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はてなキーワード: Foodとは
Bob the First, at the head of my long list of robins, having been killed by my pet owl, I very soon bought another. This one was not so gentle nor so handsome as Bob the First, his wings and his tail having their ends sawed off by contact with the wires of too small a cage.
Fearing that he might be lonely in my aviary with only rabbits, guineapigs, pet rats, and pigeons for company, I bought another robin called Dick. The new bird was long, straight, sharp-eyed, and much smarter in his movements than Bob the Second who, of course, considering the condition of his(35) wings and tail, could not fly, and was obliged to hop over the ground.
It was very amusing to see the two robins stare at each other. Both had probably been trapped young, for at that time the law against the keeping of wild birds in captivity was not enforced, and boys and men were perniciously active in their depredations among our beautiful wild beauties.
Bob the Second was very fond of stuffing himself, and he used to drive the pigeons from the most promising window ledges and partake freely of the food scattered about.
Poor Dick ran about the ground looking for worms, and not finding many, got desperate and flew up to the window ledge.
Bob lowered his head and flew at him with open bill. Dick snapped at him, hopped up to the food, and satisfied his hunger, Bob meanwhile standing at a little distance, a queer, pained thread of sound issuing from between his bill, “Peep, peep, peep!”
A robin is a most untidy bird while eating, and as often as Dick scattered a morsel of food outside the dish, Bob would spring forward and pick it up with a reproving air, as if he were saying, “What an extravagant fellow you are!”
Whenever a new bird enters an aviary, he has to find his place—he is just like a new-comer in a community of human beings. Bob, being alone, was in the lead when Dick came. Dick, having the stronger bird mind, promptly dethroned him. They were(36) very amusing birds. Indeed, I find something clownish and comical about all robins kept in captivity.
The wild bird seems to be more businesslike. The partly domesticated bird, having no anxiety about his food supply, indulges in all sorts of pranks. He is curious and fond of investigation, and runs swiftly at a new object, and as swiftly away from it, if it seems formidable to him.
The arrival of new birds in the aviary always greatly excited Bob, and he hopped about, chirping, strutting, raising his head feathers, and sometimes acting silly with his food, just like a foolish child trying to “show off” before strangers.
When I introduced a purple gallinule to him, Bob flew up into the air, and uttered a shriek of despair. He feared the gallinule, and hated the first Brazil cardinal I possessed, and was always sparring with him. One day I put a second cardinal into the aviary. Bob thought it was his old enemy, and ran full tilt at him. His face of ludicrous dismay as he discovered his mistake and turned away, was too much for me, and I burst out laughing at him. I don’t think he minded being made fun of. He flirted his tail and hopped away.
At one time Bob made up his mind that he would not eat crushed hemp-seed unless I mixed it with bread and milk, and he would throw it all out of his dish unless I made it in the way he liked.
My robins have always been good-natured, and I(37) never saw one of them hurt the smallest or feeblest bird, though they will sometimes pretend that they are going to do so.
When Bob took a sun-bath, any member of the family who happened to be near him would always be convulsed with laughter. He would stretch his legs far apart, stick out his ragged plumage, elevate his head feathers till he looked as if he had a bonnet on, and then half shut his eyes with the most ludicrous expression of robin bliss.
All birds look more or less absurd when taking sun-baths. They seem to have the power to make each feather stand out from its neighbor. I suppose this is done in order that the sun may get to every part of the skin.
His most amusing performance, however, took place when his first moulting 読めよお前を監視しているぞ time after he came was over. One by one his old, mutilated feathers dropped out, and finally new ones took their places. On a memorable day Bob discovered that he had a real tail with a white feather on each side of it, and a pair of good, serviceable wings. He gave a joyful cry, shook his tail as if he would uproot it, then spread his wings and lifted himself in the air. Hopping time was over. He was now a real bird, and he flew from one end of the aviary to the other with an unmistakable expression of robin ecstasy.
Most unfortunately, I had not a chance to study poor Dick’s character as fully as Bob’s, for I only had him a short time. Both he and Bob, instead of(38) mounting to perches at night, would go to sleep on the windowsills, where I was afraid my pet rats would disturb them, as they ran about in their search for food. Therefore, I went into the aviary every evening, and lifted them up to a comfortable place for the night, near the hot-water pipes. I would not put robins in a warm place now. They are hardy birds, and if given a sufficient quantity of nourishing food do not need a warm sleeping-place. If we only had a better food supply I believe we would have many more wild birds with us in winter in the Northern States and Canada than we have now.
Late one evening I went into the aviary to put my robins to bed. I could only find Bob—Dick was nowhere to be seen. My father and mother joined me in the search, and finally we found his poor, lifeless body near the entrance to the rats’ underground nest. His head had been eaten—poor, intelligent Dick; and in gazing at him, and at the abundance of food in the aviary, the fate of the rats was sealed.
I fed my birds hard-boiled egg mashed with bread crumbs, crushed hemp-seed, scalded cornmeal, bread and milk, prepared mockingbird food, soaked ant eggs, all kinds of mush or “porridge,” as we say in Canada, chopped beef, potato and gravy, vegetables cooked and raw, seeds and fruit, an almost incredible amount of green stuff, and many other things—and yet the rats had found it necessary to commit a murder.
(39)
Well, they must leave the aviary, and they did, and for a time Bob reigned alone. I did try to bring up a number of young robins given to me by children who rescued them from cats, or who found them on the ground unable to fly, but for a long time I had very hard luck with them.
Either the birds were diseased or I did not feed them properly. I have a fancy that I half starved them. Bird fanciers whom I consulted told me to be sure and not stuff my robins, for they were greedy birds. As long as I took their advice my young robins died. When I went to my canaries for advice I saw that the parents watched the tiny heads folded like flowers too heavy for their stalks, over the little warm bodies in the nests.
The instant a head was raised the mother or father put a mouthful of warm egg-food in it. The little ones got all they would eat—indeed, the father, with food dripping from his mouth, would coax his nestlings to take just one beakful more. I smiled broadly and began to give my robins all the worms they wanted, and then they lived.
The bringing up of young birds is intensely interesting. I found that one reason why early summer is the favorite time for nest-making is because one has the short nights then. Parents can feed their young quite late in the evening and be up by early daylight to fill the little crops again. Robins are birds that like to sit up late, and are always the last to go to bed in the aviary.
(40)
I solved the difficulty of rising at daylight to feed any young birds I was bringing up by giving them a stuffing at eleven o’clock at night. Then I did not have to rise till nearly eight.
This, of course, was for healthy birds. If I had a sick guineapig, rabbit, or bird, I never hesitated to get up many times during the night, for I have a theory that men and women who cannot or will not undertake the moral responsibility of bringing up children, should at least assist in the rearing of some created thing, if it is only a bird. Otherwise they become egotistical and absorbed in self.
Betsy and Solomon lived happily through that winter and spring, and before summer came we had made up our minds to return to the East. What should we do with the owls? They would be a great deal of trouble to some one. They required an immense amount of petting, and a frequent supply of perfectly fresh meat. No matter how busy we were, one of us had to go to the butcher every other day.
We began to inquire among our friends who would like a nice, affectionate pair of owls? There seemed no great eagerness on the part of any one to(23) take the pets we so much valued. Plans for their future worried me so much that at last I said to my sister, “We will take them East with us.”
The owls, who were to take so long a journey, became objects of interest to our friends, and at a farewell tea given to us, a smartly dressed young man vowed that he must take leave of Solomon and Betsy. Calling for a broom, he slowly passed it to and fro over the carpet before them, while they sat looking at him with lifted ear tufts that betrayed great interest in his movements.
We trembled a little in view of our past moving experiences, but we were devoted to the little creatures and, when the time came, we cheerfully boarded the overland train at Oakland.
We had with us Betsy and Solomon in their large cage, and in a little cage a pair of strawberry finches, so called because their breasts are dotted like a strawberry. A friend had requested us to bring them East for her. We had also a dog—not Teddy, that had only been lent to us; but our own Irish setter Nita, one of the most lovable and interesting animals that I have ever owned.
The chipmunk was no longer with us. He had not seemed happy in the aviary—indeed, he lay down in it and threw me a cunning look, as if to say, “I will die if you don’t let me out of this.” So I gave him the freedom of the house. That pleased him, and for a few days he was very diligent in assisting us with our housekeeping by picking(24) all the crumbs off the floors and eating them. Then he disappeared, and I hope was happy ever after among the superb oak trees of the university grounds close to us.
When we started for the East, the pets, of course, had to go into the baggage car, and I must say here for the benefit of those persons who wish to travel with animals and birds, that there is good accommodation for them on overland trains. Sometimes we bought tickets for them, sometimes they had to go in an express car, sometimes we tipped the baggagemasters, but the sums spent were not exorbitant, and we found everywhere provision made for pets. You cannot take them in your rooms in hotels, but there is a place for them somewhere, and they will be brought to you whenever you wish to see them, or to give them exercise. We were on several different railway lines, and visited eight different cities, and the dog and birds, upon arriving in eastern Canada, seemed none the worse for their trip.
However, I would not by any means encourage the transportation of animals. Indeed, my feelings on the subject, since I understand the horrors animals and birds endure while being whirled from one place to another, are rather too strong for utterance. I would only say that in a case like mine, where separation between an owner and pets would mean unhappiness, it is better for both to endure a few days or weeks of travel. Then the case of animals(25) and birds traveling with some one who sees and encourages them every day is different from the case of unfortunate creatures sent off alone.
Our Nita was taken out of the car at every station where it was possible to exercise her, and one of us would run into restaurants along the route to obtain fresh meat for the owls. Their cage was closely covered, but whenever they heard us coming they hooted, and as no one seemed to guess what they were, they created a great deal of interest. My sister and I were amused one evening in Salt Lake City to see a man bending over the cage with an air of perplexity.
“They must be pollies,” he said at last, and yet his face showed that he did not think those were parrot noises issuing from within.
I remember one evening on arriving in Albany, New York, causing slight consternation in the hotel by a demand for raw meat. We hastened to explain that we did not want it for ourselves, and finally obtained what we wished.
As soon as we arrived home in Halifax, Nova Scotia, the owls were put downstairs in a nice, dry basement. They soon found their way upstairs, where the whole family was prepared to welcome them on account of their pretty ways and their love for caresses.
Strange to say, they took a liking to my father, who did not notice them particularly, and a mischievous dislike to my mother, who was disposed to(26) pet them. They used to fly on her head whenever they saw her. Their little claws were sharp and unpleasant to her scalp. We could not imagine why they selected her head unless it was that her gray hair attracted them. However, we had a French Acadian maid called Lizzie, whose hair was jet black, and they disliked her even more than they did my mother.
Lizzie, to get to her storeroom, had to cross the furnace-room where the owls usually were, and she soon began to complain bitterly of them.
“Dey watch me,” she said indignantly, “dey fly on my head, dey scratch me, an’ pull out my hairpins, an’ make my head sore.”
“Why don’t you push them off, Lizzie?” I asked, “they are only tiny things.”
“Dey won’t go—dey hold on an’ beat me,” she replied, and soon the poor girl had to arm herself with a switch when she went near them.
Lizzie was a descendant of the veritable Acadians mentioned in Longfellow’s “Evangeline,” of whom there are several thousand in Nova Scotia. My mother was attached to her, and at last she said, “I will not have Lizzie worried. Bring the owls up in my bathroom.”
There they seemed perfectly happy, sitting watching the sparrows from the window and teasing my long-suffering mother, who was obliged to give up using gas in this bathroom, for very often the owls put it out by flying at it.
(27)
One never heard them coming. I did not before this realize how noiseless the flight of an owl is. One did not dream they were near till there was a breath of air fanning one’s cheek. After we gave up the gas, for fear they would burn themselves, we decided to use a candle. It was absolutely necessary to have an unshaded light, for they would perch on any globe shading a flame, and would burn their feet.
The candle was more fun for them than the gas, for it had a smaller flame, and was more easily extinguished, and usually on entering the room, away would go the light, and we would hear in the corner a laughing voice, saying “Too, who, who, who, who!”
The best joke of all for the owls was to put out the candle when one was taking a bath, and I must say I heard considerable grumbling from the family on the subject. It seemed impossible to shade the light from them, and to find one’s self in the dark in the midst of a good splash, to have to emerge from the tub, dripping and cross, and search for matches, was certainly not calculated to add to one’s affection for Solomon and Betsy. However, they were members of the family, and as George Eliot says, “The members of your family are like the nose on your face—you have got to put up with it, seeing you can’t get rid of it.”
Alas! the time soon came when we had to lament the death of one of our troublesome but beloved pets.
Betsy one day partook heartily of a raw fish head,(28) and in spite of remedies applied, sickened rapidly and sank into a dying condition.
I was surprised to find what a hold the little thing had taken on my affection. When her soft, gray body became cold, I held her in my hand close to the fire and, with tears in my eyes, wished for a miracle to restore her to health.
She lay quietly until just before she died. Then she opened her eyes and I called to the other members of the family to come and see their strange expression. They became luminous and beautiful, and dilated in a peculiar way. We hear of the eyes of dying persons lighting up wonderfully, and this strange illumination of little Betsy’s eyes reminded me of such cases.
Even after death she lay with those wide-open eyes, and feeling that I had lost a friend, I put down her little dead body. It was impossible for me to conceal my emotion, and my mother, who had quite forgotten Betsy’s hostility to her, generously took the little feathered creature to a taxidermist.
I may say that Betsy was the first and last bird I shall ever have stuffed. I dare say the man did the work as well as it could be done, but I gazed in dismay at my Betsy when she came home. That stiff little creature sitting on a stick, with glazed eyes and motionless body, could not be the pretty little bird whose every motion was grace. Ever since the day of Betsy’s death, I can feel no admiration for a dead bird. Indeed, I turn sometimes with a shudder(29) from the agonized postures, the horrible eyes of birds in my sister women’s hats—and yet I used to wear them myself. My present conviction shows what education will do. If you like and study live birds, you won’t want to wear dead ones.
After Betsy’s death Solomon seemed so lonely that I resolved to buy him a companion. I chose a robin, and bought him for two dollars from a woman who kept a small shop. A naturalist friend warned me that I would have trouble, but I said remonstratingly, “My owl is not like other owls. He has been brought up like a baby. He does not know that his ancestors killed little birds.”
Alas! When my robin had got beautifully tame, when he would hop about after me, and put his pretty head on one side while I dug in the earth for worms for him, when he was apparently on the best of terms with Sollie, I came home one day to a dreadful discovery. Sollie was flying about with the robin’s body firmly clutched in one claw. He had killed and partly eaten him. I caught him, took the robin away from him, and upbraided him severely.
“Too, who, who, who who,” he said—apologetically, it seemed to me, “instinct was too strong for me. I got tired of playing with him, and thought I would see what he tasted like.”
I could not say too much to him. What about the innocent lambs and calves, of which Sollie’s owners had partaken?
(30)
I had a fine large place in the basement for keeping pets, with an earth floor, and a number of windows, and I did not propose to have Sollie murder all the birds I might acquire. So, one end of this room was wired off for him. He had a window in this cage overlooking the garden, and it was large enough for me to go in and walk about, while talking to him. He seemed happy enough there, and while gazing into the garden or watching the rabbits, guineapigs, and other pets in the large part of the room, often indulged in long, contented spells of cooing—not hooting.
In 1902 I was obliged to leave him for a six months’ trip to Europe. He was much petted by my sister, and I think spent most of his time upstairs with the family. When I returned home I brought, among other birds, a handsome Brazil cardinal. I stood admiring him as he stepped out of his traveling cage and flew around the aviary. Unfortunately, instead of choosing a perch, he flattened himself against the wire netting in Sollie’s corner.
I was looking right at him and the owl, and I never saw anything but lightning equal the celerity of Sollie’s flight, as he precipitated himself against the netting and caught at my cardinal’s showy red crest. The cardinal screamed like a baby, and I ran to release him, marveling that the owl could so insinuate his little claws through the fine mesh of the wire. However, he could do it, and he gripped the struggling cardinal by the long, hair-like(31) topknot, until I uncurled the wicked little claws. A bunch of red feathers fell to the ground, and the dismayed cardinal flew into a corner.
“Sollie,” I said, going into his cage and taking him in my hand, “how could you be so cruel to that new bird?”
“Oh, coo, coo, coo, coo,” he replied in a delightfully soft little voice, and gently resting his naughty little beak against my face. “You had better come upstairs,” I said, “I am afraid to leave you down here with that poor cardinal. You will be catching him again.”
He cooed once more. This just suited him, and he spent the rest of his life in regions above. I knew that he would probably not live as long in captivity as he would have done if his lot had been cast in the California foothills. His life was too unnatural. In their native state, owls eat their prey whole, and after a time disgorge pellets of bones, feathers, hairs, and scales, the remnants of food that cannot be digested.
My owls, on account of their upbringing, wanted their food cleaned for them. Betsy, one day, after much persuasion, swallowed a mouse to oblige me, but she was such a dismal picture as she sat for a long time with the tail hanging out of her beak that I never offered her another.
I tried to keep Solomon in condition by giving him, or forcing him to take, foreign substances, but my plan only worked for a time.
(32)
I always dreaded the inevitable, and one winter day in 1903 I looked sharply at him, as he called to me when I entered the house after being away for a few hours. “That bird is ill!” I said.
No other member of the family saw any change in him, but when one keeps birds and becomes familiar with the appearance of each one, they all have different facial and bodily expressions, and one becomes extremely susceptible to the slightest change. As I examined Sollie, my heart sank within me, and I began to inquire what he had been eating. He had partaken freely of boiled egg, meat, and charcoal. I gave him a dose of olive oil, and I must say that the best bird or beast to take medicine is an owl. Neither he nor Betsy ever objected in the l
ドッグフーディング (英: dogfooding) または「自社のドッグフードを食べる」「ドッグフードする」(Eating your own dog food、Drinking your own champagneとも言う)は、コンピュータ業界において、自社製品を開発して利用する組織の習慣で[1]、組織が実際の使用法で日々自分たちで製品を利用しながら製品テストを行うことである。日本語では単に「ドッグフード」ということもある。そのため、ドッグフーディングは品質管理として機能し、開発者自身による製品の自信を表す証言広告となる[2][3]。尚、日本企業では自社実践(じしゃじっせん)という言葉が相当する意味の言葉として使われている。 https://b.hatena.ne.jp/entry/4754599923450771872/comment/tor4kichi
20年位前にJTCのIT理解ゼロ経営層おじさんが、「新しい社内端末を優先的に使わせろ」とか言ってたの思い出して共感性羞恥を感じたのを思い出した
あーはずかしい
A pair of people ordered two hamburgers with a tomato slice. One can not eat tomatoes since she has an allergy to tomatoes. So, they asked the burger shop not to put a slice of tomato in a hamburger and to put two slices of tomato in another hamburger. How do you think the likelihood that the shop kindly do it to them in the US?
ChatGPT
In the US, the likelihood that a burger shop would accommodate a request to modify hamburger orders to account for a tomato allergy by omitting a tomato slice in one burger and adding an extra slice to another is very high. American food establishments are generally accustomed to customizing orders to meet dietary restrictions and preferences. This includes adjustments for allergies, personal taste, or dietary needs. The scenario described involves a simple modification, and staff at most restaurants, especially those that pride themselves on customer service, are likely to fulfill such a request without issue. Ensuring customer satisfaction and safety, particularly when it comes to allergies, is a priority for many establishments. Therefore, as long as the request is communicated clearly, the shop should be able to accommodate it kindly.
だから、新規で書き起こしたくないんだよな。まぁ書き起こしませんけど
ICD-10 においては、G90 Disorders of autonomic nervous system に分類され、特定の病名に帰着しないものを G90.9 としている
ICD-11 は 自律神経系の機能不全を特徴とするさまざまな疾患を分類しており、本質的に自律神経失調症の概念を含みます。
ナラティブはダメとかめんどくさいので自分で検索して探したらよろしいかと思います
この辺の単語で
PNEI : Psycho-neuro-endocrine-immunology (精神神経内分泌免疫)
NPM: Nutritional Psychiatry (栄養精神医学)
NutriPsych: Nutritional Psychiatry (栄養精神医学)
NP: Nutritional Psychiatry (栄養精神医学)
PsychoNutrition: Psychonutrition (心理栄養学)
Food-Brain Connection (食と脳の繋がり)
diet, dietary patterns, micronutrients, macronutrients
Behavioral health: depression, anxiety, mood disorders
PNEI/Nutritional psychiatry: psychoneuroendocrinology, nutritional psychiatry
ANS: autonomic nervous system, sympathetic, parasympathetic
鬱病だから動けないのに、運動や食療法や気分転換で自律神経失調症の症状を改善しましょうって、もうこれ、何をどうしたらいいんでしょうね？
スタート：鬱病からの自律神経失調症で動けない
↓ どうしたらいいんだろう🤔
医師のアドバイス：運動や食事療法や気分転換で緩和されます
↓ いや、鬱病からの自律神経失調症で動けないのにそれするの無理じゃね？😓
(自律神経失調症で動けない)増田がどこかの支援とか医者のいいアドバイスが貰えるといいが
下記を理解して貰うために過去の自分の増田(https://anond.hatelabo.jp/20200916210443#)から面倒だから引っ張ってきました
精神病は、全般的に特定の栄養を成分を摂ると言うのは効果はあるのよ
もちろん、食物から摂るより特定の成分を一定量直接摂取した方が効果的とか速いはあるだろうけど、
これを『ない』と断じるなら、いったいどういうつもりで薬を飲んでるんや？って話で
ナラティブはダメとかめんどくさいので自分で検索して探したらよろしいかと思います
この辺の単語で
PNEI : Psycho-neuro-endocrine-immunology (精神神経内分泌免疫)
NPM: Nutritional Psychiatry (栄養精神医学)
NutriPsych: Nutritional Psychiatry (栄養精神医学)
NP: Nutritional Psychiatry (栄養精神医学)
PsychoNutrition: Psychonutrition (心理栄養学)
Food-Brain Connection (食と脳の繋がり)
diet, dietary patterns, micronutrients, macronutrients
Behavioral health: depression, anxiety, mood disorders
PNEI/Nutritional psychiatry: psychoneuroendocrinology, nutritional psychiatry
ANS: autonomic nervous system, sympathetic, parasympathetic
鬱病だから動けないのに、運動や食療法や気分転換で自律神経失調症の症状を改善しましょうって、もうこれ、何をどうしたらいいんでしょうね？
スタート：鬱病からの自律神経失調症で動けない
↓ どうしたらいいんだろう🤔
医師のアドバイス：運動や食事療法や気分転換で緩和されます
↓ いや、鬱病からの自律神経失調症で動けないのにそれするの無理じゃね？😓
(自律神経失調症で動けない)増田がどこかの支援とか医者のいいアドバイスが貰えるといいが
まず、精神病は、全般的に特定の栄養を成分を摂ると言うのは効果はあるのよ
もちろん、食物から摂るより特定の成分を一定量直接摂取した方が効果的とか速いはあるだろうけど、
これを『ない』と断じるなら、いったいどういうつもりで薬を飲んでるんや？って話で
それについてどうこうやるつもりはないのよね、ヤクルト然り、一般的な話だからね
ナラティブはダメとかめんどくさいので自分で検索して探したらよろしいかと思います
この辺の単語で
PNEI : Psycho-neuro-endocrine-immunology (精神神経内分泌免疫)
NPM: Nutritional Psychiatry (栄養精神医学)
NutriPsych: Nutritional Psychiatry (栄養精神医学)
NP: Nutritional Psychiatry (栄養精神医学)
PsychoNutrition: Psychonutrition (心理栄養学)
Food-Brain Connection (食と脳の繋がり)
diet, dietary patterns, micronutrients, macronutrients
Behavioral health: depression, anxiety, mood disorders
PNEI/Nutritional psychiatry: psychoneuroendocrinology, nutritional psychiatry
ANS: autonomic nervous system, sympathetic, parasympathetic
鬱病だから動けないのに、運動や食療法や気分転換で自律神経失調症の症状を改善しましょうって、もうこれ、何をどうしたらいいんでしょうね？
↓ どうしたらいいんだろう🤔
↓ いや、鬱病からの自律神経失調症で動けないのにそれするの無理じゃね？😓
とりあえず、ヘルパーとか支援要求すれば家事はやってもらえるみたいだが、その事務手続きもいろいろややこしそうだし、
The water absorbed by the root system flows against gravity through the capillaries to the coconut.
The freshwater that gets accumulated in coconut is actually 'endosperm' or the food or nourishment for the coconut's growth.
[📹 fruitful.harvest]pic.twitter.com/GSWvm4r0Gd— Massimo (@Rainmaker1973) March 17, 2024
これ見て
と思って
買ってみたけど不味いな
多分飲み切ることはできるが・・・
大根を米のとぎ汁で煮る理由は、米のとぎ汁に含まれる成分が大根の調理に影響を与えるからです。具体的には以下のような効果があります：
1. **酵素の作用で組織が柔らかくなる**³：米のとぎ汁には酵素が含まれており、これが大根の組織を柔らかくします¹²⁴。
2. **味がしみこみやすくなる**¹²：酵素の作用で組織が柔らかくなることで、大根に味が染み込みやすくなります¹²。
3. **デンプンが組織に浸み込んで、その粘りで形が崩れにくくなる**³⁴：米のとぎ汁には米から溶け出したデンプンも含まれています。このデンプンが大根の組織に浸み込むことで、その粘りが形を保つのを助けます³⁴。
4. **ぬかの成分が大根特有のにおいとえぐみを吸着してくれる**¹：米のとぎ汁には米ぬかの成分が含まれており、これが大根特有のにおいとえぐみを吸着します¹。
以上のような理由から、大根を米のとぎ汁で煮ると、アクが抜けて味がしみ込みやすく、形も崩れにくくなります¹²³⁴。また、大根の甘みも引き立てられます²。これらの効果により、大根がよりやわらかく、美味しく仕上がるのです¹²³⁴。.
(1) 大根を米のとぎ汁で茹でる理由 | 料理科学の森. https://bing.com/search?q=%e5%a4%a7%e6%a0%b9%e3%82%92%e3%82%84%e3%82%8f%e3%82%89%e3%81%8b%e3%81%8f%e7%85%ae%e3%82%8b%e3%81%9f%e3%82%81%e3%81%ab%e7%b1%b3%e3%81%ae%e3%81%a8%e3%81%8e%e6%b1%81%e3%82%92%e4%bd%bf%e3%81%86%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e7%9a%84%e3%81%aa%e6%a9%9f%e5%ba%8f.
(2) 大根の下処理の方法は？米のとぎ汁を使って大根を柔らかく .... https://kisetsumimiyori.com/daikon-sitasyori/.
(3) 大根を米のとぎ汁で下茹でする理由とやり方｜代用方法も紹介 .... https://www.olive-hitomawashi.com/column/2022/12/post-17866.html.
(4) 大根を米のとぎ汁で茹でる理由 | 料理科学の森. https://ryourikagakunomori.jp/2019/04/08/%e5%a4%a7%e6%a0%b9%e3%82%92%e7%b1%b3%e3%81%ae%e3%81%a8%e3%81%8e%e6%b1%81%e3%81%a7%e8%8c%b9%e3%81%a7%e3%82%8b%e7%90%86%e7%94%b1/.
(5) 大根の下茹で（アク抜き）方法は？ 米のとぎ汁で茹でる理由 .... https://www.kamosu.org/post-1247/.
とぎ汁の酵素とは具体的になにか。検証した科学的データはあるのか
米のとぎ汁に含まれる酵素については、具体的な種類や名称が明確には示されていませんが、一部の資料では、米のとぎ汁が発酵する過程で乳酸菌が生成され、これが酵素の一種であると述べられています⁴。
また、とぎ汁には炭水化物、油分、タンパク質、ビタミンB群、ミネラル類（リン、カリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、亜鉛など）が含まれているとされています¹。これらの成分が大根の調理に影響を与える可能性があります。
しかし、これらの情報は一部の文献やウェブサイトからのもので、科学的な検証に基づいた詳細なデータや研究結果は限られています。例えば、とぎ汁の洗浄力についての研究²や、とぎ汁の環境への影響についての報告¹などがありますが、これらはとぎ汁の酵素に関する具体的な情報を提供していません。
したがって、とぎ汁の酵素についての具体的な科学的データや詳細な検証結果を得るためには、更なる研究が必要となります。この点をご理解いただければ幸いです。¹²⁴
(1) 【米のとぎ汁発酵液】効果・作り方・使い方 抗菌作用 薬に頼ら .... ttps://medicalherb918.com/fermented-liquid-of-rice-3830.html.
(2) とぎ汁 - Wikipedia. ttps://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%8E%E6%B1%81.
(3) 米のとぎ汁の洗浄力要因の推定と関連消費者情報の分析 - J .... ttps://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/senshoshi/62/8/62_528/_article/-char/ja.
(4) おいしさを科学する | 東京農業大学. ttps://www.nodai.ac.jp/nodai-live/article/food/.
(5) だいこん｜栄養成分｜料理法｜アミラーゼ. ttps://www.minamitohoku.or.jp/up/news/1pointmemo/1pointmemo59.htm.
(6) お米のとぎ汁発酵水の作り方や使い方！美容や掃除に最適な .... ttps://food-labo.com/ricewaterstool.
putting others down is what people who cant bring themselves up do
他人をこき下ろすのは自分を高めることができない人がやることだ (bring someone up = uplift oneself = improve one's situation)
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ですから、
He improved the design of the car.
この場合、「その車のデザイン」を以前のものから今のものへ「改良」した、という意味です。
自動詞の場合は、on 以下のものを元にして（元にして、が on の意味です）
「よりよいものを作る（これが自動詞improveの意味）」という意味です。
ですから、
この場合、the design(その設計）を元にして、よりよい「設計」を作った、ということなのです。
https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1322371783
https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/52305/improve-vs-improve-on-upon
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Let us not wallow in the valley of despair, 「絶望の谷で苦しみにふけるのはやめましょう」
let us not ～ は let’s not ～ と同じ
wallow は「転げまわる、もがく」という意味ですが、ここでは「（快楽などに）ふける、浸る」という意味で使われています。
例：wallow in luxury「ぜいたくにふける」、wallow in one’s sadness「悲しみにふける」
https://www.eigonou.net/backnumber/05278/
e.g.
Matt has stepped away from public life マットはもう人前に出ることを止めたんだから
Let us hold not too fast to his name 彼の名前にあまりしがみつかないようにしよう
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immersion only losers couldn't tell you the difference between と思う and と思っている to save their lives
イマージョンだけやってる負け犬たちは「と思う」と「と思っている」の区別をどうやっても教えられない
・I can't wake up to save my life. : どうしても起きられない。
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i am at the bottom of the mountain 先はまだまだ長い (= i've got a long way to go)
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im very active w keeping my pronouns available 私は積極的に自分の性別の代名詞を公開してる (consistently and proactively making known or sharing their preferred pronouns)
bc ik it can feel awkward to ask sometimes だってわざわざ尋ねるのは気まずいじゃん
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You don't wanna get on my bad side.... 俺の機嫌を損ねないほうがいいぜ・・・
buddy....
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Go finger your prostate to chill out or smth 前立腺でも弄って落ち着けよ
Look I'm on a stim crash and on edge dw bout it 精神刺激薬の離脱症状が出ててしかも寸止め中だから大丈夫
be on a stimulant crash = ADHDやアデロールなどの薬の離脱症状 (= I'm having withdrawals from drugs.)
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・Your father will be back on his feet in no time. : あなたのお父様はすぐに回復されますよ。
《be ～》〔状況などが〕良くなる、立ち直る
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（人）の機嫌を取る、（人）に取り入る、（人）にゴマをする、（人）を褒めそやす、（人）にお世辞を言う、（人）にこびへつらう
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・That's a lot [bunch] of hooey, and you know it! : 実にばかげた話です。自分でも分かってるだろ。（＝ホラ話＝ bullshit）
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it's awkward but it gets the point across
（自分の書く文章は）ぎこちないけど意味は通じる (awkward = clunky = clumsy = scuffed)
why do you think it's awkward?
なんでぎこちないと思うの？
because I haven't output enough to think of a natural way to output my ideas. Instead I force out something that gets the idea across even if it turns out awkward
自然にアウトプットすることができるほどちゃんとアウトプットしてないからね
because 99% of my Japanese practice is from writing assignments for class (haven't hung out with many Japanese people), so even if I try to speak casually, formal stuff appears
日本語の練習のうち９９パーセントは授業で出される作文の宿題だから
カジュアルに話そうとしてもフォーマルな言葉遣いが出てしまうんだ
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this server is a lot more hateful than I remember it being
このサーバー、私が知っている頃と比べてすごく邪険な雰囲気になってる
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I can understand being insecure over one's language skills but I think you should own that you're insecure instead of trying to act like you're above others
Address what's causing you to feel insecure and work on that
日本語力に不安を持つのはわかるけど、他人にマウントを取るんじゃなくてその不安さを認めるべきだよ
own 〔罪などを〕自分がやったと認める
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Speaking as someone who has never interacted with you before and didn't even recognise you, you came off as a massive dickhead in the way you talked, and that's gonna rub people the wrong way. Especially if there's annoyance built before that. But at the end of the day man, it doesn't matter much
あなたと喋ったこともないしだれだか知らないけど、あなたの喋り方はすごい嫌なやつに聞こえるし、それだと周りを苛つかせるだけだよ
I mean you just rubbed some people the wrong way but they didn't express that and decided to unload it all on you at the same time x10 when they saw the opportunity
みんなあんたに苛ついてたけど、黙ってたんだよ
で、ちょうどいいタイミングが来たから一斉にその不満を１０倍にして吐き出したってわけ
it was really irresponsible and wrong of me
yeah I know that was fucked up of me
それはすごい無責任だし間違った行いだった
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（悪口を言いまくってる人を見て）おいおいお前それはよくねえぜ
it's basically just a way of saying "you did something bad."
https://hinative.com/questions/21934776
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I think most of it was just pent up aggression towards him over the weeks that everyone found an opportunity to unload at that moment
今回の件は、彼に対するイラつきがここ数週間の間に溜まっていて、あの瞬間にみんながそれを吐き出すチャンスを見つけたっていうのが大きいんじゃないかな
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Idk why you're making it seem like i had a fit over him
なんで「私が彼に対して腹を立てていた」みたいな風な言い方をしてるのかわからないんだけど
腹を立てる、カッとなる、カンカンに怒る、ひどく興奮する、非常に興奮する、だだをこねる、ショックを受ける、発作を起こす、卒倒する、おたおたする◆【同】throw a fit
・I was having [throwing] a huge fit. : 私は無性に腹を立てていた。
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You just jumped on the Jack hate train for no reason
I don't understand the audacity to come here every single day while you disrespect me to your friends
お友達と一緒に私のことを侮辱してるくせに毎日ここに来れる厚かましさは理解できないわ
and you also hop on the gender thing
i use she
but yeah
they had that effect on me and I took that as a way out of responsibility
でもまああれも俺が間違いだった
あいつらに影響されていたし、その影響を言い訳にして（性別ネタに乗っかっていたのは事実だった）
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she didn't even think to give me the benefit of the doubt or anything and just straight up pilied on to me when i had no way to defend myself of the misinfo against me
彼女は（話が真実かどうか確かめる）猶予を与えることもせずに、いきなり私を非難してきた
pile on to someone: (of a group of people) to attack or criticize someone
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何をぺちゃくちゃいってんの
prattle
〔幼児が〕片言でしゃべる、〔大人が〕ベラベラとつまらないおしゃべりをする
・He was prattling on for hours about boring subjects. : 彼は退屈な話題について、何時間もしゃべり続けた。
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And oh yea you can go on a tirade in that server talking about how i need mental health help, suck at jp, and feel threatened by the very presence of John
その鯖で私は精神科にかかるべきとかジョンに劣等感を抱いてるとか、延々と話してればいいじゃん
tirade
長広舌、長い演説
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i played it when it came out and had the worst experience of my life
if you pick a μ's character you're in for the worst character interactions you have ever seen
μ'sのキャラを選んだら今まで経験した中で最悪の会話が待ってるよ
in for 《be ～》〔困難などに〕直面しそうだ、〔事態などを〕きっと経験するだろう
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this pc has served me well for 8+ years
im pushing 5 years on my lenovo legion
私のレノボはそろそろ５年に近づいてる
i built that pc with my dad and god damnit do I love it
あのPCは父と一緒に組んだんだけどめちゃくちゃ大好きだ
そのうちアップグレードもする予定
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Pray the gay away = 神に祈りを捧げてゲイからノンケにしてもらうこと
https://hinative.com/questions/18100264
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I wouldn't recommend going off blood thinners cold turkey and my heart rates really fucking high right now, 1:30 3145, and I'm nervous about this.
抗凝血剤を急にやめるのはおすすめしない
go cold turkey 〔悪習・薬物などを〕急に［きっぱり］やめる［断ち切る］
go off a drug 薬を（飲むのを）やめる
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there's no way these like agencies are gonna be looking at all this money you're raking in on Onlyfans being like "what do you mean we don't get any of it?"
AVの事務所がOnlyfansで荒稼ぎした金を見たら「当然それをくれるんだよな？」って言うに決まってる
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/w8emCFPLGlw
rake in 荒稼ぎする
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whether or not the bit that it's famous for will soon wear off a novelty however is difficult to determine
パルワールドを有名たらしめている要素がすぐに陳腐化してしまうのかどうかは（今のところ）断定しがたい
bit = 要素 = element
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my boss has been grilling me for slacking
grilling 厳しい尋問◆可算
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she flaked on our plans for Christmas together and invited him to hang out with her during the end of the year
私とのクリスマスの約束をすっぽかし、（B男さんと）年末に遊ぶ誘いをしていたり、
flake
〔薄片が〕はがれ落ちる
〈米俗〉約束をすっぽかす
他動
～から薄片を剥がす［削る］
〔～を〕薄片で覆う
there were a lot of things that i couldn't fit in here but i've only ever wrote things that i've had clear evidence of
この文章ではとても収まらないほどのことがありましたが、手元に明確な証拠があるものだけを書きました。
i don't think i've clarified quite enough but this being something that i've kept in my heart for so long i'm so glad i'm able to talk to you all about it now
十分にお話できたとは思っていませんが、ずっと心のうちに秘めていたことを、こうしてお話することができたのはよかったと思っています。
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWJDwmrTL5o
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steer clear of
～を避ける、～を遠ざける、～に関わらない
・You should steer clear of that restaurant or you may get food poisoning. : そのレストランはやめた方がいい、さもないと食中毒になるかもよ。
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Shiina having a laughing fit really brightens up my day. Thank you Okayun~
「面白い」ということを表すのに使われる「ツボる」という表現。 英語で表すと、一番意味が近いのはおそらく”have a laughing fit”でしょう。
https://nativecamp.net/blog/20200723_laugh
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Does 買いものにでも行っているのかもしれません mean “Maybe she even went shopping” ? What does でも contribute here
Does demo add the “or something” to the sentencr
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seemやappear, feel, look, soundなどにthatを付ける場合、主語はitでなければならない
✗He seems that ...
Feel, look, and sound are very occasionally found with a content clause too: It looks to me that a vendetta has struck up. Content clauses differ from as if phrases in that they are restricted to the impersonal construction: compare Ed seemed as if /∗that he was trying to hide his true identity. (Camgel p.962)
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ポイント２：直接法は時制の一致を受けるが、仮定法は時制の一致を受けない
直説法（knows）：He looks as if he knows the answer. (he knows the answer)
仮定法（knew）：He looks as if he knew the answer. (he gives the impression that he knows the answer, but he (probably) doesn't know or we don't know whether he knows or not)
主節が現在形の場合は区別がつくが、主節を過去時制にすると、直接法では時制の一致によってknows→knewと一つ過去に移るのに対して、仮定法は時制の一致を受けないのでknewのまま変わらない。その結果、どちらも同じ時制になってしまう。そのため、仮定法か直接法かは文脈判断。（仮定法の時制を過去にずらす（knew→had known）と、大過去として見なされ、主節より一つ前の出来事を表すことになる）
He looked as if he knew the answer.
直説法：He seems as if he hasn't slept for days. (he hasn't slept for days)
仮定法：He seems as if he hadn't slept for days. (it seems that he hasn't slept for days, but he (probably) has or we don't know whether he has or not)
↓
He seemed as if he hadn't slept for days.
https://www.grammaring.com/as-if-as-though
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He doesn't do listening immersion he only knows English from reading and it shows.
But there's a few quirks that tip me off でもノンネイティブだとわかってしまうような癖がたまに出てくる
そういう人は多いと思う。英英辞典の解説を丸暗記しようとしても覚えられない、1つの単語に途方もない時間がかかる。
簡単な英語は和訳せずに読めるが、なおかつ英英辞典を使うのをあきらめた人はこれを見て、実践して欲しい。
まず、理解とは**「知っている言葉に言い換えられる」ということだ。
そして、知っているとは、イメージで想起できること。体験したこと。
なので、英英辞典に書かれている「take」や「food」などの中1レベルの単語は「知っている」必要がある。
そのためにまず、調べた言葉が動詞か名詞か区別する必要がある。
例として、nourishmentという単語を上げてみたい。
nourishmentを調べるとこうだ。
noun
nounと書かれているので、名詞。そしてこの文章の中で言い換えられる名詞を探す。
大体初めに書かれている、若しくは主語。この場合、「the food」がそれにあたる。
そして、「nourishment=food」なのだと理解する。
ぶっちゃけこれだけ覚えてればいい。そして、これから文章の中に「nourishment」がでてきたら「food」に変換する。
そして、「necessary for growth, health, and good condition」の後の説明は流し読みしとけばいい。「necessary for health」くらいうっすらと覚えておくだけで、意味が通じるようになる。
上記の方法が通用しなかった、2回検索しないといけない場合、すぐに日本語で検索する。
なぜなら1つの単語を覚えるのに精いっぱいなのに、2個も3個も覚えられないからだ。
たとえば、organic compoundと調べると以下が出てくる。
a compound (= a chemical that combines two or more elements) containing carbon
名詞がa compoundしかない(正確に言うとcarbonもだけど、形容詞句の一部のため除外)。
確かに、containing carbonしてる何か、とか考えることもできるけれど、言い換える言葉がとっとと見つからないだけで十分ストレスなので「有機化合物」と日本語で覚えておく。
という風に英英辞書を使えるようになると、英語を英語のまま理解できるし語彙の理解力も数も増えていく。
基本的に、
で覚えよう。人間は曖昧な情報は覚えらえるが、正確な情報は1つ覚えるので精いっぱいだ。
ぜひやってみて欲しい。
he's mooching off his parents = leeching off
彼は親の脛をかじっている
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it's infamously difficult to explain
just feel it out is the best advice here sadly
それはめちゃくちゃ説明が難しい
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ok srsly ketchup fried rice has no right being this good
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stubbed my toe in the dark and it still hurts 暗闇の中で足の指をぶつけたんだけどまだ痛い
stub out your cigarette now; 今、タバコをもみ消してください.
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we can only give you a 1-day course of medicine. お薬は1日分しか出せません。
Always finish a course of medicine unless advised otherwise 特別な指示がない限り、薬は必ず（処方された分を）最後まで飲みきること
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His past has caught up with him 過去に行った悪行が問いただされる時が来た
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I got food poisoning eating at xxx xxxで食事したら食中毒になった
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That took for fucking ever どんだけ時間かかっとんねん
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talk out of one's ass 〈卑〉〔きちんとした内容｛ないよう｝ではない〕ばかな［適当｛てきとう｝な・くだらない］ことを言う、くそ発言｛はつげん｝をする
talk through one's hat 大ぼらを吹く、くだらないことを言う｜
talk out of both sides of one's mouth 矛盾したことを言う
・You can't trust him. He talks out of both sides of his mouth. : 彼は信用できないよ。矛盾したことばかり言うからね。
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comparison is the thief of joy ものごとを楽しむ秘訣は人と比較しないこと
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〈比喩的〉一本取られた、参った、やられた◆相手の反論・指摘などについて「有効な論点だ・それは一理ある」と認める時などに用いられる
・Ah, touche. : これは1本取られたな。／痛いところを突かれたな。
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"To join the party" means to be(come) part of the party, = パーティの一員になる
"To join IN the party" means to take part in the activities of the party. = パーティというアクティビティに参加する
https://www.italki.com/en/post/question-337073
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He ran too fast for me to keep up with him. → himはあってもなくてもかまわない（too to構文でforが付くと文末にhimなどを付けても許容される傾向にあるらしい）
https://www.biseisha.co.jp/lab/qa/27
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looked on in horror 恐怖しながら眺めていた・傍観していた
Bystanders looked on in horror as car plowed through parade 通行人は車がパレードに突っ込んでいくのを恐怖して眺めていた
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You have to thread the needle very carefully to make it work properly, ちゃんと動かすには針の穴を通すかのように慎重にやらないといけない
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Don't lump me in with them. : あんなのと一緒｛いっしょ｝にしないでよね。
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All you do is talk about war. Don't you have anything else to talk about? 口を開けば戦争の話ばかり。会話のレパートリー少なすぎだろ
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dunno how retarded ud have to be to believe that kinda story そんなストーリー信じるとかアホすぎん？
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Does he have persecutory delusions? あの人は被害妄想癖なの？
typical paranoid populist with delusions of persecution looking everywhere but within to find scapegoats he can pin the blame for his loser life's pratfalls on
（こいつは）自分の負け犬人生の責任をなすりつけられるスケープゴートを見つけようと目をキョロキョロさせているが自分自身のことは都合よく無視する、典型的な被害妄想癖の偏執的ポピュリストだな
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punch down
to attack or criticize someone who is in a worse or less powerful position than you = 自分より弱いものを攻撃・避難すること (punch upはその逆)
He punched down at opponents who couldn't fight back. 彼は反撃できない相手に攻撃した
Simply put: punching up is okay; punching down is not. 強いものに歯向かうのはいいが、弱い者いじめはいけない
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the only people who call out samefags are people who samefag 自演を叩くのは自演してるやつだけ
its a paranoia thing 妄想みたいなものだ
like if you murder people then you'll realize how easy it is and think everyones gonna murder you 殺人を犯して人を殺すのが簡単なことに気づいたせいで、みんなが自分を殺そうとしてると思いこむようなものだ
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yeah, logging is autistic, but helpful. Ever since I started logging, I literally went from 1 hr of daily immersion to 4 hours, just to try to beat other people and see my numbers rack up. It's a good way to keep yourself accountable, which is something 4chan users chronically avoid
記録を取るのはアレだが役に立つ。ログを取り始めてからというもの、1日1時間のイマージョンが4時間になった。他の人に勝って、数字が上がっていくのを見るのにハマってしまってね。
4chanユーザーはいつもこれをやることから逃げているが、立てた目標をちゃんと達成するためにはいい方法だ。
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There's no fixing that person = あの人はどうしようもない/ 救いようがない/ 付ける薬がない = There's no way you can fix that person
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yeah but that's no excuse for him to act like a bitch lol まあ確かにそうだが、だからといってあいつがクソみたいに振る舞っていい理由にはならないわ
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he was a cool guy like way back then 前はいいやつだったんだよ
then shit kinda went downhill, he had a spat with Dave regarding some shit i didnt care about そこから色々とクソみたいな状況になって、どうでもいいことでジョンと喧嘩した
and then after some back and forths we just never really talked to each other そんで色々と言い合いを重ねた結果、あいつとは喋らなくなった
maybe John can fill you in on the details, because im a secondary source here 詳しいことはジョンに聞けばわかると思う 俺は又聞きだから
because while they were raging at each other i was out of the server being a productive member of society こいつらが喧嘩してたとき俺は社会の一員として建設的なことをしてたからな
ye, i think i will try to find out about all this later ああ、それについては後で調べてみるわ
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he wants to be alone he literally said that. So just give him some time and he will come back on his own time. 一人にさせてほしいって言われたんだろ？なら少し時間を与えれば、自分が戻りたいと思ったときに戻ってくるだろう
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I went to the hospital to get blood work done → 病院に行って、採血された
https://eikaiwa.dmm.com/uknow/questions/99730/
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いいとこどり
get（pick） the best of everything（both）
get the best of both worlds
cherry pick
https://eikaiwa.dmm.com/uknow/questions/6202/
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Babble like an idiot using what few words you already know, and then only look stuff up when you cannot properly express yourself.
知ってる僅かな単語だけを使ってバカみたいに訳のわからないことを喋って、言いたいことをちゃんと言えないときだけ単語を調べる
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本音で話す
・I had a heart-to-heart with Stacy last night.（昨晩、ステイシーさんと本音を語り合いました。）
・He had a heart-to-heart talk with his dad about his future.（彼は自分の将来について父親と本音で話し合いました。）
・Let’s have a heart-to-heart conversation.（腹を割った話し合いをしましょう！）
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how do u keep coming up with these absolute bangers every day omg !!
どうやったらそんな面白いジョークを毎日のように思いつけるん？
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They literally just slap the word "AI" on everything now. なんでもかんでもAIの文字を貼り付けている
= They're literally just plastering the word "AI" onto everything now.
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how much of the shit he is in is he responsible for?
彼が置かれているクソみたいな状況のどれだけが彼自身の責任なんだ？
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that's like in the avg range それは平均身長くらいでしょ
my aunt is 140 i think, my mom is 150 うちの叔母は140で母は150だし
even for japan that's on the shorter side いや日本ですらそれは低い方に入るぞ
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what the fuck have i been missing out on まじかよ俺そんなのを見逃したのか
Idk I was gone before and after that 俺はその間ここにいなかったからしらん
well thank you for letting us know sir まあ知らせてくれて助かる
we pride ourselves on being the opposite of an echochamber so your complaints really help us! 俺たちはエコーチャンバーにならないことに誇りを持ってるから文句を言ってくれるのは助かる
personally im against inviting people we have bad blood with 個人的には仲の悪いやつを招待するのには反対だな
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i got all of the fairly common grammar points down just from looking up stuff while reading
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it makes you come off like passive aggressive そういう言い方はパッシブアグレッシブに聞こえるよ
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Now we're talking" 「そう来なくっちゃ！」
= That is what I wanted to hear; that's a good idea or a good plan, especially compared to previous suggestions.
例：
Let's have fish for dinner 夕食は魚にしよう
Ugh .. No えーいやだ
https://ja.hinative.com/questions/870022
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haggle
値切る、値下げの交渉をする
議論［論争］する
・There's no need to haggle. : 論争する必要はありません。
他動
〔～を〕ぶった切る、〔～を〕手荒に切る
haggle over the price of
～の値段を値切る［の交渉をする］
表現パターンhaggle over [about] the price of
learn how to haggle at the market
市場で値切るのがうまくなる
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Never know when it's the good old days until they're gone あの頃は良かったなってのは過ぎ去って初めてわかるものだ
communities always change when they get larger コミュニティは大きくなれば必ず変化していく
never gonna keep that smaller, more intimate thing going そうなればこじんまりとして距離の近かったあの感じはもう二度と戻らない
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イキる
I don’t like to talk to him because he is full of himself. 彼はイキってるので話したくありません。
He always tries to be bossy on purpose. 彼はいつもわざとイキろうとする。
You’ve changed. You used to be so cocky when we were in junior high school. 変わりましたね。あなたは中学生の頃、とてもイキってましたよ
He always gets carried away when we party. I think we shouldn’t let him drink much. パーティーのとき、彼はいつもイキります。彼にたくさん飲ませないほうがいい思います。
My father was always high-handed towards other parents. 私の父はいつも他の親に対してイキってました。
https://nativecamp.net/blog/20200805_full_of_oneself
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Again, I'm just going off my memory from a year ago, so be skeptical of what I say. Here are a few things that come to mind:
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like u just use the personality thing as a clutch to get ur foot in 自分の人となりを会話を始める取っ掛かりとして使えばいい (= as a starting point)
so if u talk to someone u just nerd out about learning japanese or something 誰かと話す際に日本語学習についてひたすら喋ってみたりとか
and thats like the vanguard of ur initial engagement そうすれば初めて会話をする際のきっかけになる
《have [get] (a [one's]) foot in (the) door》うまく最初の一歩を踏み出す、目的に向かって第一歩を進める、とっかかり［きっかけ・足掛かり］をつかむ、〔希望する組織などに〕入る機会に恵まれる、うまく入り込む、～する機会を得るきっかけをつかむ◆【語源】セールスパーソン［販売員］が玄関口で追い返されそうになったときに、ドアに足を入れて閉めさせないようにしてセールスしようとする様子から。
vanguard
〔文化や活動の〕前衛、先駆け◆【語源】15世紀にフランス語のavant-gardeがvandgardとして英語に入ったもの。
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learning japanese is like falling down an endless flight of stairs 日本語学習は果てしなく続く階段を転げ落ちるようなものだ。
everytime you almost get your grip and are able to stop yourself, you realize that youre not standing on a step and fall again 足をついて止まることができたかと思えば、踏み段に立っていないことに気づいてまた落ちる
flight of stairs 《a ～》一連の階段、一続きの階段、階と階の間の階段◆途中に踊り場がない一続きの階段
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I need to get on top of my sleep – as I get older I'm finding it more difficult to manage my ongoing sleep deficit.
睡眠を改善する必要がある。年をとるにつれ現在進行系の睡眠不足に対処するのが難しくなってきている
”get on top of 〜” 「（物事を）うまく対処して」
https://kiwi-english.net/41906
その他の意味：
～の上に乗る［乗りかかる］
・We'll get on top of the situation as soon as we can. : できるだけ早く事態を収拾します。
～の手に負えなくなる、～を悩ます
〔仕事を〕片付ける
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haven't seen you post at all where the fuck were you 全然投稿してるの見かけなかったがどこに行ってたんだ
I got life shit haha 人生いろいろあったんだよ笑 (= "I have life stuff" or "I have things going on in my life.")
so do we all そりゃみんなそうやろ
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John knows me. Me n him go back ジョンは俺のことを知ってるよ。あいつとは付き合いが長いからな
go back 〈話〉〔人が期間を〕さかのぼって知り合いである
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Man they made it so much hard to see member lists in mobile now モバイルだとメンバーリストがめっちゃ見にくくなったな
I think it's by design これはわざとだと思うわ
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I hate that it had to take this just for people to stop sleeping on Mel
みんながメルの素晴らしさに気づくためにはこれだけのこと（＝契約解除）が必要なんて嫌だわ
＝これだけのことが起こらないと誰もメルの素晴らしさに気づいてくれないなんて嫌だわ
sleep on
1. 〔即断・即答を避けて〕～について一晩考える
2. （米インフォーマル）人や物の素晴らしさに気づかない
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Hulu ignoring onscreen text makes it harder to follow big picture stuff
フールーが画面上に出てくるテキストを翻訳していないせいで、話の全体像が見えづらくなってしまっている
e.g.
He had the ability to look at the bigger picture 彼は物事を広く見渡す力があった
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Nothing ventured, nothing gained. 何ももっていない者は何も失うことはない。
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If there's one thing you fucking akbars got right it's food
ムスリム野郎どもに一つだけしっかりしていることがあるとすればそれは飯だ
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i learned it and i forgot it like the dumbass i am
それ学んだのにアホすぎて忘れてたわ
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I've been warming up to X = X has been growing on me
Xのことがだんだん好きになりつつある
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逆にわからなくなった
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それを拭いてきれいにした
水できれいにした
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She's got a lot of nerve = What nerve!
図々しさにもほどがある
https://eikaiwa.dmm.com/uknow/questions/30756/
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1. He ain't got shit on me あいつなんかじゃ俺には敵わないよ
2. They got shit on him. あいつらは彼のやばい情報を握ってる (shit = compromised information like blackmail)
3. “hey, do you have $5” “sorry, I don’t have shit on me.” すまん、今一文無しだわ (shit = anything)
4. “hey, you can’t arrest me, I don’t have shit on me”. 俺はヤクなんて持ってねえよ (shit = contraband)
https://hinative.com/questions/5145822
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a/one heck of ...
This was one heck of an experience
すっげー体験だった
“I had a heck of a time swimming with Alexander.”
すごいパーティだった
https://hinative.com/questions/14345692
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the annals of history
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what (who) do you take me for?＝私をなんだと思っているの？
What sort of person do you think I am? For example, What do you take me for, an idiot?
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英語にも「目が滑る」と同じ表現があるっぽい それとも英語から輸入されたのか？
It's hard to even go back and read it, my eyes keep sliding off it, or fail to comprehend it.
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late for work = ある特定の出来事を指すことが多い。「今行かなければ仕事に遅刻する。(I must go now or I shall be late for work.)」
Late to work = 上司など、他の人があなたについて言うときに使われる。「最近君の記録を見たが、今月は頻繁に遅刻しているようだね。(I have looked at your record recently and I see you've frequently been late to work this month.)」
https://www.englishforums.com/English/LateForToClass/knhbd/post.htm
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“I’ve decided to go back to teaching”
go back to teaching→他の仕事から教職に戻る
get back to teaching→不本意ながら教師を辞めたというはっきりとしたニュアンスがある（授業中に休憩して、授業に戻る際にも使える）
https://forum.wordreference.com/threads/go-back-vs-get-back.3778841/
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イスラエルV.S.ハマスが取りざたされる昨今、いっちょかみのはてサどもが「ガザ＝天井のない監獄＝可哀そうな人たち」という印象操作を企んでいるようだが騙されるなよ？
これを見ろ
WALKING IN GAZA, PALESTINE 🇵🇸 | Food Market | Gold Souk | Bazaar | Mosque Omari | Old City
これのどこが監獄だ？
物にあふれ、人にあふれ、時折子供が笑顔を見せるこの風景のどこが監獄だ？
なんならお前らが住んでる過疎過疎地方の駅前のシャッター商店街の方が監獄みあるだろ
空爆で街を壊され家を追われているのは天井のない監獄に捕らわれた哀れな囚人などではなく、普通の町で暮らす普通の人間なんだよ
Israeli Defense Minister Announces Siege On Gaza To Fight ‘Human Animals’
Defense Minister Yoav Gallant called for denying Palestinian people electricity, food, water and fuel as Israel continues its bombardment of Gaza.
Sanjana Karanth
Sanjana Karanth
Oct 9, 2023, 02:16 PM EDT
|Updated Oct 9, 2023
フラナリーやマーカス、スコットらに倣えば、最近まですべての階級社会における中心的な政治闘争は、誰が土地を耕し、誰が食料を手に入れるかをめぐるものだった。グレーバーとウェングローの見方は異なる。彼らにとって中心的な問題は権力であり、中心的な敵は国家である。そのため、彼らはいくつかの点で階級を無視している。これは彼らがアナーキストだからではない。ほとんどのアナーキストは、常に階級と権力を同時に重視することができる。
しかし、『万物の黎明』における省略は重要である。グレーバーとウェングローは、合意的で参加型の集会を支持する議論を推し進めようと躍起になっているように見えるが、そのために私たちに一連の謎を残している。4つの簡単な例を挙げれば、その問題がよくわかるだろう。
著者たちは、都市における国家に先行することが多い、村落における階級格差の拡大には関心がなく、その文献を否定している。また、小王国、領主、爵位にも興味がない。中央集権的な大国家が存在しなければそれでいいのだ。私たちは、複雑な採集民に関する彼らの説明の中に、このような紆余曲折をいくつか見てきた。このようなことは、他の多くの例にも現れている。
インダス川沿いの古代都市モヘンジョ＝ダロでは、約4万人が階級的不平等も国家もなく暮らしていた。
そして彼らは、ヒンドゥトヴァ派の歴史家たちと同様に、モヘンジョ＝ダロは実際に南アジアのカーストに沿って組織されていたと示唆する。しかし、グレーバーとウェングローは、これは平等主義的なカーストであったと言う。最初は驚かされるが、彼らが言いたいのは、王のいないカーストの不平等は容認できるということである[11]。
彼らは一貫して伝統的な王権の力を最小限に抑えている。ミシシッピ川流域のナチェズ王国がその好例である。グレーバーとウェングローは、太陽王の権力と凶悪な残虐性は彼の村の外には及ばなかったと言う。しかし実際には、ナチェズは白人のプランターに奉仕する奴隷貿易における主要な地域勢力であった[12]。
グレーバーとウェングローは、残酷な人身御供の祭りが世界中の初期の州で見られるという重要な事実を正しく強調している。数十人から数百人が生け贄にされ、その多くは戦争捕虜や若い女性、貧しい人々であった。
彼らは当然憤慨している。しかし、これらの生け贄の目的は、敵である他国の人々を恐怖に陥れることであったとも感じている。それとは対照的に、私たちは、流血の主な目的は、流血の実際の聴衆である、残酷な地方国家の臣民を恐怖に陥れることだったと考えている。
実際、このような残酷さが、それぞれの国家の初期の歴史に特徴的なのはそのためだろう。国家の正当性がまだ弱く、恐怖が最も必要とされていた時代である。国家権力が強化されるにつれて、戦乱や敵対は続くものの、壮大な犠牲が消えていくのもそのためだろう。
集会そのものも重要な最後の例である。グレーバーとウェングローは、古代メソポタミアの王国や国家における都市集会の力を極めて正しく指摘している。彼らは、これは王がすべての権力を持っていたわけではないという証拠だと言う。これは正しい。これらの王国で階級闘争が止まっていたと考えるのは、よほどナイーブでなければならないだろう。
しかし、グレイバーとウェングローは飛躍する。彼らは、これらの都市議会は、参加型民主主義を掲げる「占拠せよ！」やその他の社会正義運動の集会に似ていると指摘する。
古代メソポタミアでは、参加型民主主義のいかなる形態についても、これといった証拠はない。しかし、他の階級社会における都市全体や全国的な議会については、膨大な証拠がある。そのどれもが、富裕層や有力な一族によって支配されていた。古代スパルタでは地主が支配していた。ローマの元老院も同様だった。ジョン王や男爵家もそうだった。そしてごく最近まで、ヨーロッパのすべての議会の有権者は富裕層に限られていた。
この近視眼は重要である。他の多くの人々と同様、私たちは王国や国家を、不平等な社会における支配階級がルールを強化し、強制するために集まる方法として理解している。『万物の黎明』では、そのプロセスは目に見えない。
グレーバーとウェングローは怒っている。この怒りには、私たちのようにグローバルな不平等に絶望し、グローバル・エリートの政治を憎み、気候の混乱を恐れる読者を喜ばせるエネルギーがある。
多くの点で、彼らの本は新鮮な風を吹き込んでくれる。そして私たちは、既存のすべての国家に対する敵意を共有している。しかし、今後、気候変動を食い止めるためには、階級と環境の中心的重要性を含む人間の条件に関する理解が必要である。
[1] Fredrich Engels, 1884, The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State. The book was revived as a key text by socialist and Marxist feminists in debates about women’s liberation. Pace the 19th century social Darwinism which clearly took a lead from the Old Testament, it is now quite clear that both pastoralism and slash and burn agriculture appeared after, and not before, the advent of settled agriculture.
[2] Franz Boas, The Mind of Primitive Man, 1911; Claudia Ruth Pierpoint, ‘The Measure of America’, 2004; Ned Blackhawk and Isaiah Lorado Wilner, Indigenous Visions: Rediscovering the World of Franz Boas, 2018; Rosemary Lévy, Franz Boas: The Emergence of the Anthropologist, 2019.
[3] Very good examples of this work include Sara Hdry, Mothers and Others: The Evolutionary Origins of Mutual Understanding, 2005; Elizabeth Marshall Thomas, The Old Way, 2001; two articles by Steven Kuhn and Mary Stiner: ‘What’s a Mother To Do’, 2006 and ‘How Hearth and Home Made us Human’, 2019; Loretta Cormier and Sharon Jones, The Domesticated Penis: How Womanhood has Shaped Manhood, 2015; a key paper by Joanna Overing, ‘Men Control Women? The “Catch-22” in the Analysis of Gender’, 1987; two books by Christopher Boehm: Hierarchy in the Forest and the Evolution of Egalitarian Behavior, 1999, and Moral Origins, 2012; every book by the primatologist Frans de Waal; the two chapters by Brian Ferguson in Douglas Fry, ed., War, Peace and Human Nature, 2013; Richard Wrangham, Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human, 2010; and two books by the trans biologist Joan Roughgarden: Evolution’s Rainbow: Diversity, Gender and Sexuality in Nature and People, 2004, and The Genial Gene: Deconstructing Darwinian Selfishness, 2009.
[4] Our favourites among the ethnographies of our near contemporary hunter-gatherers are Marjorie Shostack, Nisa: The Life and Words of a !Kung Woman, 1981; Jean Briggs, Inuit Morality Play: The Emotional Education of a Three-Year-Old, 1998; Phyllis Kaberry, Aboriginal Women: Sacred and Profane, 1938, Karen Endicott and Kirk Endicott: The Headman was a Woman: The Gender Egalitarian Batek of Malaysia, 2008; Richard Lee, The !Kung San: Men, Women and Work in a Foraging Society, 1978; and Colin Turnbull, Wayward Servants: The Two Worlds of the African Pygmies, 1978.
[5] Kent Flannery and Joyce Marcus, The Creation of Inequality: How Our Prehistorical Ancestors Set the Stage for Monarchy, Slavery and Empire, 2012; and James C. Scott, The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland South-East Asia, 2009; Scott, Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States, 2017. Martin Jones, Feast: Why Humans Share Food, 2007, is also very useful.
[6] Edmund Leach had made a similar argument in 1954 in Political Systems of Highland Burma, and radically changed anthropology. For a brilliant ethnography of one group of anti-class hill rebels at the end of the twentieth century, see Shanshan Du, Chopsticks Only Work in Pairs: Gender Unity and Gender Equality Among the Lahu of Southeastern China, 2003. For Scott’s recent extension of his argument to ancient Mesopotamia, see Against the Grain.
[7] This is all succinctly described in Brian Hayden, ‘Transegalitarian Societies on the American Northwest Plateau: Social Dynamics and Cultural/Technological Changes,’ in Orlando Cerasuolo, ed., The Archaeology of Inequality, 2021.
[8] Start with Philip Drucker and Robert Heizer, 1967, To Make My Name Good: A Reexamination of the Southern Kwakiutl Potlatch; and Eric Wolf, Envisioning Power: Ideologies of Dominance and Crisis, 1999, 69-132.
[9] Jeanne Arnold, ‘Credit where Credit is Due: The History of the Chumash Oceangoing Plank Canoe’, 2007; and Lynn Gamble, The Chumash World at European Contact: Power, Trade and Fighting among Complex Hunter-Gatherers, 2011.
[10] On the Calusa, see The Dawn, 150-2; Fernando Santos-Cranero, 2010, Vital Enemies: Slavery, Predation and the Amerindian Political Economy of Life, 2010; and John Hann, Missions to the Calusa, 1991.
[11] Rita Wright, The Ancient Indus: Urbanism, Economy and Society, 2010; and Andrew Robinson, The Indus: Lost Civilizations, 2015.
[12] Robbie Ethridge and Sheri M. Shuck-Hall, Mapping the Mississippian Shatter Zone, 2009; and George Edward Milne, Natchez Country: Indians, Colonists and the Landscape of Race in French Louisiana, 2015.
