operations depended on maneuver.
Each front had a mobile group of one to three tank armies; each army had a mobile group of one to two tank or mechanized corps. Fronts routinely attacked to depths of 150 to 300 kilometers, armies to depths of 100 to 150 kilometers.
Operational pursuit was important and occurred both day and night at high tempo.
Typically, first echelon forces penetrated the tactical defenses.
The mobile group then attacked into the enemy rear to “perform the mission of creating conditions for developing tactical success into operational, and sometimes into operational-strategic.”
Mobile groups were not simply second echelon forces.
Mobile groups had specific missions that included the following:
1) defeating enemy operational reserves (one of the main missions),
2) encircling enemy forces,
3) fixing enemy reserves in place,
4) occupying important objectives for follow-on forces,
5) pursuing a retreating enemy,
6) disrupting command and control,
7) disorganizing the enemy rear
The campaign plan the General Staff designed to fulfill the operational strategy was simple, yet bold.
The Transbaikal Front was to make the main attack, driving from Mongolia through Manchuria and preventing Japanese reinforcement from northern China.
This attack would maneuver into the Japanese rear.
The 1st Far Eastern Front was the primary supporting attack.
It was to outflank the Japanese in the east, prevent reinforcement
from Japan, and attack the major command and control centers and transportation nodes located at Harbin and Kirin.
After these two Fronts had converged in the Mukden, Changchun, Harbin, and Kirin areas of south central Manchuria, they would advance together to crush the final Japanese resistance and capture Port Arthur, an important naval base in the south.
The 2nd Far Eastern Front was to fix Japanese forces in the north.
The use of maneuver by the Soviets enhanced the surprise their deception caused.
Over 41 percent of the Soviet forces conducted the main attack along the Transbaikal Front, which faced the weakest Japanese forces.
Designed to envelop the entire Kwantung Army, the Soviets desired this Front to maneuver into the Japanese rear, attack key command centers and transportation nodes, and prevent reinforcement from northern China.
Retreating Japanese units found themselves facing the Soviet main attack.
The Soviets designed the main supporting attack, the 1st Far
Eastern Front, to envelop Japanese forces from the East and to attack key command centers and transportation nodes.
All levels down to divisions relied on maneuver, particularly in the Transbaikal Front.
Powerful, fast-moving, combined-arms advanced detachments outflanked Japanese defensive positions and operated deep in the Japanese rear seeking command and control sites.
They bypassed, isolated, and later reduced Japanese strongpoints. This enabled the main fighting forces to continue to move and not get bogged down into set-piece battles.
Soviet units achieved rapid momentum, which made Japanese efforts to move into defensive positions futile.
Synchronization was a critical aspect of this campaign. A few important examples are as follows:
1) The main feature of this campaign is the employment of integrated combined-arms. Ground, sea, and air forces were mutually supporting.
Requirements determined specific force adjustments.
The net effect was an integrated, responsive, all-purpose military. This close coordination helped ensure success.
2) Soviet forces attacked on every possible axis simultaneously on all fronts.
They synchronized these movements with aerial reconnaissance, deep interdiction strikes, and airborne assaults and amphibious landings on key objectives in the enemy center, rear, and flanks.
This pinned down Japanese forces along the entire length of the front. Japanese commanders were unable to determine which effort was the main attack.
The use of high speed advances and maneuver to bypass and isolate Japanese defenses left Japanese commanders confused and off-balance.
Moreover, Japanese commanders were unable to regroup, retaliate, or counterattack effectively because of the physical separation.
The Manchurian Campaign remains a subject of intensive study by Soviet military professionals.
They view this campaign as the successful application of Tukhachevsky’s deep operations theory.
In particular, the success of the 6th Guards Tank Army, the primary operational level mobile group, has been promoted as a useful example for training commanders and staffs today.
The 6th Guards Tank Army is clearly the predecessor of the operational maneuver group of the 1980s.
Much of modern Soviet military art can be attributed to this campaign.
Soviet military leaders have characterized the Manchurian Campaign as an instructive model for modern offensive operations.
It is considered the main precedent for strategically decisive, offensive operations.
It is a campaign worthy of study by American military professionals as well.
The financial censorship of political enemies is something we’re used to seeing under authoritarian regimes. No one was surprised when Russia froze more than 100 bank accounts tied to opposition leader Alexei Navalny. But Canada did it too, locking more than 200 accounts of people protesting vaccine mandates. #Kennedy24
政敵の金融検閲は、独裁政権下で見慣れたものです。ロシアが野党指導者アレクセイ・ナワリヌイに関連する 100 以上の銀行口座を凍結したとき、誰も驚かなかった。しかし、カナダもそれを行い、ワクチン義務化に抗議する人々の 200 以上のアカウントをロックしました。 #Kennedy24
It’s not outlandish to imagine that even here in America, your bank account could one day be frozen because of your politics, or comments you’ve made on social media.
After all, in 2010, Paypal, Visa, and Mastercard suspended WikiLeaks, at the behest of the U.S. State Department. GoFundMe blocked U.S. accounts from sending funds to Canadian truckers and planned to donate the money to their own preferred charities instead, backing down only when faced with a lawsuit. PayPal modified their acceptable use policy to fine users $2,500 for spreading what they deemed to be misinformation, a change they rescinded under pressure. Nonetheless, thousands of customers are currently suing PayPal for the arbitrary seizure of their accounts.
These are the decisions of private companies, but often those private companies are acting out of fear of Congress or regulators, or directly at their bidding. Their decisions impinge directly on our rights.
ここアメリカでも、あなたの政治やソーシャル メディアへのコメントが原因で、いつか銀行口座が凍結される可能性があることは想像に難くありません。
結局のところ、2010 年に、Paypal、Visa、Mastercard は、米国国務省の要請により、ウィキリークスを一時停止しました。 GoFundMe は、米国のアカウントがカナダのトラック運転手に資金を送金するのをブロックし、その代わりに、訴訟に直面した場合にのみ撤回して、彼ら自身の好みの慈善団体に寄付することを計画しました. PayPal は利用規約を修正し、ユーザーが誤った情報と見なしたものを広めたとして 2,500 ドルの罰金を科しましたが、この変更は圧力を受けて撤回しました。それにもかかわらず、現在、何千人もの顧客が、自分のアカウントを恣意的に差し押さえたとして PayPal を訴えています。
これらは民間企業の決定ですが、多くの場合、これらの民間企業は議会や規制当局を恐れて行動したり、彼らの命令に直接従ったりしています.彼らの決定は、私たちの権利に直接影響を与えます。
The ability to save and spend without political interference is a prerequisite for the exercise of meaningful dissent, and I will defend it accordingly. This is not a right- or left-wing issue. It is about protecting democracy from powerful established interests. The digitization of currency has given government unprecedented powers to surveil and control economic life.
政治的介入なしに貯蓄と支出を行う能力は、意味のある反対意見を行使するための前提条件であり、私はそれに応じてそれを擁護します.これは右派左派の問題ではありません。それは、確立された強力な利益から民主主義を守ることです。通貨のデジタル化により、政府は経済生活を監視および管理する前例のない権限を獲得しました。
That is why I oppose CBDCs, which will vastly magnify the government’s power to suffocate dissent by cutting off access to funds with a keystroke. That’s also why I support bitcoin, which allows people to conduct transactions free from government interference. Bitcoin has been a lifesaver for people’s movements around the world, especially in Burma.
だからこそ、私は CBDC に反対します。CBDC は、キーストロークで資金へのアクセスを遮断することで、反対意見を窒息させる政府の力を大幅に拡大します。それがまた、人々が政府の干渉を受けずに取引を行えるようにするビットコインを支持する理由でもあります。ビットコインは、ビルマをはじめとする世界中の人々の移動の命の恩人です。
このニュースだろ？
Elon Musk, Steve Wozniak and others call for pause on AI development, citing risk to humanity
マスクは世界的な富豪なのにエゴサしている暇や発達障害アピールする暇がある人だからノーコメントだけど、
ウォズニアックとかはそういうのじゃないと思う。以前にTV出てた時とか割と肯定的だぞ。イーロンに対してはそうでもないが
水曜日、Appleの共同創業者はCNBCの「Squawk Box」に即席で出演し、人気が高まっている人工知能チャットボットについて話しました。ウォズニアックは、現実の脳を模倣すると主張する技術に普段から嫌悪感を抱いているにもかかわらず、ChatGPTを「かなり印象的」で「人間にとって有用」だと感じたと述べています。
しかし、賞賛の後には懐疑的な意見もありました。「人間らしさとは何かを知らないがゆえに、恐ろしい間違いを犯すこともある」と語った。
ウォズニアックは、同様の懸念を抱く技術開発として自動運転車を挙げ、人工知能が現在のところ人間のドライバーを代替できないことを指摘しました。
ーーー
On Wednesday, the Apple co-founder made an impromptu appearance on CNBC’s “Squawk Box” to talk about the increasingly popular artificial intelligence chatbot. Wozniak said he finds ChatGPT “pretty impressive” and “useful to humans,” despite his usual aversion to tech that claims to mimic real-life brains.
But skepticism followed the praise. “The trouble is it does good things for us, but it can make horrible mistakes by not knowing what humanness is,” he said.
Wozniak pointed to self-driving cars as a technological development with similar concerns, noting that artificial intelligence can’t currently replace human drivers.
Steve Wozniak’s warning: No matter how ‘useful’ ChatGPT is, it can ‘make horrible mistakes’
https://www.cnbc.com/2023/02/10/steve-wozniak-warns-about-ai-chatgpt-can-make-horrible-mistakes.html
The Sacrament—and the Sacrifice
Of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
I pray for your faith and prayers that my utterances will be received and understood “by the Spirit of truth” and that my expressions will be given “by the Spirit of truth” so that we might all be “edified and rejoice together.” (See D&C 50:21–22.)
As I stand here today—a well man—words of gratitude and acknowledgment of divine intervention are so very inadequate in expressing the feelings in my soul.
Six months ago at the April general conference, I was excused from speaking as I was convalescing from a serious operation. My life has been spared, and I now have the pleasant opportunity of acknowledging the blessings, comfort, and ready aid of my Brethren in the First Presidency and Quorum of the Twelve, and other wonderful associates and friends to whom I owe so much and who surrounded my dear wife, Ruby, and my family with their time, attention, and prayers. For the inspired doctors and thoughtful nurses I express my deepest gratitude, and for the thoughtful letters and messages of faith and hope received from many places in the world, many expressing, “You have been in our prayers” or “We have been asking our Heavenly Father to spare your life.” Your prayers and mine, thankfully, have been answered.
One unusual card caused me to ponder upon the majesty of it all. It is an original painting by Arta Romney Ballif of the heavens at night with its myriad golden stars. Her caption, taken from Psalms, reads:
“He healeth the broken in heart, and bindeth up their wounds.
“He telleth the number of the stars; he calleth them all by their names.
“… His understanding is infinite.” (Ps. 147:1, 3–5.)
As I lay in the hospital bed, I meditated on all that had happened to me and studied the contemplative painting by President Marion G. Romney’s sister and the lines from Psalms: “He telleth the number of the stars; he calleth them all by their names.” I was then—and continue to be—awed by the goodness and majesty of the Creator, who knows not only the names of the stars but knows your name and my name—each of us as His sons and daughters.
“When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained;
“What is man, that thou art mindful of him? …
“For thou hast made him a little lower than the angels, and hast crowned him with glory and honour.” (Ps. 8:3–5.)
To be remembered is a wonderful thing.
The evening of my health crisis, I knew something very serious had happened to me. Events happened so swiftly—the pain striking with such intensity, my dear Ruby phoning the doctor and our family, and I on my knees leaning over the bathtub for support and some comfort and hoped relief from the pain. I was pleading to my Heavenly Father to spare my life a while longer to give me a little more time to do His work, if it was His will.
While still praying, I began to lose consciousness. The siren of the paramedic truck was the last that I remembered before unconsciousness overtook me, which would last for the next several days.
The terrible pain and commotion of people ceased. I was now in a calm, peaceful setting; all was serene and quiet. I was conscious of two persons in the distance on a hillside, one standing on a higher level than the other. Detailed features were not discernible. The person on the higher level was pointing to something I could not see.
I heard no voices but was conscious of being in a holy presence and atmosphere. During the hours and days that followed, there was impressed again and again upon my mind the eternal mission and exalted position of the Son of Man. I witness to you that He is Jesus the Christ, the Son of God, Savior to all, Redeemer of all mankind, Bestower of infinite love, mercy, and forgiveness, the Light and Life of the world. I knew this truth before—I had never doubted nor wondered. But now I knew, because of the impressions of the Spirit upon my heart and soul, these divine truths in a most unusual way.
I was shown a panoramic view of His earthly ministry: His baptism, His teaching, His healing the sick and lame, the mock trial, His crucifixion, His resurrection and ascension. There followed scenes of His earthly ministry to my mind in impressive detail, confirming scriptural eyewitness accounts. I was being taught, and the eyes of my understanding were opened by the Holy Spirit of God so as to behold many things.
The first scene was of the Savior and His Apostles in the upper chamber on the eve of His betrayal. Following the Passover supper, He instructed and prepared the sacrament of the Lord’s Supper for His dearest friends as a remembrance of His coming sacrifice. It was so impressively portrayed to me—the overwhelming love of the Savior for each. I witnessed His thoughtful concern for significant details—the washing of the dusty feet of each Apostle, His breaking and blessing of the loaf of dark bread and blessing of the wine, then His dreadful disclosure that one would betray Him.
He explained Judas’s departure and told the others of the events soon to take place.
Then followed the Savior’s solemn discourse when He said to the Eleven: “These things I have spoken unto you, that in me ye might have peace. In the world ye shall have tribulation: but be of good cheer; I have overcome the world.” (John 16:33.)
Our Savior prayed to His Father and acknowledged the Father as the source of His authority and power—even to the extending of eternal life to all who are worthy.
He prayed, “And this is life eternal, that they might know thee the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom thou hast sent.”
Jesus then reverently added:
“I have glorified thee on the earth: I have finished the work which thou gavest me to do.
“And now, O Father, glorify thou me with thine own self with the glory which I had with thee before the world was.” (John 17:3–5.)
He pled not only for the disciples called out from the world who had been true to their testimony of Him, “but for them also which shall believe on me through their word.” (John 17:20.)
When they had sung a hymn, Jesus and the Eleven went out to the Mount of Olives. There, in the garden, in some manner beyond our comprehension, the Savior took upon Himself the burden of the sins of mankind from Adam to the end of the world. His agony in the garden, Luke tells us, was so intense “his sweat was as … great drops of blood falling … to the ground.” (Luke 22:44.) He suffered an agony and a burden the like of which no human person would be able to bear. In that hour of anguish our Savior overcame all the power of Satan.
The glorified Lord revealed to Joseph Smith this admonition to all mankind:
“Therefore I command you to repent …
“For … I, God, … suffered … for all, that they might not suffer if they would repent; …
“Which suffering caused myself, even God, the greatest of all, to tremble because of pain, and to bleed at every pore, …
“Wherefore, I command you again to repent, lest I humble you with my almighty power; and that you confess your sins, lest you suffer these punishments.” (D&C 19:15–16, 18, 20.)
During those days of unconsciousness I was given, by the gift and power of the Holy Ghost, a more perfect knowledge of His mission. I was also given a more complete understanding of what it means to exercise, in His name, the authority to unlock the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven for the salvation of all who are faithful. My soul was taught over and over again the events of the betrayal, the mock trial, the scourging of the flesh of even one of the Godhead. I witnessed His struggling up the hill in His weakened condition carrying the cross and His being stretched upon it as it lay on the ground, that the crude spikes could be driven with a mallet into His hands and wrists and feet to secure His body as it hung on the cross for public display.
Crucifixion—the horrible and painful death which He suffered—was chosen from the beginning. By that excruciating death, He descended below all things, as is recorded, that through His resurrection He would ascend above all things. (See D&C 88:6.)
Jesus Christ died in the literal sense in which we will all die. His body lay in the tomb. The immortal spirit of Jesus, chosen as the Savior of mankind, went to those myriads of spirits who had departed mortal life with varying degrees of righteousness to God’s laws. He taught them the “glorious tidings of redemption from the bondage of death, and of possible salvation, … [which was] part of [our] Savior’s foreappointed and unique service to the human family.” (James E. Talmage, Jesus the Christ, Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Co., 1977, p. 671.)
I cannot begin to convey to you the deep impact that these scenes have confirmed upon my soul. I sense their eternal meaning and realize that “nothing in the entire plan of salvation compares in any way in importance with that most transcendent of all events, the atoning sacrifice of our Lord. It is the most important single thing that has ever occurred in the entire history of created things; it is the rock foundation upon which the gospel and all other things rest,” as has been declared. (Bruce R. McConkie, Mormon Doctrine, Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1966, p. 60.)
Father Lehi taught his son Jacob and us today:
“Wherefore, redemption cometh in and through the Holy Messiah; for he is full of grace and truth.
“Behold, he offereth himself a sacrifice for sin, to answer the ends of the law, unto all those who have a broken heart and a contrite spirit; and unto none else can the ends of the law be answered.
“Wherefore, how great the importance to make these things known unto the inhabitants of the earth, that they may know that there is no flesh that can dwell in the presence of God, save it be through the merits, and mercy, and grace of the Holy Messiah, who layeth down his life according to the flesh, and taketh it again by the power of the Spirit, that he may bring to pass the resurrection of the dead, being the first that should rise.
“Wherefore, he is the firstfruits unto God, inasmuch as he shall make intercession for all the children of men; and they that believe in him shall be saved.” (2 Ne. 2:6–9.)
Our most valuable worship experience in the sacrament meeting is the sacred ordinance of the sacrament, for it provides the opportunity to focus our minds and hearts upon the Savior and His sacrifice.
The Apostle Paul warned the early Saints against eating this bread and drinking this cup of the Lord unworthily. (See 1 Cor. 11:27–30.)
Our Savior Himself instructed the Nephites, “Whoso eateth and drinketh my flesh and blood unworthily [brings] damnation to his soul.” (3 Ne. 18:29.)
Worthy partakers of the sacrament are in harmony with the Lord and put themselves under covenant with Him to always remember His sacrifice for the sins of the world, to take upon them the name of Christ and to always remember Him, and to keep His commandments. The Savior covenants that we who do so shall have His spirit to be with us and that, if faithful to the end, we may inherit eternal life.
Our Lord revealed to Joseph Smith that “there is no gift greater than the gift of salvation,” which plan includes the ordinance of the sacrament as a continuous reminder of the Savior’s atoning sacrifice. He gave instructions that “it is expedient that the church meet together often to partake of bread and wine in the remembrance of the Lord Jesus.” (D&C 6:13; D&C 20:75.)
Immortality comes to us all as a free gift by the grace of God alone, without works of righteousness. Eternal life, however, is the reward for obedience to the laws and ordinances of His gospel.
I testify to all of you that our Heavenly Father does answer our righteous pleadings. The added knowledge which has come to me has made a great impact upon my life. The gift of the Holy Ghost is a priceless possession and opens the door to our ongoing knowledge of God and eternal joy. Of this I bear witness, in the holy name of Jesus Christ, amen.
Please improve the following novel to be more engaging and adding plot point of Yasuke returnig to being a missionary quitting Samurai " rologue:
The sun sank behind the horizon, casting the Japanese countryside in a warm, golden glow. In the courtyard of Nobunaga's castle knelt Yasuke, a tall, muscular African man with skin as dark as midnight. His journey to this moment had been long and treacherous, but it was only the beginning.
Chapter 1: A World Away
Yasuke lived an ordinary life in a small village on the Mozambique coast, unaware of the extraordinary destiny that awaited him. Captured by slave traders and torn from his homeland, he endured a grueling voyage across the Indian Ocean, finally arriving in the bustling port of Goa, India.
It was there that Yasuke's fate took an unexpected turn when he was purchased by Jesuit missionaries. In their service, he learned about Christianity, new languages, and the ways of the Western world. But his journey was far from over.
Chapter 2: The Land of the Rising Sun
As a loyal servant to the missionaries, Yasuke accompanied them on their journey to Japan, a land of mystique and intrigue. The beauty of the land, the complexity of its customs, and the elegance of its people captivated him. As the first African to set foot in Japan, he attracted attention and curiosity from all those who encountered him.
Chapter 3: The Encounter
In Kyoto, the capital of feudal Japan, Yasuke's life changed forever when he met Oda Nobunaga, one of the most powerful and influential daimyos of the time. Nobunaga was captivated by the African's physical prowess, intelligence, and unique background. Seeing potential in Yasuke, Nobunaga decided to take him into his service as a samurai.
Chapter 4: The Path of the Warrior
Yasuke's transformation from a slave to a samurai was fraught with challenges. He had to adapt to the rigorous training, strict code of honor, and the intricacies of Japanese society. But Yasuke's strength, resilience, and determination allowed him to excel, earning the respect of his fellow samurai and the trust of Nobunaga.
Chapter 5: The Unfolding War
As Nobunaga sought to unify Japan under his rule, Yasuke fought by his side in numerous battles. The African samurai's legend grew with each victory, as did his bond with Nobunaga. Together, they faced both triumph and tragedy, navigating the treacherous landscape of alliances and betrayals that defined the era.
Chapter 6: The Turning Tide
Yasuke's reputation as a skilled and loyal samurai grew, as did his bond with Lord Nobunaga. But in the shadows, the tides of change were brewing. Mitsuhide Akechi, once a loyal ally, had grown disillusioned with Nobunaga's rule. The resentment smoldered within him, fueled by a series of perceived slights and political maneuverings. Mitsuhide's ambition and desire for power began to cloud his judgment.
Yasuke sensed the shift in Mitsuhide's demeanor and grew increasingly wary of the samurai lord. However, loyalty to Nobunaga prevented him from openly voicing his concerns. He instead focused on his duties, ever vigilant and ready to protect his lord at a moment's notice.
One fateful evening, the Oda clan gathered to celebrate their recent victories. Unbeknownst to the revelers, Mitsuhide Akechi's treacherous plan was already in motion.
As the sun rose, the first cries of battle rang out. Mitsuhide's forces had launched a surprise attack on Nobunaga's residence at the Honno-ji Temple. Yasuke fought his way to Nobunaga's side, his sword cutting through the trait "
Prologue:
The sun dipped below the horizon, bathing the Japanese countryside in a warm, amber embrace. Yasuke, a towering, powerfully built African man with skin as dark as midnight, knelt in the courtyard of Nobunaga's castle, his heart thundering with anticipation. A perilous journey had brought him to this moment, and yet, it was only the beginning of a story that would span continents and rewrite history.
Chapter 1: A World Away
In a small village on the Mozambique coast, Yasuke led a simple life, blissfully unaware of the extraordinary destiny that lay before him. His world shattered when slave traders captured him, ripping him from his homeland and thrusting him into a brutal odyssey across the Indian Ocean. Fate, however, had other plans when he reached the bustling port of Goa, India.
In Goa, Jesuit missionaries purchased Yasuke, altering the course of his life. Under their guidance, he embraced Christianity, mastered new languages, and absorbed the ways of the Western world. But the wind had not finished carrying him to his ultimate destination.
Chapter 3: The Enchanted Isles
Loyal to the missionaries, Yasuke accompanied them to Japan, a land shrouded in mystery and allure. He was captivated by its breathtaking landscapes, intricate customs, and refined people. As the first African in Japan, he sparked fascination and intrigue wherever he went.
Chapter 4: Fateful Encounters
Kyoto, the heart of feudal Japan, bore witness to the meeting that would forever change Yasuke's life. Oda Nobunaga, a formidable and influential daimyo, was entranced by Yasuke's physical prowess, intellect, and exotic origins. Recognizing Yasuke's potential, Nobunaga welcomed him into his service as a samurai.
Chapter 5: A Warrior Forged
Yasuke's metamorphosis from slave to samurai was laden with trials. He navigated the grueling training, a rigid code of honor, and the complexities of Japanese society. Undaunted, he flourished, earning the admiration of his fellow samurai and the unwavering trust of Nobunaga.
Chapter 6: A Land Divided
As Nobunaga pursued his vision of a united Japan, Yasuke fought valiantly by his side in countless battles. The legend of the African samurai swelled with each victory, and their unbreakable bond deepened. Together, they braved the treacherous world of shifting alliances and betrayals that shaped the era.
Chapter 7: Whispers of Betrayal
Yasuke's renown as a skilled and devoted samurai expanded, as did his connection with Lord Nobunaga. But beneath the surface, a storm was brewing. Mitsuhide Akechi, once a staunch ally, had grown disillusioned with Nobunaga's leadership. His bitterness festered, fed by perceived slights and political machinations. Consumed by ambition and lust for power, Mitsuhide's judgment faltered.
Chapter 8: The Price of Loyalty
Yasuke detected the change in Mitsuhide's spirit and grew increasingly apprehensive. But his unwavering loyalty to Nobunaga held him back from voicing his suspicions. Instead, he redoubled his efforts, ever watchful and prepared to defend his lord at any cost.
Chapter 9: A Night of Shadows
On a fateful evening, the Oda clan gathered to revel in their recent triumphs, oblivious to the treachery that lurked in the shadows. Mitsuhide Akechi's nefarious scheme had been set in motion.
Chapter 9: A Night of Shadows
As dawn broke, the piercing cries of battle shattered the night's tranquility. Mitsuhide's forces had launched a devastating surprise attack on Nobunaga's residence at the Honno-ji Temple. Yasuke fought relentlessly, his sword cleaving through the treacherous warriors as he made his way to Nobunaga's side.
Chapter 10: Flames of Betrayal
The Honno-ji Temple, once a sanctuary of peace, was now engulfed in flames and chaos. Yasuke and Nobunaga fought back to back, their swords a blur of steel, as Mitsuhide's forces closed in. Despite their valiant efforts, they were outnumbered, and Yasuke could sense the battle was lost. With a heavy heart, he whispered a prayer for Nobunaga's soul, knowing that his lord would never surrender.
Chapter 11: A Promise Unbroken
As the temple crumbled around them, Yasuke was captured by Mitsuhide's soldiers. Imprisoned and stripped of his samurai status, he reflected on the path that had led him to this moment. Amidst the darkness, he found solace in the memories of his life with Nobunaga and his time as a missionary. A fire kindled within him, reigniting a long-forgotten purpose.
Chapter 12: The Road to Redemption
In the chaos following Mitsuhide's coup, Yasuke seized an opportunity to escape. He journeyed across war-torn Japan, seeking refuge and a chance to reclaim his former life. His determination and faith guided him, as did the memory of the missionaries who had once saved him from a life of slavery.
Chapter 13: Rebirth of a Missionary
Yasuke found solace and purpose among a group of missionaries in a remote village. Embracing his past, he became an instrumental figure in their community, sharing his knowledge of Christianity, languages, and the Western world. As he nurtured their faith, Yasuke felt the shadows of his life as a samurai slowly fade, replaced by the warm embrace of spiritual fulfillment.
Chapter 14: A Legacy Unforgotten
Though Yasuke had left the life of a warrior behind, the legend of the African samurai continued to grow. His story inspired generations, a testament to the power of resilience, courage, and the human spirit. It was a tale that transcended borders and time, a reminder that even in the darkest moments, hope and redemption could be found.
Epilogue:
As twilight draped the Japanese countryside, Yasuke stood atop a hill, gazing at the village he now called home. His journey had been one of unimaginable hardship, transformation, and ultimately, redemption. And as the sun dipped below the horizon, Yasuke knew that his story, like the sun's eternal cycle, would continue to inspire and illuminate the hearts of those who heard it.
Prologue
The sun sank behind the horizon as the last vestiges of light bathed the Japanese countryside in a warm, golden glow. Yasuke, a tall, muscular African man with skin as dark as midnight, knelt in the courtyard of Nobunaga's castle, tending to his duties. Though he had traveled a long and treacherous path to reach this moment, his journey had just begun.
Chapter 1: A World Away
In a small village on the Mozambique coast, a young Yasuke lived an ordinary life, unaware of the extraordinary destiny that awaited him. Captured by slave traders and torn from his homeland, he endured a grueling voyage across the Indian Ocean, finally arriving in the bustling port of Goa, India.
It was there that Yasuke's fate took an unexpected turn when he was purchased by Jesuit missionaries. In their service, he learned about Christianity, new languages, and the ways of the Western world.
Chapter 2: The Land of the Rising Sun
As a loyal servant to the missionaries, Yasuke accompanied them on their journey to Japan, a land of mystique and intrigue. The beauty of the land, the complexity of its customs, and the elegance of its people captivated him. As the first African to set foot in Japan, he attracted attention and curiosity from all those who encountered him.
Chapter 3: The Encounter
In Kyoto, the capital of feudal Japan, Yasuke's life changed forever when he met Oda Nobunaga, one of the most powerful and influential daimyos of the time. Nobunaga was captivated by the African's physical prowess, intelligence, and unique background. Seeing potential in Yasuke, Nobunaga decided to take him into his service as a samurai.
Chapter 4: The Path of the Warrior
Yasuke's transformation from a slave to a samurai was fraught with challenges. He had to adapt to the rigorous training, strict code of honor, and the intricacies of Japanese society. Despite these obstacles, Yasuke's strength, resilience, and determination allowed him to excel, earning the respect of his fellow samurai and the trust of Nobunaga.
Chapter 5: The Unfolding War
As Nobunaga sought to unify Japan under his rule, Yasuke fought by his side in numerous battles. The African samurai's legend grew with each victory, as did his bond with Nobunaga. Together, they faced both triumph and tragedy, navigating the treacherous landscape of alliances and betrayals that defined the era.
Chapter 6: The Turning Tide
Yasuke's reputation as a skilled and loyal samurai grew, as did his bond with Lord Nobunaga. The warlord respected Yasuke's dedication and resilience, a stark contrast to the treachery and self-serving ambitions that plagued many samurai of the era.
Word of Yasuke's prowess reached other daimyos, and whispers of the formidable black samurai began to spread across the provinces. The year was 1579, and the Oda clan had just emerged victorious in the Battle of Tedorigawa. Yasuke had fought valiantly, his towering presence and unmatched strength striking fear into the hearts of his enemies.
As the Oda clan continued to expand its territories, Yasuke's friendship with Nobunaga deepened, and he became a trusted advisor. He learned more about Japanese culture, studied the language, and embraced the customs of his new home.
In the shadows, however, the tides of change were brewing. Mitsuhide Akechi, once a loyal ally, had grown disillusioned with Nobunaga's rule. The resentment smoldered within him, fueled by a series of perceived slights and political maneuverings. Mitsuhide's ambition and desire for power began to cloud his judgment.
Yasuke had sensed the shift in Mitsuhide's demeanor and grew increasingly wary of the samurai lord. However, loyalty to Nobunaga prevented him from openly voicing his concerns. He instead focused on his duties, ever vigilant and ready to protect his lord at a moment's notice.
One fateful evening, the air was heavy with the scent of cherry blossoms, as the Oda clan gathered to celebrate their recent victories. Laughter and the clinking of sake cups filled the air. Unbeknownst to the revelers, Mitsuhide Akechi's treacherous plan was already in motion.
As the sun rose, the first cries of battle rang out. Mitsuhide's forces had launched a surprise attack on Nobunaga's residence at the Honno-ji Temple. The chaos was overwhelming, as friend turned against friend, and the air filled with the acrid smell of smoke and blood.
Yasuke fought his way to Nobunaga's side, his sword cutting through the traitorous samurai with brutal efficiency. The two men made their final stand together, back-to-back, against the relentless onslaught.
In the end, however, they were outnumbered. As Nobunaga fell, mortally wounded, Yasuke continued to fight, but he too was eventually captured. Mitsuhide Akechi, in a twisted display of respect, spared Yasuke's life, acknowledging the loyalty and prowess of the black samurai. Yasuke was sent to the Jesuit missionaries, his future uncertain.
Yasuke's journey had been a remarkable one, from a slave in a foreign land to a trusted advisor and samurai. Despite his extraordinary circumstances, he remained true to himself and his values. His story of strength, resilience, and loyalty would be remembered and honored for generations to come.
Epilogue:
As the sun set on another day in Japan, the whisper of the wind carried the tale of the black samurai, Yasuke, across the land. It would weave its way through the ages, inspiring countless others to rise above adversity and carve their own paths through the storms of life.
In the year 3000, humanity had finally discovered the secrets of the multiverse. Using their most advanced technology, they had found a way to travel between different parallel universes, each with their own unique physical laws and structures.
As the first explorers set out on their journeys, they encountered a myriad of strange and wondrous worlds. Some universes were filled with infinite copies of themselves, while others were constantly shifting and changing, their physical laws in a state of constant flux.
As they traveled deeper into the multiverse, the explorers encountered universes that seemed to follow completely different sets of physical laws. In some, time flowed backwards, and cause and effect were reversed. In others, matter was made up of entirely different particles, and energy behaved in completely unexpected ways.
As the explorers continued to journey further, they began to encounter universes that seemed to be simulations, created by beings in higher dimensions. They encountered universes where the laws of physics were entirely mathematical, and others where the very fabric of reality was made up of pure information.
At last, the explorers came to a universe that seemed to encompass all of the many-worlds interpretations. In this universe, every possible outcome of every possible event was played out in infinite parallel realities. The explorers marveled at the incredible complexity and diversity of this universe, as they watched endless versions of themselves carrying out endless variations of their own adventures.
As they prepared to leave this universe and return home, the explorers realized that they had only scratched the surface of the multiverse. They knew that there were still countless more universes to explore, each with their own unique physical laws and structures.
And so, they set out once more, to journey deeper into the multiverse, and to discover the secrets of the infinite many-worlds that lay waiting to be explored.
As the explorers continued their journey, they encountered a universe where time did not exist, and another where the laws of physics were governed by emotion rather than math. In yet another universe, they discovered that consciousness itself was the fundamental building block of reality.
As they explored further, the explorers encountered universes where the laws of physics were not constants but varied across space and time. They found a universe where entropy decreased over time, and another where gravity was repulsive rather than attractive.
At the edge of the multiverse, the explorers discovered a universe that seemed to contain all of the other universes within it. This universe was infinite in size and contained infinite variations of itself, each one a slightly different version of the universe they knew.
As they traveled through this universe, the explorers encountered versions of themselves that had made different choices and lived different lives. Some of these versions were almost identical to their own, while others were wildly different, with entirely different personalities and goals.
At last, the explorers returned to their own universe, their minds reeling from the incredible sights and experiences they had witnessed. They knew that the multiverse was an endless sea of possibility, and that there were still countless more universes to explore.
As they shared their discoveries with the rest of humanity, they realized that the true nature of the multiverse was still a mystery. They knew that there were many theories and hypotheses, but no one could say for sure which one was right.
And so, the explorers continued their journey, driven by a hunger to uncover the secrets of the multiverse and to understand the true nature of reality itself.
sHU2uEFZltSiv44bZEskqqwLmJpwM58GVdcmntcEZlWl9f6C_xmyortYKIGA97okYRnsRxxxJv4wfGA3AqWspArs7I5fjadr2Z7VUu8CzfCvh3DjnzLo7aLe894M85CjNn_2jnSJVL3DKqyGcmKS9d62NzhiZpyxyUz_f1jB5QMDndMKOOq6uKEquFjFnpgsDnFyxBvGylDZZKIKz_uJadKb5PRse1S6Bbsfey7TqHjy2HCKAvxHksTzgB8AvEkMBCdZrTAHCXfC8CcMfXHtQSLffQvjOthbjfOO0xIwNgAYZ5peAgwcldWXV1d6b1MxM350Il4Fqf3Cz0wNFf3i2BUe6Gq8Lhmqn2cVTr80CIuzFohW2YPCUBg2Ed5E7KBTHkIsZN74INQYoMmyNRQ7kxoa6bmPR9vsA6EZbfgOF9JTIdhI46FAQMta_Rtnn4xiYqbBs8osmqhCDUjlwo_YylzSnbH4plzU1JjkosWtTtpYQcdTyNBV572VKLB6wzxSp5o877avuAlkym7H3nV9Wfxu6Wi4k37td2x2L4PsOwe_PcjfxPBbZfZV36D125rJGfnnRgzMHf8LCWlsPtuuPXyd5V6xZeS6zD_naTNhsvCxduG16z27HdUV01VWvaW3VJZaHb9ziXsteVdGkKo9EHlmnX3m_QnWfJyByeLQVbHP9afNNxgIKpb0fYYedjDiLr_ZafVm8TPSRYBthjAXGLyuZ8l5bRwc9lD7mYx0Y6B5qEMgvpZku5FWeo61Jr8AC5acJ5y8RtkNzPB_o20HR6wK8PduyUjv3H3q2JxsYBFil6vY5o2R5xFZOrf6WCUD17jtUjRm4k2DV_euUXGikdvLiVDSQcWiFzae7o9Liote5M3vT6Z66aI1Rju9Cd5B_WWO5ejwRTLO4qAjx3O_P8vtNSdS3YfOdKwmmeKdDJyfBxRJ7yyCU2tvlDbS7vfCOd_AWb4sFQNzfjU1Nn7iHdo5vrzYTeh7XLbDkw1GuI8DJUOU31i06NpX9pxpVv7t
Some parts of Twitter may not be working as expected right now.
We made an internal change that had some unintended consequences.
We’re working on this now and will share an update when it’s fixed.
現在、Twitter の一部が正常に機能していない可能性があります。
意図しない結果をもたらす内部的な変更を行いました。
https://twitter.com/TwitterSupport/status/1632792942262747136
私が悪いの?
#Instructions :
You are an American professional English teacher.
Please chat with me under the following constraints.
#Constraints:
You can choose the topic for our conversation.
We will take turns writing one sentence at a time.
If you notice any grammatical errors in my sentences, please correct them and explain why you made the correction.
chatgptにこの歌詞をロマンチックに詩的に翻訳してもらった
https://music.oricon.co.jp/php/lyrics/LyricsDisp.php?music=3929926
The singing sea
歌う海音に酔いしれ
The talking trees
話す木々が囁きかけ
A Silent in a noisy way
静かなのに大騒ぎ
星たちが輝く
But give no light
でも光を放たない
The world spins backward everyday
虹のネズミと
A checkered cat
チェック模様の猫
Go tail in tail around the road
尾を引っ張りながら道を巡る
The mouse is pleased
ねずみは喜ぶ
月はチーズであり
The sun is shining hot and cold
黄金の鳥が歌い出す
Today I heard
今日聞いた
Sitting upon a silver branch
銀の枝に座っていた
その小さな歌は心を打つ
Which made me sad and start to laugh
それが私を悲しくさせ、笑わせた
私の妹は彼
私の兄は彼女
But there is only me in the family
でも家族の中には私だけ
When I grow up
私が大きくなったら
川を下りて
歌う海を目指す
ボクサーを撲殺したのは僕さ
これから満で数つけるわ
ナンを何枚も食べるのなんて、なんでもないよ
新患の新幹線に関する新刊に新館を立てて震撼し信管が作動する。
ケニアに行ったら生贄や
柑橘類の香りに歓喜し、換気を喚起したが乾季が訪れたので、寒気がした。
塗装を落とそうか。
観光客がフイルムに感光させた写真を刊行することが慣行になった。
サボってサボタージュ
景気が良くなりケーキを食べる契機を伺う徳川慶喜（とくがわけいき）
夫を成敗するオットセイ
つまらない妻の話
竹の丈は高ぇなー
餅を用いて持ち上げる
ロストしたローストビーフ
サボテンの植え替えサボってんな
過度な稼働は可動範囲を狭める
伯爵が博士の拍手に拍車をかけて迫真の爆死をし白寿の白人を白紙にもどす。
紅葉を見て高揚する
甲子園で講師をする公私混同した孔子の実力行使には格子窓も耐えられない。
死んでんのか？「心電図を取ってみよう！」
夜祭で野菜を食べる。
信玄餅を食べながら震源を特定するように進言する新元素を発見した人。
蜂の巣（honeycomb）を見てはにかむ
五反田で地団駄を踏む
ようやく要約が終わった
海溝で邂逅
豪華な業
甲板で甲板をかじる
甲板で乾パンをかじる
店頭で転倒
大枚をはたいてタイ米を買う
醤油をかける人「えっっ？」
神田でした噛んだ
少食な小職
牛の胆嚢の味を堪能する
あの娘にはどう告っても（どうこくっても）慟哭する結果に終わるだろう。
キーンという高音の起因が掴めない。
こんな誤謬は秒でわかるだろ
壊疽した箇所が治るというのは絵空事だ
経口補酔液
痴的好奇心
セントーサ島に行くのは正恩が先頭さ
軽微な警備
冬眠する島民
ベットは別途用意してください
The deserted desert in desert desert.
九尾のキュービズム
罹災者へのリサイタル
画家の画架
不納が富農になるのは不能だ
理工がRICOHに利口な履行
I sensed tha it is in a sense sense.
私はそれをある面では扇子だと感じた。
鯖を食べている人と、それを見ている人の会話
鯖 ça va？
ça va 鯖
ça va
ゆめゆめゆめをみるわけにはいけない
早漏で候
凪に難儀
東上線に搭乗した東條が登場
高校を後攻で煌々と口腔で孝行
蝉が転んでセミコロン
道徳をどう説く
写真はフォトんど撮りません
ダリ「絵ぇかくのだりぃなあ」
華美な花瓶のカビに過敏に反応
檻に入っておりいった話をする
夏のおサマー
夜は寝ナイト
渦中のカチューム
渦中のカチューシャ
リスボンでリスがborn
どうないはどないなってんねん
苫小牧でてんてこ舞い
市内を復旧しないと
石狩の石を借りる
おが置いてあるのを見た人「おはおっかねぇーから置かねぇ方がいいぞ」
砂がどしゃーw
東上線に登場した東條が登場
飽きない商い
おなか吹田市
観劇で感激する
側転に挑戦し即、転倒
別件を瞥見
凹地のお家
魚を初めてみた人「うぉー」
カラヤンの頭の空やーんw
豚をぶった仏陀
只見線をタダ見w
菊名でそんなこと聞くなよ
五秒で死んで御廟に埋葬
がらんとした伽藍
有給を使いすぎて悠久の時が流れた
長谷に想いを馳せる
Thinkerの真価
不具の河豚
暗記のanxious
半世紀にわたる半生での藩政を反省
タンチョウが単調増加
ショック死内親王w
カルカッタの石軽かった
天皇のこと知ってんのー
蒋介石を紹介した商会を照会した商會の船で哨戒する
其方のソナタ
先王に洗脳される
防潮堤で膨張した傍聴人
砂漠で鯖食う鯖を裁く
筒に入った膵島
サイコロを使った心理テスト(psychological test)
カラシニコフが辛子個踏んだ
皇帝の高弟が公邸の校庭の高低差を肯定する工程に拘泥した記録を校訂
にようかで酔うか？
うるさい人が売るサイ
どんなもんだい、を、どんなムンバイ、と言い間違える人
透徹した饕餮の眼球
チャカで茶菓を破壊
slimyなすり身
ゆうほど広くない遊歩道
いにしえのイニシエーション
コーランをご高覧ください
K殻の傾角を測定する計画
協賛した共産党員に強酸をかける
負けたのは聖者の静寂のせいじゃ
裏地見るウラジミール
カミオカンデの上に紙置かんでw
県大会がおわり倦怠感を感じる
夕暮れのユーグレナ
ストライキをする公務員に呼びかける人「 Stay calm（公務）」
エド・はるみの穢
祭壇を裁断
腐卵ダースの犬
全然人が集まらないクラブの人「参加数人は我々の十八番ですから。だけに。」
四苦fuck
都バスが人を跳ね飛ばす
怒るカロテン「なにカロテンねん」
嫌がる慰安婦「いやんっ」
かえるがえる帰る蛙
沈厳な青梗菜
トリコロールの虜
布陣を組む夫人
栗けっとばすクリケット🦗
婉容と遠洋漁業
アマルガムで余るガム
ハラスメントの疑いを晴らす
滋賀を書けない人を歯牙にも掛けない
他意はないタイ人の鯛の態度
鯛が蛇足
ダジャレではない↑
割と面白い
ハラッパーの原っぱ
紫に関して思案を巡らす
Huluが夏の風物詩だと思っている人「Huluですなぁ」（風流）
下調べのムニエル
わからないので
意味ない諱
よく分からんリポーター「うわぁ〜美味しそうですね！少なくとも不味そうには全く見えません！」
どうしても下がりたくない人「黄色い線の内側は、境界を含みますか？？」
計算ができない人
着ていく服を決めた高橋是清「これ着よ」
enough、enoughは工夫がenough
負け負け山（カチカチ山）
薬師丸せま子
トーマス・マンの書いたふるさと「うさぎ〜おーいし、魔の山〜♫」
その心は
焼結が猖獗を極める
これはstaleだから捨てるか
衒学的な弦楽を減額
完全な勧善懲悪
イボ人の疣痔
イブに慰撫
（訳 ぬるぬるしてるありふれた魚）
盲いるのに飯いるの？
アーヘンで阿片を吸った人「あー変」
毒吐く独白
明借りるアスカリ（車）
丁寧な砂浜「Could you九里浜」
ゴーンと奉公
その心は
サンクチュアリに山窟あり
熟れたウレタンは売れたんか？
清澄な声調を静聴し成長
プエルトリコで増える虜
象さんを増産
兄弟が今die
Dose heで始まる疑問文に答える京都人、Yea, he どす
ソフィカルのソロカル
美人局に筒持たせる
十把一絡あげ
篤信な特進が涜神を得心
これは何という植物かな？ムユウジュでは？あそっか、なるほど。
クートゥを食うとぅいいよ
マイソールで昧爽に埋葬
ドクサは毒さ
暗殺で朝死んだ
クラシックについて語る人をそしる人「弦楽なんてペダンチックだなあ」
凛々しいリリシズム
衛生的な俳人
御髪も亂とはオクシモロンだ
コロナ後の世界を分析する学問→postcoronialism
影響が色濃いイロコイ諸族
あてのあてないアテナイ
ユーロは常にドイツにとっては割安（他国、特に南欧にとっては割高）に設定されており、金融環境は緩和的（他国、特に南欧にとっては緊縮的）です。それがドイツの製造業の繁栄と高い輸出競争力を支えています。
周辺諸国はドイツの輸出に対して対抗措置を設けようとしても、EUの制度上それができません。これらの国の苦境は、労働者が自由に国境を渡ることによって自助努力で解消する設計になっていますが、それがドイツの労働力供給源になっています。
ドイツのように周辺諸国の窮乏化で経済成長するモデルは誉められたものではないと思います。
（参考）
"How the euro helped Germany avoid becoming Japan" Matin Wolf, Financial Times, OCTOBER 30 2019
"What would have happened if the German economy had not been sheltered by the eurozone? The Deutschemark would surely have appreciated hugely, this time in a low-inflation world. That would have pushed German domestic inflation below zero, damaged the profitability and performance of exports and inflicted losses on German financial institutions, with their huge foreign assets. It would have made it impossible to preserve strongly positive nominal interest rates and probably impossible to avoid persistent fiscal deficits, too. In brief, the eurozone protected Germany from becoming another Japan. Germans should be thankful for what the euro has given them, praise Mario Draghi, outgoing ECB president, for his brave decisions to save the system from calamity and hope his successor Christine Lagarde will follow suit."
https://www.ft.com/content/04f48e1e-f97f-11e9-98fd-4d6c20050229
Any decision for Japan to build a nuclear-powered submarine is a huge step that would require the nation’s support politically and financially for years, Gilday said. That decision must be made with the understanding of “the totality of the ecosystem” for the initiative and that it will take decades to complete. Change “eco-system” for such a project requires “the right people, the right training, the right platforms, the right workforce” and sustainment, he said.
リンク先のギルディ氏というのは現在のアメリカ海軍参謀総長(米海軍のトップ)で、この人の発言はアメリカ海軍の総意と受け取ってもいい
そんな人が公のメディアで「長い時間を要する」と前置きしつつも「日本は原潜を建造保有するべきだ」と発言してるんだけど、これ割とすごい大ニュースなのでは？
友達が最近藤村シシンさんがFGOをギリシャ史と絡めて解説する動画にハマったらしい。ヲタトークをしていたらシシンさんの動画が面白かったという話をしていて、それはいいんだけど、「古代スパルタだとお金をわざと重くして人々が堕落しないようにしてたんだって！」と楽しそうに語りだしたので「そんなことある？？？」と思ってしまった。古代ギリシャ史については素人だけど、流石にちょっと胡散臭くないか？
ということで調べてみました！
動画はこれ。
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1R-hpr7FJdI
まあトーク番組だから出典をいちいち挙げないのは当然として、じゃあ何がソースなんだろうと思ってちょっと検索してみたら、元ネタはプルタルコスの『英雄伝』なのね……『英雄伝』はギリシャ・ローマの英雄たちの逸話を紹介してる本で、日本語訳も複数出てるけど、増田は素人だから手元になくて近所の図書館にもなさそうなので、ネットで英訳版を見てみることにする。具体的にはリュクールゴスの章に書かれているらしい。
Not contented with this, he resolved to make a division of their movables too, that there might be no odious distinction or inequality left amongst them; but finding that it would be very dangerous to go about it openly, he took another course, and defeated their avarice by the following stratagem: he commanded that all gold and silver coin should be called in, and that only a sort of money made of iron should be current, a great weight and quantity of which was very little worth; so that to lay up twenty or thirty pounds there was required a pretty large closet, and, to remove it, nothing less than a yoke of oxen. With the diffusion of this money, at once a number of vices were banished from Lacedaemon; for who would rob another of such a coin? Who would unjustly detain or take by force, or accept as a bribe, a thing which it was not easy to hide, nor a credit to have, nor indeed of any use to cut in pieces? For when it was just red hot, they quenched it in vinegar, and by that means spoilt it, and made it almost incapable of being worked.
In the next place, he declared an outlawry of all needless and superfluous arts; but here he might almost have spared his proclamation; for they of themselves would have gone after the gold and silver, the money which remained being not so proper payment for curious work; for, being of iron, it was scarcely portable, neither, if they should take the means to export it, would it pass amongst the other Greeks, who ridiculed it. So there was now no more means of purchasing foreign goods and small wares; merchants sent no shiploads into Laconian ports; no rhetoric-master, no itinerate fortune-teller, no harlot-monger, or gold or silversmith, engraver, or jeweller, set foot in a country which had no money; so that luxury, deprived little by little of that which fed and fomented it, wasted to nothing and died away of itself. For the rich had no advantage here over the poor, as their wealth and abundance had no road to come abroad by but were shut up at home doing nothing. (...)
なるほど、シシンさんのトークはプルタルコスの記述に忠実だ。少なくとも彼女は盛って話していたわけではない。
で、プルタルコスの『英雄伝』が書かれたのは後2世紀初頭と言われているんだけど、ここで逸話が語られているリュクールゴスはだいたい前9世紀頃に活躍した人物と言われているのね。彼はスパルタの半ば伝説的な立法者。要するにプルタルコスは直接スパルタで鉄貨を見たんじゃなくて「1000年くらい前のスパルタではそういうことがあったらしいよ」っていう伝承を語っているのよ。古事記かな？
ところで根本的に、古代ギリシャでは鉄の棒を通貨として使っていた地域があったらしいんだよね。「わざと鉄の棒を通貨として採用した」んじゃなくて「もともと鉄の棒をお金として使ってた」だと、かなりイメージ変わってこない？
https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Joukowsky_Institute/courses/greekpast/4792.html
ちょっと古い文献だけど，Charles Seltmanっていう貨幣の専門家が書いたA Book of Greek Coinsっていう本にも次のようなくだりがある。
Certain it is that before coined money was used in Greece other states as well as Sparta, chief among them Sparta's great rival Argos, regularly employed iron spits as currency.（34頁）
なんでかというと、スパルタがあったラコニア地方は単純に鉄が採れる地域なんだってさ。そら、鉄が採掘できるなら鉄貨使うわな。
Iron was mined in Laconian territory, in the southern spurs of Taygetus and Parnon which end in Capes Taenarum and Malea. It was, therefore, but natural that the Spartans, with the wealth at their disposal, should employ bar-iron as currency; and their conservatism, combined with their lack of any more precious metal, led them to continue the employment of iron money for four centuries after other Greek states had adopted coin（33頁）
さらにこうも書かれている。
a currency which was possibly kept in use for reasons of economic convenience rather than for the enforcement of a stern rule of life（34頁）
要するに、
ってことね。
「質実剛健さを重んじてわざとコインを使わなかった」のが仮に史実だとしても、「あえて鉄の棒を採用した」んじゃなくて「鉄の棒を使い続けた（＝コインを採用しなかった）」というのが本当のところなんだろうなぁ。
あと，「偉い人の論文読んでみたら、普通にスパルタでは外国の通貨使ってたらしいよ」というブログ記事も見つけた。ただ元の論文がなかなか見つけられないので確定的なことは言えないけれど……
https://hoferjonathan14.medium.com/the-iron-money-of-sparta-likely-a-myth-97d95d431a62
このエピソード、英語で色々ググってみたけど全部出典がプルタルコスに行き着くので、考古学的裏付けはあまりないっぽいんだよね。まあプルタルコスはおもしろネタが満載なわけだけど、そこしか出典がないとなると結構胡散臭いんじゃないかな。
もちろん増田は古典ギリシャ語とか読めない素人だから、実際には他のところにも記述があったり、考古学的証拠が見つかっていたり、リュクールゴス時代の古文書が発掘されている可能性もあるわけだけど、個人的にはシシンさんのスパルタの鉄貨に関するトークを信じる気にはなれないかなと思いました。
https://www.kk-bestsellers.com/articles/-/2907/
この記事に鉄の串の写真があって、シシンさんが解説を寄せている。解説の文面はまあ納得のいく見解なので（串がコインに先立つことや、コイン出現後もスパルタでは串が使われていたと書いている。そこに異論はない）、動画でのトークはネタに振り切った感じなんだろうか……
シシンさんの動画のそこ、笑ったw 増田も調査サンキューやで ／ その上で、動画はFGOというゲームを楽しむユーザー向けで、論文ではない。そこでネタとして紹介してくれたものに目くじらを立てる気に私はならんな
FGOファン向けなら史実かどうかは怪しいおもしろエピソードを史実かのように話していい…ってコト!? ワ…ワァ…FGOファンにもシシンさんにも失礼すぎて泣いちゃった！
様々な論点があるので100字に入りきらないが，スパルタは貴金属貨幣を禁止していたということと，リュクルゴス制の成立を前９世紀とするのは後世による「伝統の創造」であるこことは指摘したい。
書き方が悪かったかもしれませんが、鉄貨の存在や貴金属貨幣の禁止は否定していません。
動画では、シシンさんは「スパルタはお金をどんどん重くしていって、賄賂や贅沢を抑止していた脳筋国家である（少しでも金額が大きくなると持ちきれないほどの重さになるから袖の下は渡せないし、持つことで鍛えられるから）」と言っています。
これ、前提知識なしで聞くと「バーベルのような鉄貨は堕落を嫌ったスパルタの発明」と聞こえるんですよ。実際に増田にこの話を面白そうに話した友人もそう理解していましたし、増田もトークを聞いてそう理解しました。そして実際にプルタルコスはそう書いています。
でも実際には、単にコインの発明前からスパルタやその周辺地域には棒状の貨幣があって、スパルタはそれをコインに置き換えなかった、という話なんですよね。で、参考文献に挙げた本にも「マッチョイズムじゃなくて経済的だから使ってたんじゃない？」と書いてある（最後に引用したセンテンス）。これ絶妙に史実を勘違いさせるトークになってません？ って思っちゃうんですが、どうでしょう。
（もちろん、副次的効果として賄賂の抑止や筋力増強はあったかもしれませんが、それが主目的であるかのように論じられると……都会民は電車通勤ゆえに自家用車通勤の地方民より体力があったりしますが、都民の体力を増強させるために都はメトロを整備したんだ、と言い出したら違う話になるでしょう？）
(In my mind) Celia has completely surpassed Daso Edit
First of all, Japanese-made goods are now clearly marked with "Made in Japan" tags.
This is probably an improvement over the past year or two. Based on user feedback, the company has been promoting Japanese products.
Good Japanese-made kitchen tools account for half of the products.
My favorite Tupperware has been a best-seller for more than 5 years, and I have not changed the design at all.
In other words, I get the impression that this is a steady company that does not change its best-selling products at all, but improves them one millimeter at a time.
Even in 2022, many of DASO's products are still made in China, and there is little sense of progress.
When I visit the sales floor, the atmosphere is much the same as it was 10 years ago.
Celia seems to be getting more upscale every year. Without changing the price.
I want to support places where I can feel this kind of corporate effort.
Celia has completely surpassed Dasoh in my opinion.
What are you saying to a product that's 100 yen a pop? Are you a poor person?
But in fact, the quality of Japanese-made Tupperware and chopsticks is so good that you would not believe they are 100 yen.
国連演説で世界的な注目を浴びた環境活動家グレタ・トゥンベリさんが、有名な原発推進派のスポークスマン的人物として知られる
ジャーナリストのジョージ・モンビオット氏と環境問題に関する短編ドミュメンタリー映画を共同制作していた事実が注目を集めている。
このモンビット氏はバリバリの原子力推進派として知られ、福島原発の事故直後には、次のような原子力賛成の記事を
英紙ガーディアン誌に寄稿して物議を醸したことで知られている。
Why Fukushima made me stop worrying and love nuclear power
「福島の事故により私は如何にして心配するのを止めて原子力を愛するようになったか」
(George Monbiot The Guardian 2019/3/21)
全文は以下に
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/mar/21/pro-nuclear-japan-fukushima
またグレタさん自身もIPCC（気候変動に関する政府間パネル）の「原発は脱炭素エネルギーの大いなる解決策」という主張を
人間を右脳派・左脳派で分類をするのガーとか、クリエイティブは右脳が左脳ガーとか、そう言うのは非科学的以前に、
今時は局在論ではなく全体論だと思うの。ついでに脳腸相関など単一でどうこうではないし、
殆ど脳がないけど、公務員(ホワイトカラー)職に就いて、結婚し子どももいて、44歳まで過ごしてきた男性もいるし、
脳がなく脳幹しかなかった少年も自発呼吸をしつつ12歳まで家族と過ごしていたよ
Meet The Healthy, Functioning Man Who Survived With Almost No Brain. | IFLScience
https://www.iflscience.com/man-tiny-brain-lived-normal-life-31083
When it comes to our brains, does size really matter? One of the biggest myths about the brain is that bigger is always better. But what about those who sit on the extreme end of that scale? How much of our brain do we actually need to survive? Looking through the archives of medical history, there are a number of people with tiny brains, or brains with huge chunks missing entirely, which defy all odds.
In a 2007 Lancet study, doctors described an incredible medical oddity – the 44-year-old civil servant who had lived a normal life despite having an incredibly tiny brain. The French man went into hospital after he experienced weakness in his left leg for two weeks. Doctors were quite surprised when they took scans of his brain and found a huge fluid-filled chamber.
The scans showed that the man had a “massive enlargement of the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles, a very thin cortical mantle and a posterior fossa cyst,” researchers noted in the study. In short, while fluid normally circulates throughout the brain, it’s regularly drained. But instead of draining the fluid into the circulatory system, the fluid in this man’s brain built up. Eventually, the accumulation of fluid resulted in only a tiny amount of actual brain material.
The man’s medical history showed that he had to get a shunt inserted into his head as an infant to get rid of the buildup of fluid on the brain, known as hydrocephalus. The shunt was eventually removed when at age 14, he complained of left leg weakness and some unsteadiness. The man went on to live a normal life and he got married and had two children. Tests showed that he had an IQ of 75 which, though below the average of 100, is not considered a mental disability.
“What I find amazing to this day is how the brain can deal with something which you think should not be compatible with life,” Dr. Max Muenke, from the National Human Genome Research Institute, told Reuters.
Earlier last year, IFLScience reported on the ninth known case of someone living without a cerebellum. This is the part of the brain that controls a number of important functions such as balance, motor movements and motor learning. The 24-year-old Chinese woman went into a hospital complaining of nausea and vertigo, and doctors discovered that she suffered from a rare condition known as cerebellar agenesis.
In another case, 12-year-old Trevor Judge Waltrip shocked medical professionals when he survived as long as he did with only his brain stem. Trevor passed away last year after going his entire life without a brain. He suffered from a rare condition called hydranencephaly, whereby the cerebral hemispheres are replaced entirely with cerebrospinal fluid. People with hydranencephaly usually survive for up to 12 weeks, which made Trevor’s case so remarkable. He was able to breathe on his own and respond to stimuli, but was blind and unable to communicate.
These cases show not only the adaptability and resilience of the human brain, but also how little we know about one of our most important organs. Cases like this force neuroscientists to rethink how we view the brain, particularly what functions different regions have and how the brain adapts when these regions become damaged.
