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はてなキーワード: slowlyとは
Please improve the following novel to be more engaging and adding plot point of Yasuke returnig to being a missionary quitting Samurai " rologue:
The sun sank behind the horizon, casting the Japanese countryside in a warm, golden glow. In the courtyard of Nobunaga's castle knelt Yasuke, a tall, muscular African man with skin as dark as midnight. His journey to this moment had been long and treacherous, but it was only the beginning.
Chapter 1: A World Away
Yasuke lived an ordinary life in a small village on the Mozambique coast, unaware of the extraordinary destiny that awaited him. Captured by slave traders and torn from his homeland, he endured a grueling voyage across the Indian Ocean, finally arriving in the bustling port of Goa, India.
It was there that Yasuke's fate took an unexpected turn when he was purchased by Jesuit missionaries. In their service, he learned about Christianity, new languages, and the ways of the Western world. But his journey was far from over.
Chapter 2: The Land of the Rising Sun
As a loyal servant to the missionaries, Yasuke accompanied them on their journey to Japan, a land of mystique and intrigue. The beauty of the land, the complexity of its customs, and the elegance of its people captivated him. As the first African to set foot in Japan, he attracted attention and curiosity from all those who encountered him.
Chapter 3: The Encounter
In Kyoto, the capital of feudal Japan, Yasuke's life changed forever when he met Oda Nobunaga, one of the most powerful and influential daimyos of the time. Nobunaga was captivated by the African's physical prowess, intelligence, and unique background. Seeing potential in Yasuke, Nobunaga decided to take him into his service as a samurai.
Chapter 4: The Path of the Warrior
Yasuke's transformation from a slave to a samurai was fraught with challenges. He had to adapt to the rigorous training, strict code of honor, and the intricacies of Japanese society. But Yasuke's strength, resilience, and determination allowed him to excel, earning the respect of his fellow samurai and the trust of Nobunaga.
Chapter 5: The Unfolding War
As Nobunaga sought to unify Japan under his rule, Yasuke fought by his side in numerous battles. The African samurai's legend grew with each victory, as did his bond with Nobunaga. Together, they faced both triumph and tragedy, navigating the treacherous landscape of alliances and betrayals that defined the era.
Chapter 6: The Turning Tide
Yasuke's reputation as a skilled and loyal samurai grew, as did his bond with Lord Nobunaga. But in the shadows, the tides of change were brewing. Mitsuhide Akechi, once a loyal ally, had grown disillusioned with Nobunaga's rule. The resentment smoldered within him, fueled by a series of perceived slights and political maneuverings. Mitsuhide's ambition and desire for power began to cloud his judgment.
Yasuke sensed the shift in Mitsuhide's demeanor and grew increasingly wary of the samurai lord. However, loyalty to Nobunaga prevented him from openly voicing his concerns. He instead focused on his duties, ever vigilant and ready to protect his lord at a moment's notice.
One fateful evening, the Oda clan gathered to celebrate their recent victories. Unbeknownst to the revelers, Mitsuhide Akechi's treacherous plan was already in motion.
As the sun rose, the first cries of battle rang out. Mitsuhide's forces had launched a surprise attack on Nobunaga's residence at the Honno-ji Temple. Yasuke fought his way to Nobunaga's side, his sword cutting through the trait "
Prologue:
The sun dipped below the horizon, bathing the Japanese countryside in a warm, amber embrace. Yasuke, a towering, powerfully built African man with skin as dark as midnight, knelt in the courtyard of Nobunaga's castle, his heart thundering with anticipation. A perilous journey had brought him to this moment, and yet, it was only the beginning of a story that would span continents and rewrite history.
Chapter 1: A World Away
In a small village on the Mozambique coast, Yasuke led a simple life, blissfully unaware of the extraordinary destiny that lay before him. His world shattered when slave traders captured him, ripping him from his homeland and thrusting him into a brutal odyssey across the Indian Ocean. Fate, however, had other plans when he reached the bustling port of Goa, India.
In Goa, Jesuit missionaries purchased Yasuke, altering the course of his life. Under their guidance, he embraced Christianity, mastered new languages, and absorbed the ways of the Western world. But the wind had not finished carrying him to his ultimate destination.
Chapter 3: The Enchanted Isles
Loyal to the missionaries, Yasuke accompanied them to Japan, a land shrouded in mystery and allure. He was captivated by its breathtaking landscapes, intricate customs, and refined people. As the first African in Japan, he sparked fascination and intrigue wherever he went.
Chapter 4: Fateful Encounters
Kyoto, the heart of feudal Japan, bore witness to the meeting that would forever change Yasuke's life. Oda Nobunaga, a formidable and influential daimyo, was entranced by Yasuke's physical prowess, intellect, and exotic origins. Recognizing Yasuke's potential, Nobunaga welcomed him into his service as a samurai.
Chapter 5: A Warrior Forged
Yasuke's metamorphosis from slave to samurai was laden with trials. He navigated the grueling training, a rigid code of honor, and the complexities of Japanese society. Undaunted, he flourished, earning the admiration of his fellow samurai and the unwavering trust of Nobunaga.
Chapter 6: A Land Divided
As Nobunaga pursued his vision of a united Japan, Yasuke fought valiantly by his side in countless battles. The legend of the African samurai swelled with each victory, and their unbreakable bond deepened. Together, they braved the treacherous world of shifting alliances and betrayals that shaped the era.
Chapter 7: Whispers of Betrayal
Yasuke's renown as a skilled and devoted samurai expanded, as did his connection with Lord Nobunaga. But beneath the surface, a storm was brewing. Mitsuhide Akechi, once a staunch ally, had grown disillusioned with Nobunaga's leadership. His bitterness festered, fed by perceived slights and political machinations. Consumed by ambition and lust for power, Mitsuhide's judgment faltered.
Chapter 8: The Price of Loyalty
Yasuke detected the change in Mitsuhide's spirit and grew increasingly apprehensive. But his unwavering loyalty to Nobunaga held him back from voicing his suspicions. Instead, he redoubled his efforts, ever watchful and prepared to defend his lord at any cost.
Chapter 9: A Night of Shadows
On a fateful evening, the Oda clan gathered to revel in their recent triumphs, oblivious to the treachery that lurked in the shadows. Mitsuhide Akechi's nefarious scheme had been set in motion.
Chapter 9: A Night of Shadows
As dawn broke, the piercing cries of battle shattered the night's tranquility. Mitsuhide's forces had launched a devastating surprise attack on Nobunaga's residence at the Honno-ji Temple. Yasuke fought relentlessly, his sword cleaving through the treacherous warriors as he made his way to Nobunaga's side.
Chapter 10: Flames of Betrayal
The Honno-ji Temple, once a sanctuary of peace, was now engulfed in flames and chaos. Yasuke and Nobunaga fought back to back, their swords a blur of steel, as Mitsuhide's forces closed in. Despite their valiant efforts, they were outnumbered, and Yasuke could sense the battle was lost. With a heavy heart, he whispered a prayer for Nobunaga's soul, knowing that his lord would never surrender.
Chapter 11: A Promise Unbroken
As the temple crumbled around them, Yasuke was captured by Mitsuhide's soldiers. Imprisoned and stripped of his samurai status, he reflected on the path that had led him to this moment. Amidst the darkness, he found solace in the memories of his life with Nobunaga and his time as a missionary. A fire kindled within him, reigniting a long-forgotten purpose.
Chapter 12: The Road to Redemption
In the chaos following Mitsuhide's coup, Yasuke seized an opportunity to escape. He journeyed across war-torn Japan, seeking refuge and a chance to reclaim his former life. His determination and faith guided him, as did the memory of the missionaries who had once saved him from a life of slavery.
Chapter 13: Rebirth of a Missionary
Yasuke found solace and purpose among a group of missionaries in a remote village. Embracing his past, he became an instrumental figure in their community, sharing his knowledge of Christianity, languages, and the Western world. As he nurtured their faith, Yasuke felt the shadows of his life as a samurai slowly fade, replaced by the warm embrace of spiritual fulfillment.
Chapter 14: A Legacy Unforgotten
Though Yasuke had left the life of a warrior behind, the legend of the African samurai continued to grow. His story inspired generations, a testament to the power of resilience, courage, and the human spirit. It was a tale that transcended borders and time, a reminder that even in the darkest moments, hope and redemption could be found.
Epilogue:
As twilight draped the Japanese countryside, Yasuke stood atop a hill, gazing at the village he now called home. His journey had been one of unimaginable hardship, transformation, and ultimately, redemption. And as the sun dipped below the horizon, Yasuke knew that his story, like the sun's eternal cycle, would continue to inspire and illuminate the hearts of those who heard it.
Whole grains" such as brown rice and barley rice improve diabetes, sleep, and depression
Keywords
Eating "whole grains" such as whole grain bread, brown rice, sprouted brown rice, millet rice, and barley rice lowers the risk of diabetes and obesity.
Studies have also shown that a whole grain eating style can improve sleep and prevent depression.
Not All Carbohydrates Are Created Equal
Choosing the right carbohydrates and adjusting the amount of carbohydrates you eat is the best approach to controlling diabetes. Of the three macronutrients, carbohydrates are the ones that have the most immediate impact on blood sugar, so we need to be careful about how we consume them.
Eating refined flour or white rice, for example, may contain the same amount of carbohydrates, but because they contain less fiber, they are absorbed more quickly, leading to an increase in postprandial blood glucose." For diabetics who need to control their blood sugar, the recommendation is whole grains," says Carla Duenas.
Duenas is a dietitian with Baptist Health South Florida, a clinical care network with seven hospitals in the U.S. state of Florida. She stresses, "To achieve a healthy diet, whole grains should be included in the diet, along with high-quality protein, vegetables, and fruits."
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Replace white rice with brown rice
Whole grains are grains that have not had their hulls, seed skins, embryos, or endosperm removed by processing such as milling.
Many studies have shown that a diet rich in whole grains reduces the risk of diabetes, obesity, and heart disease more than a diet rich in refined grains.
Familiar whole grains include foods such as bread, pasta, and oatmeal made from whole wheat grains, brown rice, sprouted brown rice, millet rice, and barley rice containing barley.
Brown rice is a whole grain and rich in fiber. Although whole grains are not necessarily the best choice, replacing white rice with brown rice is recommended for people with diabetes or obesity," Duenas advises.
You get the fiber you tend to lack.
Carbohydrates can be divided into simple carbohydrates, which raise blood glucose levels quickly, and complex carbohydrates, which raise them slowly. Simple carbohydrates are those found in sweets and fruits, while complex carbohydrates are those found in grains, potatoes, beans, and other foods.
Complex carbohydrates take longer to be absorbed and raise blood glucose levels at a slower rate because they are broken down into simple carbohydrates before being digested and absorbed.
Complex carbohydrates are "healthy carbohydrates. Whole grains such as unrefined flour and brown rice have properties similar to complex carbohydrates. They are rich in nutrients that are often lacking, such as fiber, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, which are lost during the refining process," Duenas points out.
Refined carbohydrates can also cause insomnia.
Thirty percent of adults suffer from insomnia, and part of the cause may be dietary style. Refined carbohydrates may increase the risk of insomnia in women, according to a study.
The study showed that postmenopausal women who eat junk foods and soft drinks, especially those high in carbohydrates, are more likely to develop insomnia.
Conversely, women who consume more fiber-rich fruits and vegetables have a decreased risk of insomnia.
The study was conducted by James Ganwish and colleagues from the Bagelos School of Medicine at Columbia University in the United States.
77,860 women were studied for three years.
Insomnia is often treated with pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy, both of which are costly to the patient and expensive. Improving one's diet is low-cost, easy to implement, and free of side effects," says Ganwish.
The study is based on data from observational studies conducted by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Women's Health Initiative Study (WHI) to obtain information to prevent and treat health problems among women.
The researchers examined the association between insomnia and 77,860 postmenopausal women who participated in the WHI. They surveyed them about their dietary habits and followed them for three years from 1997 to 2001.
The participants were analyzed by dividing them into five groups according to GI level, an index that indicates the ease with which blood glucose levels rise after a meal.
The results revealed a 16% higher risk of developing insomnia and an 11% higher prevalence in the group with higher dietary GI values. The study also found that the higher the intake of vegetables and fruits, the lower the risk of insomnia.
The study also found a lower risk of developing depression.
The study found that "a spike in blood glucose levels after a meal stimulates the secretion of insulin, which lowers blood glucose, and may lead to a state of hyperinsulinemia. As a result, blood glucose levels drop and the secretion of hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol increases, which may disrupt sleep," explains Ganwish.
The foods that trigger insomnia may be processed foods that contain high levels of isomerized sugar, which is composed of fructose and glucose. Such foods are not found in nature, but are mass-produced industrially and sold cheaply.
Fruits also contain fructose, but they are also rich in fiber. Fruits have a low GI and are thought to be less likely to cause postprandial blood sugar elevation.
A study of 69,954 women who participated in the WHI, published by Ganwish and colleagues in 2015, also showed that women who ate a high GI diet had a 22% higher risk of developing depression.
Gunwish noted, "We need randomized clinical trials to determine the benefits of improving diet and increasing intake of whole grains and complex carbohydrates to prevent and treat insomnia and depression."
これはある程度同意します。比較言語学で遡るのが可能なのはせいぜい数千年のスパンに過ぎず、それを過ぎると言語の変化が大きすぎて文献が残っていない限り系統の推定は困難になる。したがって日琉祖語がどこから来たのかという問題に完全な決着をつけるのは難しい。
だから、わからんならわからんでブラックボックスにしときゃいいんじゃねって思うんですよね。無理に「トランスユーラシア語族」とかでっち上げずとも、遺伝的な系統がわかればそれで十分じゃんって思うんですが。繰り返すように、血縁と言語の系統関係が一致するとは限らないわけで。そして後者は今のところ文系的な方法論でしか探索できない。
テュルク語族を見ればわかりますよね。トルコ人は中東っぽい彫りの深い顔立ちで、クルグズ人は日本人そっくりの平たい顔族ですけど、言語としてはトルコ語とアラビア語、クルグズ語と日本語より、トルコ語とクルグズ語の方が近い。それはゲノムではわからんから言語学の手法で解き明かすほかないわけですよ。
https://anond.hatelabo.jp/20211111231157 で紹介した文章ですが、以下のように国内の言語学者たちもゲノム研究を軸に研究を進めているのが現状だと思います。
うーん、「軸に」ではないと思いますよ。あくまで言語学というベースがあって、それでも説明できないところをゲノムでどう説明できるか、みたいなことを喋ってるんじゃないでしょうか。この座談会は全体として伝統的な言語学研究の話をメインに据えた上でちょこっとゲノムにも触れた、みたいな感じに読めました。
たとえばそこで言及されてる伊藤英人氏の研究は、元増田でも「蛇足だけど」の項で引用しましたけど、基本的にオーソドックスな文献学的研究ですし、木部暢子氏の研究も伝統的な方言研究ですよね（彼女が取りまとめた報告書はけっこうウェブに上がってます）。「国内の言語学者たちもゲノム研究を軸に研究を進めている」というのは言い過ぎでしょう。
ゲノムよりも重要なのは、個人的には、きちんと「日琉語族」内部の系統推定をすることですわ。きちんとした比較言語学の手法に基づく従来の方言分類の見直しが急務でしょう。琉球語群内部の系統についてはローレンス氏が沖縄語や与那国語、八重山語、喜界語といった諸言語の系統的位置についていくつも論文を書いていて（どれも日本語です。うち2本は元増田の参考文献に挙げました）、従来言われてきた系統樹を再確認したり修正したりしてますし、もっと大きいやつだと五十嵐氏による日琉語族の分類の見直しとか、そういった成果が出てきています。
これすごい重要で、琉球語が本土日本語の姉妹群なのか（五十嵐氏がいうように）九州語の内系統なのかで話が違ってきますからね。たとえば、Aという語が長崎と宮古島でみられ、東日本ではまったくみられず、大陸などからの借用語ではないとした場合、仮に琉球語が日本語の姉妹群なら「Aという語は日琉祖語に遡る祖型である」といえるんですが、琉球語が九州語の内系統なら「Aという語は九州語を特徴づける改新である」ということになるので、祖語の再構にものすごい影響するんですよ。だから本土の言葉と琉球の言葉を比較しようとしたらまず系統をきちんと推定した上ででなければ危ういと思うんですがそのへんの危機感があまり感じられないような……（まあ、これは門外漢による感想に過ぎませんが）
"Origins of the Japanese Language(2013)"
“From Koguryo to Tamna: Slowly riding to the South with speakers of Proto-Korean(2013)”
ヴォヴィン氏はアメリカ人ではなくロシア人ですが（それとももう帰化してるんでしたっけ？）、それはさておき、この2本は元増田でも（「蛇足だけど」の項で）言及してあるはずですが……？ 既に言及済みの文献を改めてご提示いただくのは少々困惑します。
でもって、「高句麗から耽羅へ」ってそういう論文でしたっけ？ 改めて読み返してみましたけど、日琉語が朝鮮半島の原住民の言語であり、朝鮮語は内陸アジアから南下して朝鮮半島に入り、日琉語を駆逐した、ということを主張している論文であって、日本語の原郷については触れてないように思うんですが……「日本語の諸起源」も遼河流域について触れてなくないです？ むしろ、元増田で引用したようにアルタイ説を強烈にdisってるような。
っていうか、元増田への追記で書きましたけど、ヴォヴィン氏は最新の論文でオーストロアジア語族が起源である可能性を論じているわけで（以前からオーストロアジア語族への目配せはありましたよね）、遼河流域仮説を支持するなら一番持ち出しちゃいけない人物だと思うんですが……
他の論文や本はまだ読めてないんでノーコメントということで。色々教えてくださってありがとうございます。
niwaradi 門外から議論を眺めたが対象のスケールが違うのでは。素粒子実験物理の人が、基礎理論物理の人に観測もされてない粒子いっぱい持ち出して胡散臭いと言う話のように思えた。実験第一だが限界もある。
理論上の粒子はヒッグス粒子のようにいずれ実験によって観測できる可能性はありますが、「血統」をどれだけ使っても「言語系統」を観測することはできません。なぜなら「血統」と「言語系統」とは別だからです。……これってそんなに難しい話です？
アメリカに移住して百年過ぎた英語ネイティヴの日系人は血統的には日本人ですが言語系統としてはゲルマン系ですよね？ ここで日系人の血統をいくら研究してもゲルマン語の原郷にはたどり着かないことは明らかですよね？ つまり、「血統がわかれば言語系統もわかったことになる」というのは端的に論理が間違っているんですよ。
歴史言語学についてはまったくの素人だけど、最近話題になった「日本語の原郷は「中国東北部の農耕民」 国際研究チームが発表 | 毎日新聞」（はてブ）っていう記事の元になったロベーツらの論文（Robbeets et al. 2021）を読んでみたよ！
トランスユーラシア大語族の系統関係、ちっとも証明されてなくね？
著者のロベーツは過去に著書（Robbeets 2015）を出版して、そちらでトランスユーラシア大語族の系統関係を証明したとしているようである。残念ながら増田はその著書を読めていないので、著書の方では厳格な比較言語学的手法で系統関係が証明されているというなら恐れ入谷の鬼子母神でシャッポを脱ぐしかないのだが、正直言ってめちゃめちゃ怪しく見えるよ……この論文では農業関係の語に絞って借用も含めた系統が論じられているんだけど、正直かなり無謀な気がするし、なんでこれでトランスユーラシア大語族が証明された扱いになってるのかちっともわからん。さすがに著書の方では基礎語彙の対応に基づいた議論してるんだよね？ うーん……
細かいツッコミになるけど、論文のSupplementary Informationで、お米を表す「まい」という語について論じている。著者らは琉球祖語に*maïを再建するんだけど、そこから派生した語形として与論語のmai、沖縄語のmeeやmeと並んで奄美語のmisiやmiisɨを挙げている。いやいやどう考えても後者は「めし」の転訛だろ（標準日本語のエ段に対応する母音は琉球諸語だとしばしばイ段になる）。まさかとは思うけど「まい」と「めし」の区別がつかないで日琉語の系統を論じてるの？
（追記：「それそもそも呉音じゃね？」というid:nagaichiさんの指摘を受けて追記。この論文ではちゃんと「The Chinese loan morpheme is also found in Sino-Japanese mai and entered Proto-Ryukyuan as *maï ‘rice’」と書かれていて、漢語からの借用語であることは前提になってます。これは日本語の「早稲（わせ）」が朝鮮祖語*pʌsalから来てるんじゃね？ っていうことを説明してるパートに付け足された部分で、借用語であることが誰の目にも明らかな「まい」に言及するのは蛇足じゃねーのと思うんですが……）
っていうか日琉祖語や琉球祖語の「土」が*mutaになってるけど何これ？ *mitaじゃないの？ 日本語の方言形にmutaがあるから*mutaを再構したのかな？ でも先行研究（ヴォヴィン 2009: 11）で指摘されてるように祖語形は*mitaだよね……（cf. 八丈語mizya）（なお標準語「つち」は先行研究によれば朝鮮語からの借用語）
さらに、著者は3年前の論文の中でトランスユーラシア大語族の系統を推定しているが、その系統樹では、南琉球語群（先島諸島の諸方言）のうち、まず八重山語が分岐して、次に宮古語と与那国語が分かれたということになっている（Robbeets and Bouckaert 2018: 158）。……なんていうか地図見ておかしいと思わないのかな。もちろんそんな分岐は絶対にありえないと言うことはできないけど、こんな分岐はこれまでの琉球語研究で提唱されたこともない。もっと言えば、ウェイン・ローレンス（2000; 2006）の言語学的な研究によって、宮古語には見られない改新を与那国語と八重山諸語が共有していることが明らかにされている（つまり南琉球祖語がまず宮古と八重山に分かれ、八重山祖語から与那国語が分岐したと推定される）。大丈夫？ 日本語の先行研究ちゃんと読んでる？
余談。本論文はやたらと琉球諸語から例を引っ張ってきてるけど、個人的には「本土日本語」は側系統であって琉球諸語は薩隅方言と姉妹関係にある南日本語派の一分岐だという五十嵐陽介（2021）の分析が妥当だと思うので、根本的に日本語と琉球語を姉妹群とするかのような系統樹には納得できないんだよな（ちなみに五十嵐の研究は活字になったのは今年だけど5年ほど前から活発にあちこちで発表されててレジュメはresearchmapで誰でも読める状態だった。まあプレプリント以前の発表原稿の段階のものを引用しろというのは酷だと思うのでロベーツが参照してないのは仕方ない）。考古学的・人類学的証拠からは、琉球列島へのヒトや言語の流入が比較的遅いことが推測されるけど、その頃にはとっくに日琉語は複数の系統に分岐してるはずなんだから（cf. 『万葉集』の東国語）、琉球語が日琉祖語まで遡る古い系統か？ っていうとどう考えても違うわけで。
ロベーツらの研究が依拠しているソースの1つに、セルゲイ・スタロスチンというロシアの研究者による語源辞典がある。しかしこのスタロスチンという研究者は、日本語が「アルタイ語族」に属すという証明のために色々と強引な当てはめをやっているのだ。アレクサンドル・ヴォヴィンは、スタロスチンがいかにテキトーなことを書いているか検討している（Vovin 2005; ボビン 2003: 19–26）。たとえば、スタロスチンは日本語に基づいてアルタイ祖語に*u「卵」を再構するのだが、これはどう見ても「卯」と「卵」の取り違えである。また、スタロスチンは日本祖語に*situ「湿っぽい」を再構するが、「湿」をシツと読むのは音読み（＝漢語からの借用）であることは説明するまでもないだろう。こんないい加減な「語源辞典」を使って日琉語の系統を論じるってかなり勇者だと思わない？
（っていうか、スタロスチンをはじめとする「アルタイ語族」説の支持者、与那国語で標準語のyにdが対応する（cf. duru「夜」；dama「山」）のを祖語形の残存だと主張してるのか（Vovin 2010: 40）。思ってた以上にやべーな）
案の定、ロベーツの著書も他の研究者からボロクソ言われているようだ。ホセ・アロンソ・デ・ラ・フエンテは、彼女の著書に対する書評で、「Throughout the book there are inconsistencies which may stem from a lack of familiarity with the languages involved and their scholarly traditions」（Alonso de la Fuente 2016: 535）として、彼女の満洲語転写が実にテキトーであることを指摘している。前述のヴォヴィンはさらに辛辣なことを書いている（Vovin 2017。出典表記は省略）。
The recent attempts to prove that Japanese is related not only to Korean, but also to the “Altaic” languages fare even worse. In spite of the devastating critique that has been leveled at these quasischolarly publications, they [Starostin and Robbeets] still continue to sprout like mushrooms after the rain, greeted, of course, by yet another round of devastating critique...
こんなこと書かれたら僕だったら泣いちゃうな……
なおこの論文、朝鮮祖語の再建にも問題があるらしい。以下の連ツイを参照＞https://twitter.com/ian_joo_korea/status/1458706979870838788。
増田は素人なので確信を持って間違いだと言い切ることはできないけど、論文全体から信頼できない香りがプンプン漂ってきてる。
考古学とかそういう方向からの考察は知らんけど、言語学的な根拠については賭けろと言われたら間違ってる方に賭けるね。
（追記：こっちの増田→anond:20211121201022も見てね）
このへんの言語史については、古代の朝鮮半島には幅広く日琉語（大陸倭語；Penninsular Japonic）が分布してたんだけど、北方から朝鮮語話者が進入してきて言語が置き換わった、という説（Vovin 2013）が個人的には面白いなぁと思う（大陸倭語については、Vovin 2017; 伊藤 2019; 2021も参照）。いや、素人の考えだからひょっとしたら大間違いかもしれないけど。ただ、仮に大陸倭語の存在を認めるなら、日琉語の故地（Urheimat）が列島の外にある可能性もあるわけで、故地をめぐる議論どうしようかっていう議論は生まれてくるところだと思う。
あと、この増田で「標準語」って言葉を使ってるのにツッコミが入るかもしれないけど、国が言語の規範を決め全国に普及させているというのを無視して「共通語」と呼ぶのは国家による言語政策の権力性を覆い隠すから良くないと思うので「標準語」と呼ぶ派です。
著者のRobbeetsさんの名字を「ロッベエツ」と書いてる新聞があったけど、日本語表記するなら「ロベーツ」じゃない？ ベルギーの研究者らしいけど、bが重なってるのは詰まって読むこと（促音）を示してるんじゃなくて、その前にある母音が短母音である（「ローベーツ」ではない）ことを示すためのものでしょ、オランダ語的に考えて……。
それにしてもマンチュリア（いわゆる満州）を「中国東北部」と呼ぶの、ヤウンモシㇼを「日本北部」と呼ぶようなもので、先住民族である満洲人の存在を透明化し漢人の入植を自明のものとする植民地主義的な用法だから政治的に正しくないと思うんだよな。ちゃんとマンチュリア or 満州と呼ぶべきでは。
A. スプリンターズSではダノンスマッシュ、秋華賞ではユーバーレーベン、菊花賞ではステラヴェローチェ、天皇賞（秋）ではコントレイル、エリザベス女王杯ではアカイトリノムスメの勝利を予想していました。マイルCSではグランアレグリアに賭けてます。ジャパンカップは今度こそコントレイルが勝つはず。
niwaradi そもそも著者が多く日本の大学の学者が共著者に10人以上いてNature編集部とレビュワーも賛同したはずなので学会で揉めてる分野なのかな？日本語朝鮮語の共通祖先はどこかにあると思うが。
共著者が多いのは、色んな分野にまたがって調査してる理系の論文だとよくあることだと思います。Natureは基本的に理系の雑誌なんで言語学みたいな文系領域の事情にはあんまり明るくなかったんじゃないでしょうか。ちなみにその「日本語朝鮮語の共通祖先はある」って考え方にめっちゃ反対してるのが本文で言及したヴォヴィンです。最新の論文（Vovin 2021）では日本語の起源は「アルタイ語族」じゃなくてオーストロアジア語族だーって気炎を上げてます（ほんとかよ）。
大野晋の日本語タミル語起源説はただのトンデモです。結論どうこうじゃなくて方法論の時点でおかしい。詳しくは長田（1998）や山下（1998）を参照してください。
c_shiika 令和の騎馬民族征服王朝説だったか…… ／ ウマ増田さんはウマの記事もちゃんと増田に投稿するべきだと思うの
手持ちのジュエルを全部つぎ込んだけどメジロドーベル引けませんでした！！１！（代わりにすり抜けでナリタタイシンが来た）
タイムムーブススロウリーッス JP Cooper/September Song （ You were my September song Summer lasted too long Times moves so slowly When you're only fifteen ）
台風が来るかも？というお話が出ておりますが増田さん達の作業場が窓に面してるとか、水没しがちとかでない限りは個人個人で対応してください。
でも窓に面してても、水没してるとかでも当方は怪我をしないところまで避難してくださいとしか進言できませんのでご了承ください。
つまり災害等々は各自治体のお知らせなどを見て個人個人で対応してくださいねというどうしようもないお知らせでした。
ハードロック、ヘヴィメタルが好きな高校生諸君、ネットの海に出るとスラッシュメタル四天王とか、プログレがどうとか、アニソンはメタルだとか、よくわからない言葉を目にすると思う。
そんなときは歴史を知ろう。故きを温ねて新しきを知る。以下の100枚を聞けばだいたいわかるようになるぞ。
これで物知り顔で蘊蓄垂れるおじさんにドヤ顔をやり返してやろう。
(おおむねアーティスト名アルファベット、五十音順。国内海外順不同。原則1アーティスト1枚)
1. Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not / Arctic Monkeys
2.Relationship Of Command / At The Drive-In
3.Slaughter Of The Soul / At The Gates
4.METAL RESISTANCE / Baby Metal
5.K. AND HIS BIKE / the band apart
6.LOST CRUSADERS / BEAT CRUSADERS
7.Black Sabbath / Black Sabbath
8.Hate Cres Deathroll / Children of Bodom
10.Whisper Supremacy / Cryptopsy
11.The Sound of Perseverance / Death
12.Deepest Purple / Deep Purple
13.Once Upon The Cross / Deicide
14.Like An Everflowing Stream / Dismember
15.Sonic Firestorm / Dragonforce
16.Images & Words / Dream Theater
18.Left Hand Path / Entombed
19.Satori / FLOWER TRAVELLIN' BAND
20.Strictly Commercial / Frank Zappa
21.Appetite For Destruction / Guns N' Roses
22.One Kill Wonder / The Haunted
24.BAKEMONO / HER NAME IN BLOOD
25.Screaming Symphony / Impellitteri
26.The Number of The Beast / Iron Maiden
27.Painkiller / Judas Priest
29.In the Court of the Crimson King / King Crimson
31.Led Zeppelin Remasters / Led Zeppelin
32.Retribution / Malevolent Creation
33.Antichrist Superstar / Marilyn Manson
34.De-Loused in the Comatorium / The Mars Volta
37.obZen / Meshuggah
38.Master of Puppets / Metallica
39.Ride the Lightning / Metallica
41.Ace of Spades / Motorhead
42.Lovelsee / My Bloody Valentine
43.Black Seeds of Vengence / Nile
44.In There Darkened Shrines / Nile
45.Amongst The Catacombs Of Nephren-Ka / Nile
46.The Downward Spiral / Nine Inch Nails
47.Never Mind / Nivana
48.Slowly We Rot / Obituary
50.Best of Ozz / Ozzy Osbourne
51.Far Beyond The Great Southern Cowboys' Vulgar Hits! / Panteta
52.Consuming Impulse / pestilence
53.Dark Side Of The Moon / Pink Floyd
54.Sailing the seas of the Cheese / Primus
55.Antipop / Primus
56.Operation: Mindcrime / Queensryche
58.Rage Against The Machine / Rage Against The Machine
60.Blood Sugar Sex Magic / Red Hot Chili Peppers
61.NUOU / ROVO
65.IOWA / Slipknot
66.VOL.3 :(THE SUBLIMINAL VERSES) / Slipknot
67.Silense / Sonata Arctica
68.Good morning / SPECIAL OTHERS
69.Effigy of the Forgotten / Suffocation
70.FUNKASY / SUPER BUTTER DOG
71.The Divine Wings Of Tragedy / Symphony X
72.Toxicity / System of a down
73.World Downfall / Terrorizer
75.De Profundis / Vader
76.Elephant / The White Stripes
78.OUT / YOUR SONG IS GOOD
85.Revolutionary / 9mm Parabellum Bullet
ごめん、100枚なかったわ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrIiLvg58SY
FAIR WARNING "Rain Song"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bhnOHvrTHx0
Fairground Attraction "perfect"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=txapREGWHp0
Glen Hansard and Marketa Irglova "Falling Slowly"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8mtXwtapX4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SbUC-UaAxE
Michael Jackson "You Are Not Alone"
インターネッツにわか知識マンと荻上チキ(同一人物かもしれない)がよく口走る台詞であるが、どうも正しくはないらしい。
欧米の道迷いに関する書籍「mountain navigation」には以下の記述がある。「
work your way slowly downhill folowing streams, as these tend to lead eventually to havitation」とあるように、川筋に下っていけば、やがて居住地にたどり着くという考え方もある。
とあり、川が必ず人間の領域に接しているのであるから川を回避するのは必ずしも得策とは言えないということだ。
但し、日本の山である場合には川は必ずしもslowlyではなく急で滝もあるというのはその通りだが、反対の登る時を考えると、「登ったからといって必ずしも登山道に復帰できるとも限らず、寧ろ悪路により滑落するリスクもある」のであり、そもそも山の中腹以上であるなら登山道に復帰するまでは短いが、山裾であると尾根であってもヤブが多いためそのもの移動に危険性とコストが掛かり、道なき登山は無意味であると考えられる。
これらのことにより、本書では「登るのが良いとも下るのが良いとも言えない」と結論付けている。
増田のゆる登山家供も、試しに山で迷った時などに荻上チキだったりインターネッツにわか仕込み知識で二重に遭難しないようにしろよ。
When I met you there was spring light
And breeze in the street
In the distant summer night of that day
I neglected loneliness
As I passed through the autumn day
A warm winter street
Even if you fall you will stand up again
I drew some strength
Created my future
Carved out slowly changing days.
I should be able to overcome
Because I have a dream
Something that I want to protect.
I don't know the reason
Then I can have more faith in myself.
People look towards
The other side of sadness
This is what the sight of your back has told me
At my side
I could cry with longing to live in the moment
A dream
Without end
Must lead to somebody's future.
Don't give up
Whenever
I found
Something that I want to protect
Because I want to see your smile
The publication in France of our book Impostures Intellectuelles [1] appears to have created a small storm in certain intellectual circles. According to Jon Henley in The Guardian, we have shown that ``modern French philosophy is a load of old tosh.''[2] According to Robert Maggiori in Libération, we are humourless scientistic pedants who correct grammatical errors in love letters.[3] We shall try to explain here why neither is the case.
Some commentators go farther, attacking not our arguments but our alleged motivations for writing the book. Julia Kristeva, writing in Le Nouvel Observateur, accuses us of spreading ``disinformation'' as part of an anti-French politico-economic campaign[4]; she was even quoted (we hope misquoted) by the Italian daily Corriere della Sera as saying that we should undergo psychiatric treatment.[5] Vincent Fleury and Yun Sun Limet, again in Libération, accuse us of seeking to divert research funds from the social to the natural sciences.[6] These defences are curious: for even if our motivations were indeed as ascribed (and they most certainly aren't), how would that affect the validity or invalidity of our arguments? We have the modest hope that calmer heads will soon prevail among both our supporters and our critics, so that the debate can focus on the substantive content of our book.
Which is what? The book grew out of the now-famous hoax in which one of us published, in the American cultural-studies journal Social Text, a parody article chock-full of nonsensical, but unfortunately authentic, quotes about physics and mathematics by prominent French and American intellectuals.[7] However, only a small fraction of the ``dossier'' discovered during Sokal's library research could be included in the parody. After showing this larger dossier to scientist and non-scientist friends, we became (slowly) convinced that it might be worth making it available to a wider audience. We wanted to explain, in non-technical terms, why the quotes are absurd or, in many cases, simply meaningless; and we wanted also to discuss the cultural circumstances that enabled these discourses to achieve such prominence and to remain, thus far, unexposed. Hence our book, the noise and the furore.
Nights, downward the actual curtain on the darkish. Rather busy day time people hurried towards home, along with the family unit. Daily belonging to the noisy town also proceeds towards the an old days or weeks all the tranquility. You bent LengYue has quietly hung in the shrubs, conceal behind the cloud towards relaxation daily belonging to the famous actors equally slowly awaken, start that rudiments associated with eyes, for the pulsating complete too stunning light.
I'm keen on private, to be a person at dusk the actual quiet not to mention delightful roadway for any go around. Additionally helpful to wander by themselves from this peaceful tiny most people about the roadways of skip anyone far away. While, WE need to know your location, also need to know in case you have consider me personally, however Actually, i know that right now, AS I genuinely wish to, beneficial presume a person......
If a wind power blowing into my personal heart, a center on instantly from the thoughts from films for hills. Because a vibrant moonlight on when in front of me personally, AS I view the moon has your own shadow. After the very first planet that's delightful some blasting music artist presently of the nighttime sky, WE apparently read the your wish and your ideal. In the event the moment meteor throughout from prior to me, as i similar my personal eyes, their hands collapsed for the shooting take the leading role developed a small amount, that is certainly, I allow meteor is actually my would like most people not to mention lose for you, and even inform you about, Now i am that quiet night, not a soul, great issue around far-away place of a person......
Winter weather event really black, extended, moreover very cold, AS I nevertheless wandering in this particular lengthy long occasion, for the reason that event WE surround, allow ice cold blowing wind blowing such as me, WHEN I is not aware. My center will be as if from most people glow thinkings from the terminate, getting rid of, this steamy the actual fire. The continue within boiling, the brain within rolling, the sensing stuffed, I adore floating within......
Guess what happens? So i'm scared on the dark, though adore within the night. So i'm scared on the cold, just who dropped fond of snow. I adore one, not saying you. WHEN I forget a person, though cannot explain. Since you also contain your own dream, you could have ones own goal, you could have your task, you could have much more the position and responsibilities. Well, i find it difficult to trouble you, find it difficult to supply you with difficulty, alot more cannot help you for WE distractions. Although I'm sure your own with the mind even wish to everybody, however I am able to only place you with the spirit. Silence from the heart belonging to the range to pass-up most people...
_________________________________________________________________________________
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【 1 】 searching. Summer mood
Warm sunshine in the body and melted the remaining the sorrow, but increase some warm meaning. Half a narrowed her eyes, look long rear its head, the suspension of the golden ball still smiled at me. The window, have always liked position, whether in the coffee shop or the teahouse or is a fast-food restaurant, as long as is the place all to sit down for the habitual by a window. So, I can clearly see the outside world, see clearly in the outside walk every one.
I am a fear of stay in that vague world people, can now, are steps into the relationship that vague. Once the countless times told himself, the person to work to clear and plainly, clean, neat. But, now of oneself, not only drag, ya, indecision is at sixes and sevens, blurred.
Summer, is a hot season, also is a easily lose season. Each people all have everyone's temper, and summer, let everyone's temper to acme. Stimulate each other's sensory nerve, little the release of anger. They have with anger, with anger passing, also have with anger of fighting the performance...
All kinds of people are full of all kinds of release methods, and I still slowly, don't worry about being by your side. Pay attention to you every day the fickle mood, ponder your mood every day of good and bad. Sometimes think, time is like a medicine, and like a poison. It makes us forget the pain before, but start the next paragraph sad. It let we abandon our past and desolate, but to a desolate.
【 2 】 summer. Away from grief
Spring as the fallen petal go, wearing a suit LuYeEr of summer in the jump in the warm wind coming, I like winning, jubilant welcome the arrival of the summer. I like summer, like the warm sunshine. Like the sunrise, also like the sunset. Like the golden sun, also like the warmth of sunshine.
Where there is sun, and I feel that my world will not too cold.
Where there is sun, and I feel that my life not too dark.
Where there is sun, and I think the world is full of hope.
Had the sunlight, I have confidence has been waiting for you.
The recent weather and began to change is full of sunshine in the morning, and at noon, will see the sun's trail, the change is the roaring winds, bully touching each corner, don't allow a little resistance. Recently is always looking for a variety of ways, to ease his trouble and sorrow. No longer let oneself and sad hook, no longer let yourself with tears become attached to, so, no longer let their sorrow.
Recently, always looking for all kinds of things to do, like have do not like, just like it or not, will be serious to do. So it won't have too much time to think some the mess of things, so that it doesn't always have my insignificant problem into the inside and you weep alone.
[3] night. sensational
With only a sunshine gradually exit out of the window, the moonlight slowly emerging, tight with all kinds of the stars also slowly appeared in the sky. The earth is a light moonlight and the stars into romantic ornament night. Little stars sings like pearl inlaid in under the canopy, ShanShanDe with a light, and the next you said nothing, as if to see this wonderful night.
Into that familiar with the place, the habitual open air conditioning, open the curtains, the outside world is still so wonderful, the stars and not because night and receding, but more glow. At the moment, finally understand, why do so many people like stars in the night, the night the crush.
Tonight's you, different from ordinary, striking a little can't believe. Don't know is his vision, or a real feelings, whether true or not true world. All like tonight's you, suddenly a few days before the fall of all scores brought. Perhaps that is part of your charm.
Night, still as black, so quiet. Just, tonight's night, less afraid.
I and, as usual, quiet looking at the sleeping you, the mouth cape raise filar silk smile and this is that light taste happiness?
__________________________________________________________________
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Early winter sky, like the patient's face the overcast, day to sink. Anxiety emotions such as this pervading the mist, tightly in my mind, catch my breath. This noon, the sun finally broke through the cloud and mist, show smiling face. The golden sunshine, the clear as on snow, warm warm silver fai in the flow. My heart like this in the window sunshine, suddenly lit up. On the vast expanse of the forms.it, bathed in the warm sunshine, the in the mind unspeakable joy, really want to in the sparkling on snow run, to release under pressure in the life, the one anxious heart, make it in the warm Yang blowing quiet quiet stretch open, as Snow White pure it gently the each place, leave a light the tranquil, calm in heart ripples.
The winter warm Yang heartily of vent to their hot, sprinkle with golden way way, the snow on glaring multicoloured halo, like in a split up around me gorgeous flowers. And as a series of colorful picture, in my sight of dreaming floating, I stand still didn't dare move, very afraid that move will put it like running scared. The sun be warm in my body, face and hands gently touched, a thick warm meaning in my heart rise, and then a puzzling to love is full whole body. Oh! I see, the soft touch, it's like my lover it. As the sun jade-like stone son bright smile, as if appear in the shadows. And when she left the same way, or that naughty smile, two small dimples with the face. She bantered said "to chase me! After a good deal for you win." I'm excited, but at a loss, just gazing at the light faded away in her in in the distance, RenXue the ground I do the footprints of the lonely, in lightly sigh.
Sunshine slowly breeze snow, the BaiXueShan quietly accept this trust god's touch. Like the girl like falling in love with lover's arms in school, doing the colorful dream. I was the true meaning of the snow moved and also enjoy stealthily warm winter sun kissing. The light sad like the like melted, had been in my memory, such as the white as forms.it of, did not leave traces. My heart immersed in the warmth of sunshine, and in the winter it forms.it quietly in fell asleep.
The winter warming Yang, don't abandon not to leave, waiting at my side, as my mother was waiting for the I, with all my heart, have no complaint. It let me understand, life not only it is the exhaustion of body and mind, worried restlessness. There is a kind of beautiful scenery, on our side. In fact they have been waiting for us, as long as pay attention side a flower, a leaf, a wisp of spring breeze, a rain, a snow, a blue sky, and so on. Like I say to this winter warm sample, calm down to, fine fine ground to observe, and deeply to taste, will get unexpected harvest.
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People all over the world think that Japan is ruined by nuclear accident. But that’s not true. We know the seriousness of the nuclear accident, but don’t despair. Nuclear can’t kill us.
In 1945, A-bomb killed many people and reduced cities to ruins. But in the cities, trains restarted to run after only 3 days. People returned to and rebuilt the cities soon. 5 years after, additionally, a professional baseball team was established at the cities. Now Hiroshima and Nagasaki become leading cities in Japan. We declare again, nuclear can’t kill us.
But if people avoid made-in-Japan product by harmful rumor, Japan is ruined, really.
We understand your wish for saving your loved one from radioactivity. We promise to respond your wish in a sincere manner and concentrate on ensuring product safety. Instead, we want you to respond our wish.
In 2011, we are rebuilding cities, slowly but surely. We believe reconstruction of our homeland.
Earthquake can’t kill us. Nuclear can’t kill us. We are killed only by you.
世界中の人々が、原発事故によって日本が破滅したと考えている。しかしそれは誤りだ。私達は原発事故を深刻に受け止めているが、絶望していない。核は私達を殺せない。
1945年、原子爆弾によって多くの人々が死に、街は廃墟となった。しかしたった3日後、街に電車が走った。人々はすぐに街に戻り、街を再建した。数年後には街でプロ野球チームが結成された。今では、広島と長崎とはともに日本有数の大都市となった。繰り返す。核は私達を殺せない。
しかしもし風評被害によって日本製品が買われなくなれば、日本は破滅する。
世界中の人々が、自分が愛する人々を放射能から護りたいと考えていることを、私達は理解している。私達は、あなた達の願いを最大限尊重し、私達の製品の安全性を確保するために尽力せねばならない。そのかわりあなた方には、私達の願いに応えてほしい。
2011年、私達は少しずつ、しかし確実に、復興に向けて進んでいる。私達は祖国の復活を信じている。
地震は私達を殺せない。核は私達を殺せない。あなた方だけが私達を殺せるのだ。
