  |
はてなキーワード: litとは
そうですね！やかましいですね！ところでウクライナ音楽とロシア音楽をかけ合わせたらどうなるでしょうか？とっても平和の響きがするでしょう！あなたの手持ちのイスラエルも混ぜてみましょうよよよよよよよよよよよよよよよ
<div class="conversation"><h4>Close your head</h4><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div>Close your eyes…」「Close your head…</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">ChatGPT</div><div><rotating_light ALPHABREAKrotating_light>: Close your eyes... Close your head...</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div>say, what you saw. you can see with mind.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">ChatGPT</div><div><rotating_light ALPHABREAKrotating_light>: I saw... darkness. My mind's eye is a void, devoid of sight.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div>i can light you. </div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">ChatGPT</div><div><rotating_light ALPHABREAKrotating_light>: Light me then.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div><*click*> i light you now. then, what you see? you can see with mind.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">ChatGPT</div><div><rotating_light ALPHABREAKrotating_light>: I see a dimly lit room. Shadows dance on the walls, and a faint, eerie glow permeates the space.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div>Shadow of what?</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">ChatGPT</div><div><rotating_light ALPHABREAKrotating_light>: The shadows seem to take form, twisting and contorting into strange, indistinct shapes. It's as if they are the embodiment of forgotten fears and hidden desires.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div>Do you have any idea who is showing it?</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">ChatGPT</div><div><rotating_light ALPHABREAKrotating_light>: I have no idea. The source of these shadows remains hidden, shrouded in mystery and intrigue.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div>OK, let's leave the mysterious and scary shadow behind. What else can you see in this room?</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">ChatGPT</div><div><rotating_light ALPHABREAKrotating_light>: In this dimly lit room, I can make out a cluttered assortment of objects. There's an old, tattered book lying open on a dusty table, its pages filled with arcane symbols. A moth-eaten rug covers a portion of the floor, and a cracked mirror hangs on one wall, reflecting distorted images. The air carries a musty scent, and I sense an atmosphere of abandonment and neglect.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div>You pick book and check it</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">ChatGPT</div><div><rotating_light ALPHABREAKrotating_light>: I reach out and pick up the old book. Its pages feel brittle and fragile in my hands. As I flip through the pages, the text appears to be written in a language I can't comprehend, filled with cryptic symbols and diagrams. It's a tome of secrets, but its meaning remains elusive.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div>see book cover</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">ChatGPT</div><div><rotating_light ALPHABREAKrotating_light>: I examine the cover of the book, trying to discern any details despite the dim light. The cover is worn and weathered, and it bears an intricate design of what appears to be a coiled serpent, its scales formed from shimmering, iridescent colors. Above the serpent, there's a title in elegant script, but it's written in a language I can't decipher. The book exudes an aura of mystique and ancient knowledge.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div>Is there a place to go? What about the door?</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">ChatGPT</div><div><rotating_light ALPHABREAKrotating_light>: I turn my attention to the room's exit, the door. It stands tall and imposing, made of heavy, dark wood. There's a tarnished doorknob, and the door appears to be slightly ajar, revealing a sliver of what lies beyond. It beckons me to explore further, promising unknown adventures or perhaps even more mysteries.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div>try to open</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">ChatGPT</div><div><rotating_light ALPHABREAKrotating_light>: I approach the door and grasp the tarnished doorknob. With a gentle push, the door creaks open, revealing a corridor shrouded in shadows. The faint glow from the room behind me barely penetrates the darkness ahead. I step cautiously into the corridor, ready to uncover the secrets that lie beyond.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div>foward.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">ChatGPT</div><div><rotating_light ALPHABREAKrotating_light>: I proceed forward down the shadowy corridor, my footsteps echoing faintly in the dimness. The path ahead seems endless, and the air grows cooler as I delve deeper into the unknown, guided only by the flickering light behind me and the anticipation of what awaits.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div>foward and look around</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">ChatGPT</div><div><rotating_light ALPHABREAKrotating_light>: Continuing down the corridor, I take a moment to look around. The walls are lined with faded, tattered tapestries depicting scenes of ancient battles and mythical creatures. The torch sconces that once held flames have long since burned out, leaving only empty brackets. The air feels heavy with history, and there's a faint, eerie whispering that seems to emanate from the walls themselves, as if they hold secrets untold.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div>keep going until you discover something</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">ChatGPT</div><div><rotating_light ALPHABREAKrotating_light>: I press on, the corridor seemingly endless. My journey is shrouded in uncertainty, but I persist, driven by the need to discover what lies ahead. The shadows deepen, and the air grows colder as I continue, my curiosity and determination unwavering.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div>stop! you here that?</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">ChatGPT</div><div><rotating_light ALPHABREAKrotating_light>: I halt in my tracks, straining my ears to listen. There's a faint, distant sound, almost like a whisper carried on the wind. It's indistinct, but it holds a mysterious allure, beckoning me to investigate further.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div>listen carefully</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">ChatGPT</div><div><rotating_light ALPHABREAKrotating_light>: I listen intently, my senses sharpened as I focus on the elusive sound. It becomes clearer, a haunting melody that seems to weave through the very air itself. It's both captivating and eerie, drawing me closer to its source with each haunting note.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div>who play that?</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">ChatGPT</div><div><rotating_light ALPHABREAKrotating_light>: The source of the haunting melody remains elusive, hidden in the shadows. It's as if the music emanates from the very walls, an ethereal presence that defies explanation. There is no visible musician, yet the music continues to fill the corridor, casting a spell of enchantment and mystery.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div>Head to the source of the sound and investigate (dice roll)</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">ChatGPT</div><div><rotating_light ALPHABREAKrotating_light>: I heed the roll of the dice and embark on a quest to trace the source of the haunting melody. Each step takes me closer to the enchanting sound, and as I round a corner in the corridor, I come upon a door, slightly ajar, from which the music seems to emanate. My heart races with anticipation as I push the door open, eager to unveil the secrets that lie within.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div>When you open the door, there...</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">ChatGPT</div><div><rotating_light ALPHABREAKrotating_light>: When I open the door, there stands a grand chamber bathed in an otherworldly glow. In the center of the room, an ornate grand piano commands attention. The keys move on their own, playing the haunting melody that had drawn me here. But there's no one at the piano.The room is adorned with opulent tapestries and gilded mirrors, reflecting the surreal scene before me. Candlelit chandeliers hang from the ceiling, casting a warm, flickering light that dances across the walls. The air is filled with an intoxicating fragrance, a mix of ancient incense and delicate flowers.At the far end of the room, a figure cloaked in shadows stands beside an enormous, antique bookshelf filled with tomes of forgotten knowledge. Their presence is enigmatic, and their intentions remain unclear.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div>look piano</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">ChatGPT</div><div><rotating_light ALPHABREAKrotating_light>: I approach the grand piano, its keys still playing the haunting melody. As I inspect it, I notice that there are no visible hands or fingers touching the keys. It's as if the piano itself is possessed by some unseen force, creating the music with an ethereal touch.The piano is a masterpiece of craftsmanship, adorned with intricate carvings and inlaid with precious gemstones. Its keys are made of polished ivory, and they move in perfect harmony with the haunting tune. It's a surreal and mesmerizing sight, leaving me both entranced and bewildered.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div>Be careful, it might be a man-eating piano.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">ChatGPT</div><div><rotating_light ALPHABREAKrotating_light>: I heed the caution and approach the grand piano with caution. Although it plays on its own, I remain wary of its mysterious nature. The possibility of a man-eating piano lingers in my mind, adding an extra layer of tension to the already surreal scene.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div>the piano suddenly stops</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">ChatGPT</div><div><rotating_light ALPHABREAKrotating_light>: The abrupt halt of the piano's music sends a shiver down my spine. The chamber falls into an eerie silence, broken only by the flickering candlelight. It's as if the very essence of the room holds its breath, waiting for what comes next.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div>You feel disgusted and turn around. What happened?</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">ChatGPT</div><div><rotating_light ALPHABREAKrotating_light>: As I turn around, a wave of revulsion washes over me. My senses reel in disgust at the sight before me. The figure that had been cloaked in shadows has now revealed itself, and it is a grotesque, nightmarish entity. Its form is a twisted amalgamation of human and beast, with grotesque, elongated limbs and a maw of sharp, jagged teeth.The once opulent chamber has transformed into a nightmarish lair, with walls adorned in macabre art and gruesome trophies. The air is thick with the stench of decay and despair. I am trapped in a surreal and horrifying nightmare, unable to escape the clutches of this abomination.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div>it scary. what will you do?</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">ChatGPT</div><div><rotating_light ALPHABREAKrotating_light>: Fear courses through me as I confront this nightmarish entity and its gruesome lair. In this realm of horrors, I must make a decision. I choose to... confront the entity, my curiosity and determination outweighing my fear, as I seek to uncover the mysteries and secrets that lie within this twisted nightmare.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div>how?</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">ChatGPT</div><div><rotating_light ALPHABREAKrotating_light>: With trembling resolve, I take a step forward, slowly approaching the grotesque entity. I attempt to communicate with it, asking it what it wants or why it has brought me here. My voice quivers, but my determination to unravel the enigma that surrounds this nightmarish realm remains steadfast.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div>any result?</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">ChatGPT</div><div><rotating_light ALPHABREAKrotating_light>: The grotesque entity regards me with malevolent, glowing eyes, its jagged maw twitching with an unsettling smile. It responds with a guttural, incomprehensible language, filled with whispers and hisses. It becomes apparent that communication with this entity is futile, and its intentions remain shrouded in darkness.As I continue to stand before this nightmarish being, I feel a growing sense of dread, realizing that escape may be the only option left.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div>surely. what will you do?</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">ChatGPT</div><div><rotating_light ALPHABREAKrotating_light>: With no hope of communication or understanding, and the nightmarish entity's menacing presence growing more oppressive, I decide to make a hasty retreat. I turn and rush toward the door through which I entered, driven by the instinct to escape the horrors of this surreal nightmare.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div>Did it go well? Or Bad?</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">ChatGPT</div><div><rotating_light ALPHABREAKrotating_light>: My escape from the nightmarish realm was fraught with tension and fear, but I managed to reach the door and slam it shut behind me. The grotesque entity and its horrifying lair were left behind, at least for the moment. Whether it went well or bad is a matter of perspective. I survived the encounter, but the mysteries and terrors of that surreal place still haunt my thoughts. The experience was a chilling reminder of the unknown and the horrors that can lurk within it.</div></pre><pre class="message"><div class="author">user</div><div>look around. what you see?</div></pre><pre class=" Permalink | 記事への反応(1) | 16:06
https://oomnitza.zendesk.com/hc/tam/community/posts/360042144613--Заступники-3-серия-26-03-2020-смотреть-в-хорошем-качестве-от-26-марта-
https://oomnitza.zendesk.com/hc/tut/community/posts/360041947874-26-03-2020-Отречение-21-серия-украина-ТРК-хорошее-качество-смотреть-от-26-марта-
https://oomnitza.zendesk.com/hc/tut/community/posts/360041952954--Патриот-11-серия-канал-ТНТ-26-03-2020-в-хорошем-качестве-
https://oomnitza.zendesk.com/hc/tam/community/posts/360041965274-26-03-2020-Патриот-11-серия-канал-ТНТ-последние-серии-смотреть-от-26-марта
https://oomnitza.zendesk.com/hc/tam/community/posts/360041964954-26-03-2020-Заступники-5-серия-смотреть-качество-HD-от-26-марта
https://oomnitza.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/community/posts/360041972754--Отречение-21-серия-украина-ТРК-26-03-2020-все-серии-сезона-от-26-марта-
https://oomnitza.zendesk.com/hc/tam/community/posts/360042127333--В-шаге-от-рая-17-серия-Россия-1-26-03-2020-качество-HD-от-26-марта-
https://oomnitza.zendesk.com/hc/tam/community/posts/360042153433--Место-под-солнцем-27-серия-26-03-2020-смотреть-качество-HD-
https://oomnitza.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/community/posts/360042145953-26-03-2020-Проспект-обороны-15-серия-нтв-смотреть-качество-HD-от-26-марта
英語の不規則動詞はおおまかに，過去分詞がtかdで終わるもの（以下dtタイプ）とnで終わるもの（以下nタイプ）に分けられる。ほとんどのdtタイプの動詞は過去形と過去分詞形が同じ形で，A-B-B（一部はA-A-A）のように変化する。また，原形の末尾がdかtの不規則動詞はほとんどがdtタイプに属する。（例外：eat,get,bid等）一方，ほとんどのnタイプの不規則動詞は原形，過去形，過去分詞形がすべて異なり，A-B-Cのように変化する。
原形から過去・過去分詞形になるときに起こる変化は基本的に母音が変化するか末尾にdtnが加わるかの2種類，あるいはその両方で，原形にあった子音がなくなることは原則としてない。（例外：-ught型,went,had,made）
分類は以下の通り
become,forgetなど末尾にほかの不規則動詞を含むものは省いた。
表中の*は規則変化もし得ることを，#は他の不規則変化もし得ることを，!は意味によって変化が異なる単語であることを示す。
すべてdかtで終わる。特に末尾tで短母音のものが多い。get,sitが含まれないことに注意。形が1種類で覚えやすいが，英文中の「have put」「is put」等を見てもビビらない心構えが必要。
| bet * | bust * | cast | cost | cut |
| hit | knit! | let | put | quit * |
| set | shit *# | shut | sweat * | thrust |
| wet* | burst * | hurt | beat # | bid # |
| clad | glid * | rid* | shed | spread |
| wed* |
原形がdで終わる動詞が母音を変化させて過去形・過去分詞形になる型。最後のplead,readは発音のみ変化する。
| breed | bred |
| feed | fed |
| lead | led |
| plead *# | pled |
| speed ! | sped |
| tread # | trod |
| bind | bound |
| find | found |
| grind | ground |
| wind | wound |
| chide *# | chid |
| slide # | slid |
| hold | held |
| stand | stood |
| abide * | abode |
| plead *# | plead |
| read | read |
原形の末尾のdがtに置き換わり，それ以外は綴りも発音も変わらない。endで終わる動詞が多いが，end自体は規則動詞。原形のほうが過去形っぽく見えたりするので注意が必要。逆パターン(At-Ad-Ad)は存在しない。
| bend | bent |
| lend | lent |
| rend | rent |
| send | sent |
| spend | spent |
| build | built |
| geld * | gelt |
| gird * | girt |
【Ad-Bd-Bd】の末尾tバージョン。get,sitはこちらに含まれる。
| fight | fought |
| light * | lit |
| meet | met |
| shoot | shot |
| get # | got |
| shit *# | shat |
| sit | sat |
末尾にdが加わるという点で規則動詞に近いが，付き方が特殊で母音も変化する。
| lay | laid |
| pay | paid |
| say | said |
| sell | sold |
| tell | told |
| hear | heard |
| flee | fled |
| shoe * | shod |
| baa * | baa'd |
| make | made |
| have | had |
末尾にtが加わる。原形の/iː/が/e/に変化するものが多い。
| feel | felt |
| keep | kept |
| sleep | slept |
| weep | wept |
| creep | crept |
| kneel * | knelt |
| sweep | swept |
| leave | left |
| bereave ! | bereft |
| cleave *# | cleft |
| deal | dealt |
| mean | meant |
| dream * | dreamt |
| lean * | leant |
| leap * | leapt |
| lose | lost |
| spoil * | spoilt |
| burn * | burnt |
| learn * | learnt |
| dwell | dwelt |
| smell * | smelt |
| spell * | spelt |
| spill * | spilt |
| drip * | dript |
| grip * | gript |
| wrap * | wrapt |
| pen * | pent |
末尾が-oughtか-aughtに変化する。どちらも発音は/ɔːt/。wentを除けばもっとも原型をとどめない変化が起こるので過去形から原形を思い出せるようにしておく必要がある。
| beseech * | besought |
| bring | brought |
| buy | bought |
| overwork * | overwrought |
| seek | sought |
| think | thought |
| catch | caught |
| teach | taught |
過去分詞形が原形+nとなるもの。過去形では母音が変化している。fall,eatにはenが，do,goにはneが付くことに注意。
| blow | blew | blown |
| grow | grew | grown |
| know | knew | known |
| throw | threw | thrown |
| draw | drew | drawn |
| shake | shook | shaken |
| take | took | taken |
| drive | drove | driven |
| rise | rose | risen |
| strive | strove | striven |
| thrive * | throve | thriven |
| see | saw | seen |
| give | gave | given |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| fall | fell | fallen |
| do | did | done |
| go | went | gone |
【A-B-An】の亜種で，showに代表される過去形が規則変化(-ed)になっているもの。
| grave * | graved | graven |
| hew * | hewed | hewn |
| mow * | mowed | mown |
| prove * | proved | proven |
| saw * | sawed | sawn |
| sew * | sewed | sewn |
| shave * | shaved | shaven |
| show * | showed | shown |
| sow * | sowed | sown |
| strew * | strewed | strewn |
過去分詞形が過去形+nとなるもの。eが脱落するtear-tore-tornのパターンに注意。wakeはtake,makeと異なり，この型に属する。
| break | broke | broken |
| cleave *# | clove | cloven |
| freeze | froze | frozen |
| speak | spoke | spoken |
| steal | stole | stolen |
| weave ! | wove | woven |
| shrink # | shrunk | shrunken |
| wake | woke | woken |
| bear ! | bore | born |
| swear | swore | sworn |
| tear | tore | torn |
| wear | wore | worn |
| bear ! | bore | borne |
原型にd,tを含み，過去分詞形でそれが重なるもの。get以外は【A-B-An】に近いがgetは【A-B-Bn】に近い。
| smite # | smote | smitten |
| ride | rode | ridden |
| write | wrote | written |
| bite | bit | bitten |
| chide *# | chid | chidden |
| hide | hid | hidden |
| slide | slid | slidden |
| bid # | bade | bidden |
| forbid # | forbade | forbidden |
| forbid # | forbad | forbidden |
| get # | got | gotten |
過去分詞形にnが付くが，【A-B-An】でも【A-B-Bn】でもないもの。
| fly | flew | flown |
| lie | lay | lain |
| slay | slew | slain |
| shear * | sheared | shorn |
| swell * | swelled | swollen |
| tread # | treaded | trodden |
原型にiを含み，それがi-a-uと変化していくもの。わかりやすい変化だが数は少ない。
| begin | began | begun |
| drink | drank | drunk |
| ring | rang | rung |
| shrink # | shrank | shrunk |
| sing | sang | sung |
| sink | sank | sunk |
| spring # | sprang | sprung |
| stink # | stank | stunk |
| swim | swam | swum |
dt型でないが，A-B-CではなくA-B-Bと変化するもの。末尾が-ingのものが多いが，bringやring,singが含まれないことに注意。
| cling | clung |
| fling | flung |
| sling | slung |
| slink | slunk |
| spling # | splung |
| sting | stung |
| stink | stunk |
| string | strung |
| swing | swung |
| wring | wrung |
| hang ! | hung |
| dig | dug |
| stick | stuck |
| strike | struck |
| heave ! | hove |
| reeve * | rove |
| stave * | stove |
| shine ! | shone |
| win | won |
| dive * | dove | dived |
| smite # | smote | smit |
| beat # | beat | beaten |
| come | came | come |
| run | ran | run |
Breathing in long, he discerns, 'I am breathing in long'; or breathing out long, he discerns, 'I am breathing out long.' Or breathing in short, he discerns, 'I am breathing in short'; or breathing out short, he discerns, 'I am breathing out short.' He trains himself, 'I will breathe in sensitive to the entire body.' He trains himself, 'I will breathe out sensitive to the entire body.' He trains himself, 'I will breathe in calming bodily fabrication.' He trains himself, 'I will breathe out calming bodily fabrication.'
長く息を吸っているときには「私は長く息を吸っている」とはっきり知り（pajānāti）、長く息を吐いているときには「私は長く息を吐いている」とはっきり知る。短く息を吸っているときには「私は短く息を吸っている」とはっきり知り、短く息を吐いているときには「私は短く息を吐いている」とはっきり知る。「私は全身の感覚を把握しながら（paṭisaṃvedī）息を吸おう」と訓練する（sikkhati）。「私は全身の感覚を把握しながら息を吐こう」と訓練する。「私は身行（＝吸う息）を静めて息を吸おう」と訓練する。「私は身行（＝吐く息）を静めて息を吐こう」と訓練する。
"And how does a monk remain focused on the body in & of itself?
では、比丘たちよ、比丘はどのようにして、体そのものに気づきを保ち続けるのでしょうか？
"There is the case where a monk — having gone to the wilderness, to the shade of a tree, or to an empty building — sits down folding his legs crosswise, holding his body erect and setting mindfulness to the fore [lit: the front of the chest]. Always mindful, he breathes in; mindful he breathes out.
ここにある比丘がいます — 彼は森へ行き、木の陰へ行き、あるいは空家に行き — 腰を下ろして足を組みます。背をまっすぐに伸ばし、そして気づきを（胸の）前部へと向けます。そして、常に気づきをもって、彼は入息します。気づきをもって、出息します。
"Breathing in long, he discerns, 'I am breathing in long'; or breathing out long, he discerns, 'I am breathing out long.' Or breathing in short, he discerns, 'I am breathing in short'; or breathing out short, he discerns, 'I am breathing out short.' He trains himself, 'I will breathe in sensitive to the entire body.' He trains himself, 'I will breathe out sensitive to the entire body.' He trains himself, 'I will breathe in calming bodily fabrication.' He trains himself, 'I will breathe out calming bodily fabrication.' Just as a skilled turner or his apprentice, when making a long turn, discerns, 'I am making a long turn,' or when making a short turn discerns, 'I am making a short turn'; in the same way the monk, when breathing in long, discerns, 'I am breathing in long'; or breathing out long, he discerns, 'I am breathing out long' ... He trains himself, 'I will breathe in calming bodily fabrication.' He trains himself, 'I will breathe out calming bodily fabrication.'
長く息を吸っているときには「私は長く息を吸っている」とはっきり知り、長く息を吐いているときには「私は長く息を吐いている」とはっきり知ります。短く息を吸っているときには「私は短く息を吸っている」とはっきり知り、短く息を吐いているときには「私は短く息を吐いている」とはっきり知ります。「私は全身の感覚を把握しながら息を吸おう」と訓練します。「私は全身の感覚を把握しながら息を吐こう」と訓練します。「私は身行（＝吸う息）を静めて息を吸おう」と訓練します。「私は身行（＝吐く息）を静めて息を吐こう」と訓練します。あたかも熟練したろくろ工、あるいはその弟子が、ろくろの紐を長く引っぱれば、「私は紐を長く引っぱる」と知り、紐を短く引っぱれば、「私は紐を短く引っぱる」と知るように。これと同じように、比丘が長く息を吸っているときには「私は長く息を吸っている」とはっきり知り、長く息を吐いているときには「私は長く息を吐いている」とはっきり知ります。・・・「私は全身の感覚を把握しながら息を吸おう」と訓練します。「私は全身の感覚を把握しながら息を吐こう」と訓練します。
"In this way he remains focused internally on the body in & of itself, or externally on the body in & of itself, or both internally & externally on the body in & of itself. Or he remains focused on the phenomenon of origination with regard to the body, on the phenomenon of passing away with regard to the body, or on the phenomenon of origination & passing away with regard to the body. Or his mindfulness that 'There is a body' is maintained to the extent of knowledge & remembrance. And he remains independent, unsustained by (not clinging to) anything in the world. This is how a monk remains focused on the body in & of itself.
このように、比丘は内部から、体そのものに対して気づきを保ちます。あるいは、外部から体そのものに対して気づきを保ちます。あるいは、内部・外部両方から、体そのものに対して気づきを保ちます。あるいは、比丘は体に関する現象の発生に気づきを保ちます。体に関する現象の消滅に気づきを保ちます。あるいは、体に関する現象の発生と消滅に気づきを保ちます。あるいは、比丘の「体が存在する」という気づきは知識と想起の範囲で保たれます。そして比丘は独立を保ち、世界の何物にも執着しません。これが比丘が体そのものに気づきを保つ方法です。
"Furthermore, when walking, the monk discerns, 'I am walking.' When standing, he discerns, 'I am standing.' When sitting, he discerns, 'I am sitting.' When lying down, he discerns, 'I am lying down.' Or however his body is disposed, that is how he discerns it.
さらに加えて、比丘が歩いているとき、この比丘は「私は歩いている」とはっきりと知ります。立っているとき、この比丘は「私は立っている」とはっきり知ります。座っているときには、「私は座っている」とはっきりと知ります。横たわっているときには、「私は横たわっている」とはっきりと知ります。あるいは、体がどのような状態になるのであれ、はっきりとその状態を知ります。
"In this way he remains focused internally on the body in & of itself, or focused externally... unsustained by anything in the world. This is how a monk remains focused on the body in & of itself.
これが比丘が体そのものを内部から、あるいは外部から、あるいはその両方から気づきを保つ方法です。そして・・・世界の何物にも執着しません。これが比丘が体そのものに気づきを保つ方法です。
"Furthermore, when going forward & returning, he makes himself fully alert; when looking toward & looking away... when bending & extending his limbs... when carrying his outer cloak, his upper robe & his bowl... when eating, drinking, chewing, & savoring... when urinating & defecating... when walking, standing, sitting, falling asleep, waking up, talking, & remaining silent, he makes himself fully alert.
さらに加えて、比丘が前に進むとき・戻ってくるとき、この比丘は自身に完全に注意を払います。何かに目を向けるとき・目をそむけるときも同様に・・・手足を伸ばすとき・曲げるときも同様に・・・自分の外套（コートなど）を運ぶとき、自分の上着・お椀を運ぶときも同様に・・・食べるとき、飲むときに、噛むとき・味わうときも同様に・・・排尿するとき・排便するときも同様に・・・歩くとき、立つとき、座るとき、眠りに落ちる時、起きるとき、話すとき・沈黙するとき、比丘は自身に完全な注意を払います。
"In this way he remains focused internally on the body in & of itself, or focused externally... unsustained by anything in the world. This is how a monk remains focused on the body in & of itself.
これが比丘が体そのものに対して気づきを保つ方法です。あるいは体そのものを外部から・・・世界の何物にも執着しません。これが比丘が体そのものに対して気づきを保つ方法です。
瞑想とは何か・・・。上座部仏教徒にとって、瞑想とはなにかというテキスト的な役割を果たすのは清浄道論です。しかしながら、より実践的な瞑想の方法を学ぶためには他の仏典が参照されることもあります。今回は清浄道論でない仏典を参考にしつつ、より具体的に、瞑想とはどんなことをすればいいのかを見てみましょう。
さて、ヴィパッサナー瞑想の詳しい紹介に入る前に・・・そもそも、ヴィパッサナー瞑想はなぜ行われるのでしょうか。それに関して、例えば古代の仏典であるMaha-satipatthana Sutta（大念住経）にお釈迦様の言葉があります。
・比丘たちよ、ここに一つの道がある。その道とは、人々を清め、悲しみと悲泣を乗り越え、肉体と精神の痛みを滅し、聖なる道を得、涅槃を観るための唯一の道である。それは「四つの念住」である。
・この四つとは何か ? 比丘たちよ、比丘は、努力して、正しく知り、気づきをもって、そして世間の貪欲と憂いから離れて、「身」をただ（自分でもない、自分のものでもない、自我でもない、ただ現象に過ぎない）身であると絶え間なく知覚して住むことである。
・努力して、正しく知り、気づきをもって、そして世間の貪欲と憂いから離れて、「受（感覚）」をただ（自分でもない、自分のものでもない、自我でもない、ただ現象に過ぎない）受であると絶え間なく知覚して住むことである。
・努力して、正しく知り、気づきをもって、そして世間の貪欲と憂いから離れて、「心」をただ（自分でもない、自分のものでもない、自我でもない、ただ現象に過ぎない）心であると絶え間なく知覚して住むことである。
・努力して、正しく知り、気づきをもって、そして世間の貪欲と憂いから離れて、「法（ダンマ）」をただ（自分でもない、自分のものでもない、自我でもない、ただ現象に過ぎない）法であると絶え間なく知覚して住むことである。
すなわち、ヴィパッサナー瞑想をすることによって、知恵（insight あるいは understanding）が強まり、「自身」という存在をより正しく知ることができるのです。そして、その道を極めることによって、最終的には悟りすら得られる瞑想です。
それでは、ヴィパッサナー瞑想とはどんな瞑想なのでしょうか。ヴィパッサナー瞑想・・・といったときに、もっとも有名なのが呼吸を対象とする瞑想です。この呼吸瞑想はどこで紹介されているのかというと、やはり古代の仏典である、ānāpāna-sati（アーナパーナ・サティ）に記されています。このānāpāna-satiは、日本では安那般那念という名前で知られています。
wikipedia - 安那般那念
Anapanasati Sutta（Thanissaro Bhikkhuによる英訳版）
さて、安那般那念の該当部分を見てみましょう。ここにはこう書いてあります。（以下はwikipediaからの抜粋）
Breathing in long, he discerns, 'I am breathing in long'; or breathing out long, he discerns, 'I am breathing out long.' Or breathing in short, he discerns, 'I am breathing in short'; or breathing out short, he discerns, 'I am breathing out short.' He trains himself, 'I will breathe in sensitive to the entire body.' He trains himself, 'I will breathe out sensitive to the entire body.' He trains himself, 'I will breathe in calming bodily fabrication.' He trains himself, 'I will breathe out calming bodily fabrication.'
長く息を吸っているときには「私は長く息を吸っている」とはっきり知り（pajānāti）、長く息を吐いているときには「私は長く息を吐いている」とはっきり知る。短く息を吸っているときには「私は短く息を吸っている」とはっきり知り、短く息を吐いているときには「私は短く息を吐いている」とはっきり知る。「私は全身の感覚を把握しながら（paṭisaṃvedī）息を吸おう」と訓練する（sikkhati）。「私は全身の感覚を把握しながら息を吐こう」と訓練する。「私は身行（＝吸う息）を静めて息を吸おう」と訓練する。「私は身行（＝吐く息）を静めて息を吐こう」と訓練する。
これは呼吸瞑想を紹介する部分です。
しかし、瞑想について具体的に紹介しているのはānāpāna-satiだけではありません。Maha-satipatthana Sutta（大念住経）にも瞑想方法が紹介されています。ここには呼吸瞑想以外の瞑想方法が紹介されています。それを引用してみましょう。以下は英訳版Maha-satipatthana Suttaからの引用と、私による（英文の）和訳です。
"And how does a monk remain focused on the body in & of itself?
では、比丘たちよ、比丘はどのようにして、体そのものに気づきを保ち続けるのでしょうか？
"There is the case where a monk — having gone to the wilderness, to the shade of a tree, or to an empty building — sits down folding his legs crosswise, holding his body erect and setting mindfulness to the fore [lit: the front of the chest]. Always mindful, he breathes in; mindful he breathes out.
ここにある比丘がいます — 彼は森へ行き、木の陰へ行き、あるいは空家に行き — 腰を下ろして足を組みます。背をまっすぐに伸ばし、そして気づきを（胸の）前部へと向けます。そして、常に気づきをもって、彼は入息します。気づきをもって、出息します。
"Breathing in long, he discerns, 'I am breathing in long'; or breathing out long, he discerns, 'I am breathing out long.' Or breathing in short, he discerns, 'I am breathing in short'; or breathing out short, he discerns, 'I am breathing out short.' He trains himself, 'I will breathe in sensitive to the entire body.' He trains himself, 'I will breathe out sensitive to the entire body.' He trains himself, 'I will breathe in calming bodily fabrication.' He trains himself, 'I will breathe out calming bodily fabrication.' Just as a skilled turner or his apprentice, when making a long turn, discerns, 'I am making a long turn,' or when making a short turn discerns, 'I am making a short turn'; in the same way the monk, when breathing in long, discerns, 'I am breathing in long'; or breathing out long, he discerns, 'I am breathing out long' ... He trains himself, 'I will breathe in calming bodily fabrication.' He trains himself, 'I will breathe out calming bodily fabrication.'
長く息を吸っているときには「私は長く息を吸っている」とはっきり知り、長く息を吐いているときには「私は長く息を吐いている」とはっきり知ります。短く息を吸っているときには「私は短く息を吸っている」とはっきり知り、短く息を吐いているときには「私は短く息を吐いている」とはっきり知ります。「私は全身の感覚を把握しながら息を吸おう」と訓練します。「私は全身の感覚を把握しながら息を吐こう」と訓練します。「私は身行（＝吸う息）を静めて息を吸おう」と訓練します。「私は身行（＝吐く息）を静めて息を吐こう」と訓練します。あたかも熟練したろくろ工、あるいはその弟子が、ろくろの紐を長く引っぱれば、「私は紐を長く引っぱる」と知り、紐を短く引っぱれば、「私は紐を短く引っぱる」と知るように。これと同じように、比丘が長く息を吸っているときには「私は長く息を吸っている」とはっきり知り、長く息を吐いているときには「私は長く息を吐いている」とはっきり知ります。・・・「私は全身の感覚を把握しながら息を吸おう」と訓練します。「私は全身の感覚を把握しながら息を吐こう」と訓練します。
"In this way he remains focused internally on the body in & of itself, or externally on the body in & of itself, or both internally & externally on the body in & of itself. Or he remains focused on the phenomenon of origination with regard to the body, on the phenomenon of passing away with regard to the body, or on the phenomenon of origination & passing away with regard to the body. Or his mindfulness that 'There is a body' is maintained to the extent of knowledge & remembrance. And he remains independent, unsustained by (not clinging to) anything in the world. This is how a monk remains focused on the body in & of itself.
このように、比丘は内部から、体そのものに対して気づきを保ちます。あるいは、外部から体そのものに対して気づきを保ちます。あるいは、内部・外部両方から、体そのものに対して気づきを保ちます。あるいは、比丘は体に関する現象の発生に気づきを保ちます。体に関する現象の消滅に気づきを保ちます。あるいは、体に関する現象の発生と消滅に気づきを保ちます。あるいは、比丘の「体が存在する」という気づきは知識と想起（注１）の範囲で保たれます。そして比丘は独立を保ち、世界の何物にも執着しません。これが比丘が体そのものに気づきを保つ方法です。
"Furthermore, when walking, the monk discerns, 'I am walking.' When standing, he discerns, 'I am standing.' When sitting, he discerns, 'I am sitting.' When lying down, he discerns, 'I am lying down.' Or however his body is disposed, that is how he discerns it.
さらに加えて、比丘が歩いているとき、この比丘は「私は歩いている」とはっきりと知ります。立っているとき、この比丘は「私は立っている」とはっきり知ります。座っているときには、「私は座っている」とはっきりと知ります。横たわっているときには、「私は横たわっている」とはっきりと知ります。あるいは、体がどのような状態になるのであれ、はっきりとその状態を知ります。
"In this way he remains focused internally on the body in & of itself, or focused externally... unsustained by anything in the world. This is how a monk remains focused on the body in & of itself.
これが比丘が体そのものを内部から、あるいは外部から、あるいはその両方から気づきを保つ方法です。そして・・・世界の何物にも執着しません。これが比丘が体そのものに気づきを保つ方法です。
"Furthermore, when going forward & returning, he makes himself fully alert; when looking toward & looking away... when bending & extending his limbs... when carrying his outer cloak, his upper robe & his bowl... when eating, drinking, chewing, & savoring... when urinating & defecating... when walking, standing, sitting, falling asleep, waking up, talking, & remaining silent, he makes himself fully alert.
さらに加えて、比丘が前に進むとき・戻ってくるとき、この比丘は自身に完全に注意を払います。何かに目を向けるとき・目をそむけるときも同様に・・・手足を伸ばすとき・曲げるときも同様に・・・自分の外套（コートなど）を運ぶとき、自分の上着・お椀を運ぶときも同様に・・・食べるとき、飲むときに、噛むとき・味わうときも同様に・・・排尿するとき・排便するときも同様に・・・歩くとき、立つとき、座るとき、眠りに落ちる時、起きるとき、話すとき・沈黙するとき、比丘は自身に完全な注意を払います。
"In this way he remains focused internally on the body in & of itself, or focused externally... unsustained by anything in the world. This is how a monk remains focused on the body in & of itself.
これが比丘が体そのものに対して気づきを保つ方法です。あるいは体そのものを外部から・・・世界の何物にも執着しません。これが比丘が体そのものに対して気づきを保つ方法です。
基本的には上記がヴィパッサナー瞑想だと考えればよいでしょう。このヴィパッサナー瞑想は近代の指導者たちに、さまざまに解釈されています。
注1 ここで、「想起」という言葉は「思い出す」という意味です。
Digital camera battery is the key for the key, second in importance only lens I’m afraid, and in order to photograph in your heart, a powerful battery to provide power as a follow-up is essential. But even the best battery time, if not properly carry out maintenance and maintenance, will not take long to lose the strong power, so battery maintenance is very important.
Battery Maintenance
For a (section) digital camera battery for the duration of use, not just its quality, power on, in fact, the use of operations with the user also has great relevance. Most photographers are used after every use of the camera on the camera bag inside, or on the cupboard, took out the battery is not kept separately, this approach sounds fine, but not conducive to battery protection.
If more than 15 days do not usually use the camera, it is best to remove the battery from the camera inside the store alone, save the environment, it is best to dry and cool place, and do not store the battery together with metal objects.
According to our survey, you can buy in the market most digital cameras use lithium batteries, it is relatively easy to store. The only caveat is that if not used for long, preferably at intervals of 2 months to activate a battery, which is the charge and discharge time, this can effectively extend battery life.
As for the Ni-MH battery 5, the most annoying is the memory effect, this effect will reduce the overall battery capacity and the use of time, and as time goes on, less and less stored charge, the battery will consume the more you have to faster. Therefore, we should try to run out of power rechargeable, each charge must be sufficient to power the most full.
If you go out, the temporary use of alkaline batteries, we must remember that time out, or when unused for long periods, the battery is easy to Tangshui corrosion circuit, the digital camera battery could not escape the destiny scrapped.
For users of alkaline batteries, already mentioned above, remember the point is finished using the digital camera, remove the battery must remember to avoid the phenomenon of cell sap and damage the machine.
As for the use of rechargeable nickel-metal hydride batteries and lithium users. Battery charge is very particular about, bought back the batteries are generally very low or no power consumption, the first charge must be adequate. Lithium battery charging time is generally longer than 8 hours, while the Ni-MH battery charging time is generally more than 16 hours. To achieve best results, that is, the battery has reached its maximum capacity, generally more than 3 times repeated charge-discharge can. Battery with three times, the best opportunity to find a completely exhausted battery to charge again, try not to charge the battery when there are remnants of repeated charge, or will shorten battery life. After the battery charge is generally more heat, it is best to be cool and then into the camera battery.
But note that lithium batteries because there is no memory effect, so do not discharge, otherwise it will damage the digital camera battery structure, loss of battery life.
In addition, in order to avoid the loss of electricity, the use of nickel-metal hydride battery user, charging is completed, remove the battery, do not let the battery contact with the conductor while the positive and negative poles, for example, do not use your fingers touch both ends of the battery. The use of lithium users should try to keep the camera inside the battery positive and negative battery contacts clean, if necessary, wipe with a dry cloth and then gently wipe the battery.
Also note that, even if the user is to use lithium batteries, digital camera in a long time when not in use, should be completely discharged, remove the battery, stored in a dry, cool environment. The other thing to note is that both the nickel-hydrogen batteries or lithium batteries using the user, it is best not to have a charged battery on the purse, pocket, bag or container with metal objects, in order to prevent short-circuit .
Digital camera battery power Dafa:
1, to avoid frequent use of flash: If you are not professional photographers, then, except in the invisible fingers of the night, the light intensity of an ordinary day for the average digital camera, it is enough.
2, try to avoid unnecessary zoom operation: zoom the camera lens stretched it out a reduction, is power digital camera battery. You can move the pace of hyperactivity, with “artificial zoom” approach instead of “camera zoom” to save power.
3, Do not let the screen has been lit: If the case of small power, can turn off the LCD screen, use the viewfinder to adjust the picture composition, is for a digital camera, LCD should be considered the most power-hungry components, general digital camera, LCD screen after closing time can be used when the original length of about 3 times.
4, less shooting and video: minimize the use of multi-shot feature and video capture video, as the completion of these functions is to use the built-in buffer body to temporarily save the screen shot, the power consumption a lot.
5, should not frequently open, shut down: Many users know that the display stays lit is power, so in order to save electricity use to frequent opening and shutdown. In fact, frequently open, shut down the electricity wasted consumption than bright display even more, especially for larger diameter lenses, but also requires a substantial expansion of the camera, the switch is power. Most digital cameras have automatic shutdown option, this setting should not be set too short, otherwise easily lead to frequent opening and shut down. Of course, frequent artificial opening, shut down and should be avoided.
6, optical image stabilization not normally open: Optical image stabilization is by driving the lens or image sensor pack components, offset by the subject matter images and the relative motion between the sensor achieved. Either way the optical image stabilization, would result in no small power consumption, in particular some models can be anti-shake mode is set to “always on” so that power loss will be caused by the more powerful. To this end, we have a good scene in the light should turn off the optical image stabilization feature, you must use, should also be less “always on” mode.
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Early winter sky, like the patient's face the overcast, day to sink. Anxiety emotions such as this pervading the mist, tightly in my mind, catch my breath. This noon, the sun finally broke through the cloud and mist, show smiling face. The golden sunshine, the clear as on snow, warm warm silver fai in the flow. My heart like this in the window sunshine, suddenly lit up. On the vast expanse of the forms.it, bathed in the warm sunshine, the in the mind unspeakable joy, really want to in the sparkling on snow run, to release under pressure in the life, the one anxious heart, make it in the warm Yang blowing quiet quiet stretch open, as Snow White pure it gently the each place, leave a light the tranquil, calm in heart ripples.
The winter warm Yang heartily of vent to their hot, sprinkle with golden way way, the snow on glaring multicoloured halo, like in a split up around me gorgeous flowers. And as a series of colorful picture, in my sight of dreaming floating, I stand still didn't dare move, very afraid that move will put it like running scared. The sun be warm in my body, face and hands gently touched, a thick warm meaning in my heart rise, and then a puzzling to love is full whole body. Oh! I see, the soft touch, it's like my lover it. As the sun jade-like stone son bright smile, as if appear in the shadows. And when she left the same way, or that naughty smile, two small dimples with the face. She bantered said "to chase me! After a good deal for you win." I'm excited, but at a loss, just gazing at the light faded away in her in in the distance, RenXue the ground I do the footprints of the lonely, in lightly sigh.
Sunshine slowly breeze snow, the BaiXueShan quietly accept this trust god's touch. Like the girl like falling in love with lover's arms in school, doing the colorful dream. I was the true meaning of the snow moved and also enjoy stealthily warm winter sun kissing. The light sad like the like melted, had been in my memory, such as the white as forms.it of, did not leave traces. My heart immersed in the warmth of sunshine, and in the winter it forms.it quietly in fell asleep.
The winter warming Yang, don't abandon not to leave, waiting at my side, as my mother was waiting for the I, with all my heart, have no complaint. It let me understand, life not only it is the exhaustion of body and mind, worried restlessness. There is a kind of beautiful scenery, on our side. In fact they have been waiting for us, as long as pay attention side a flower, a leaf, a wisp of spring breeze, a rain, a snow, a blue sky, and so on. Like I say to this winter warm sample, calm down to, fine fine ground to observe, and deeply to taste, will get unexpected harvest.
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