  |
はてなキーワード: Illとは
Betsy and Solomon lived happily through that winter and spring, and before summer came we had made up our minds to return to the East. What should we do with the owls? They would be a great deal of trouble to some one. They required an immense amount of petting, and a frequent supply of perfectly fresh meat. No matter how busy we were, one of us had to go to the butcher every other day.
We began to inquire among our friends who would like a nice, affectionate pair of owls? There seemed no great eagerness on the part of any one to(23) take the pets we so much valued. Plans for their future worried me so much that at last I said to my sister, “We will take them East with us.”
The owls, who were to take so long a journey, became objects of interest to our friends, and at a farewell tea given to us, a smartly dressed young man vowed that he must take leave of Solomon and Betsy. Calling for a broom, he slowly passed it to and fro over the carpet before them, while they sat looking at him with lifted ear tufts that betrayed great interest in his movements.
We trembled a little in view of our past moving experiences, but we were devoted to the little creatures and, when the time came, we cheerfully boarded the overland train at Oakland.
We had with us Betsy and Solomon in their large cage, and in a little cage a pair of strawberry finches, so called because their breasts are dotted like a strawberry. A friend had requested us to bring them East for her. We had also a dog—not Teddy, that had only been lent to us; but our own Irish setter Nita, one of the most lovable and interesting animals that I have ever owned.
The chipmunk was no longer with us. He had not seemed happy in the aviary—indeed, he lay down in it and threw me a cunning look, as if to say, “I will die if you don’t let me out of this.” So I gave him the freedom of the house. That pleased him, and for a few days he was very diligent in assisting us with our housekeeping by picking(24) all the crumbs off the floors and eating them. Then he disappeared, and I hope was happy ever after among the superb oak trees of the university grounds close to us.
When we started for the East, the pets, of course, had to go into the baggage car, and I must say here for the benefit of those persons who wish to travel with animals and birds, that there is good accommodation for them on overland trains. Sometimes we bought tickets for them, sometimes they had to go in an express car, sometimes we tipped the baggagemasters, but the sums spent were not exorbitant, and we found everywhere provision made for pets. You cannot take them in your rooms in hotels, but there is a place for them somewhere, and they will be brought to you whenever you wish to see them, or to give them exercise. We were on several different railway lines, and visited eight different cities, and the dog and birds, upon arriving in eastern Canada, seemed none the worse for their trip.
However, I would not by any means encourage the transportation of animals. Indeed, my feelings on the subject, since I understand the horrors animals and birds endure while being whirled from one place to another, are rather too strong for utterance. I would only say that in a case like mine, where separation between an owner and pets would mean unhappiness, it is better for both to endure a few days or weeks of travel. Then the case of animals(25) and birds traveling with some one who sees and encourages them every day is different from the case of unfortunate creatures sent off alone.
Our Nita was taken out of the car at every station where it was possible to exercise her, and one of us would run into restaurants along the route to obtain fresh meat for the owls. Their cage was closely covered, but whenever they heard us coming they hooted, and as no one seemed to guess what they were, they created a great deal of interest. My sister and I were amused one evening in Salt Lake City to see a man bending over the cage with an air of perplexity.
“They must be pollies,” he said at last, and yet his face showed that he did not think those were parrot noises issuing from within.
I remember one evening on arriving in Albany, New York, causing slight consternation in the hotel by a demand for raw meat. We hastened to explain that we did not want it for ourselves, and finally obtained what we wished.
As soon as we arrived home in Halifax, Nova Scotia, the owls were put downstairs in a nice, dry basement. They soon found their way upstairs, where the whole family was prepared to welcome them on account of their pretty ways and their love for caresses.
Strange to say, they took a liking to my father, who did not notice them particularly, and a mischievous dislike to my mother, who was disposed to(26) pet them. They used to fly on her head whenever they saw her. Their little claws were sharp and unpleasant to her scalp. We could not imagine why they selected her head unless it was that her gray hair attracted them. However, we had a French Acadian maid called Lizzie, whose hair was jet black, and they disliked her even more than they did my mother.
Lizzie, to get to her storeroom, had to cross the furnace-room where the owls usually were, and she soon began to complain bitterly of them.
“Dey watch me,” she said indignantly, “dey fly on my head, dey scratch me, an’ pull out my hairpins, an’ make my head sore.”
“Why don’t you push them off, Lizzie?” I asked, “they are only tiny things.”
“Dey won’t go—dey hold on an’ beat me,” she replied, and soon the poor girl had to arm herself with a switch when she went near them.
Lizzie was a descendant of the veritable Acadians mentioned in Longfellow’s “Evangeline,” of whom there are several thousand in Nova Scotia. My mother was attached to her, and at last she said, “I will not have Lizzie worried. Bring the owls up in my bathroom.”
There they seemed perfectly happy, sitting watching the sparrows from the window and teasing my long-suffering mother, who was obliged to give up using gas in this bathroom, for very often the owls put it out by flying at it.
(27)
One never heard them coming. I did not before this realize how noiseless the flight of an owl is. One did not dream they were near till there was a breath of air fanning one’s cheek. After we gave up the gas, for fear they would burn themselves, we decided to use a candle. It was absolutely necessary to have an unshaded light, for they would perch on any globe shading a flame, and would burn their feet.
The candle was more fun for them than the gas, for it had a smaller flame, and was more easily extinguished, and usually on entering the room, away would go the light, and we would hear in the corner a laughing voice, saying “Too, who, who, who, who!”
The best joke of all for the owls was to put out the candle when one was taking a bath, and I must say I heard considerable grumbling from the family on the subject. It seemed impossible to shade the light from them, and to find one’s self in the dark in the midst of a good splash, to have to emerge from the tub, dripping and cross, and search for matches, was certainly not calculated to add to one’s affection for Solomon and Betsy. However, they were members of the family, and as George Eliot says, “The members of your family are like the nose on your face—you have got to put up with it, seeing you can’t get rid of it.”
Alas! the time soon came when we had to lament the death of one of our troublesome but beloved pets.
Betsy one day partook heartily of a raw fish head,(28) and in spite of remedies applied, sickened rapidly and sank into a dying condition.
I was surprised to find what a hold the little thing had taken on my affection. When her soft, gray body became cold, I held her in my hand close to the fire and, with tears in my eyes, wished for a miracle to restore her to health.
She lay quietly until just before she died. Then she opened her eyes and I called to the other members of the family to come and see their strange expression. They became luminous and beautiful, and dilated in a peculiar way. We hear of the eyes of dying persons lighting up wonderfully, and this strange illumination of little Betsy’s eyes reminded me of such cases.
Even after death she lay with those wide-open eyes, and feeling that I had lost a friend, I put down her little dead body. It was impossible for me to conceal my emotion, and my mother, who had quite forgotten Betsy’s hostility to her, generously took the little feathered creature to a taxidermist.
I may say that Betsy was the first and last bird I shall ever have stuffed. I dare say the man did the work as well as it could be done, but I gazed in dismay at my Betsy when she came home. That stiff little creature sitting on a stick, with glazed eyes and motionless body, could not be the pretty little bird whose every motion was grace. Ever since the day of Betsy’s death, I can feel no admiration for a dead bird. Indeed, I turn sometimes with a shudder(29) from the agonized postures, the horrible eyes of birds in my sister women’s hats—and yet I used to wear them myself. My present conviction shows what education will do. If you like and study live birds, you won’t want to wear dead ones.
After Betsy’s death Solomon seemed so lonely that I resolved to buy him a companion. I chose a robin, and bought him for two dollars from a woman who kept a small shop. A naturalist friend warned me that I would have trouble, but I said remonstratingly, “My owl is not like other owls. He has been brought up like a baby. He does not know that his ancestors killed little birds.”
Alas! When my robin had got beautifully tame, when he would hop about after me, and put his pretty head on one side while I dug in the earth for worms for him, when he was apparently on the best of terms with Sollie, I came home one day to a dreadful discovery. Sollie was flying about with the robin’s body firmly clutched in one claw. He had killed and partly eaten him. I caught him, took the robin away from him, and upbraided him severely.
“Too, who, who, who who,” he said—apologetically, it seemed to me, “instinct was too strong for me. I got tired of playing with him, and thought I would see what he tasted like.”
I could not say too much to him. What about the innocent lambs and calves, of which Sollie’s owners had partaken?
(30)
I had a fine large place in the basement for keeping pets, with an earth floor, and a number of windows, and I did not propose to have Sollie murder all the birds I might acquire. So, one end of this room was wired off for him. He had a window in this cage overlooking the garden, and it was large enough for me to go in and walk about, while talking to him. He seemed happy enough there, and while gazing into the garden or watching the rabbits, guineapigs, and other pets in the large part of the room, often indulged in long, contented spells of cooing—not hooting.
In 1902 I was obliged to leave him for a six months’ trip to Europe. He was much petted by my sister, and I think spent most of his time upstairs with the family. When I returned home I brought, among other birds, a handsome Brazil cardinal. I stood admiring him as he stepped out of his traveling cage and flew around the aviary. Unfortunately, instead of choosing a perch, he flattened himself against the wire netting in Sollie’s corner.
I was looking right at him and the owl, and I never saw anything but lightning equal the celerity of Sollie’s flight, as he precipitated himself against the netting and caught at my cardinal’s showy red crest. The cardinal screamed like a baby, and I ran to release him, marveling that the owl could so insinuate his little claws through the fine mesh of the wire. However, he could do it, and he gripped the struggling cardinal by the long, hair-like(31) topknot, until I uncurled the wicked little claws. A bunch of red feathers fell to the ground, and the dismayed cardinal flew into a corner.
“Sollie,” I said, going into his cage and taking him in my hand, “how could you be so cruel to that new bird?”
“Oh, coo, coo, coo, coo,” he replied in a delightfully soft little voice, and gently resting his naughty little beak against my face. “You had better come upstairs,” I said, “I am afraid to leave you down here with that poor cardinal. You will be catching him again.”
He cooed once more. This just suited him, and he spent the rest of his life in regions above. I knew that he would probably not live as long in captivity as he would have done if his lot had been cast in the California foothills. His life was too unnatural. In their native state, owls eat their prey whole, and after a time disgorge pellets of bones, feathers, hairs, and scales, the remnants of food that cannot be digested.
My owls, on account of their upbringing, wanted their food cleaned for them. Betsy, one day, after much persuasion, swallowed a mouse to oblige me, but she was such a dismal picture as she sat for a long time with the tail hanging out of her beak that I never offered her another.
I tried to keep Solomon in condition by giving him, or forcing him to take, foreign substances, but my plan only worked for a time.
(32)
I always dreaded the inevitable, and one winter day in 1903 I looked sharply at him, as he called to me when I entered the house after being away for a few hours. “That bird is ill!” I said.
No other member of the family saw any change in him, but when one keeps birds and becomes familiar with the appearance of each one, they all have different facial and bodily expressions, and one becomes extremely susceptible to the slightest change. As I examined Sollie, my heart sank within me, and I began to inquire what he had been eating. He had partaken freely of boiled egg, meat, and charcoal. I gave him a dose of olive oil, and I must say that the best bird or beast to take medicine is an owl. Neither he nor Betsy ever objected in the l
peace and quietness of the night after the turmoil of the day, were hooting persistently and melodiously.
“The landlady and the boarders,” gasped my sister; “they will hear and wake up. Can’t you stop the little wretches?”
I sprang out of bed, and addressed a solemn remonstrance to Solomon and Betsy. They were exceedingly glad to see me, and distending their little throats, continued to hoot, their clear, sweet young voices carrying only too well on the still Californian night air.
Then the chipmunk woke up and began to slide up and down an inclined piece of wood in his part of the cage. We were in despair. We could not sleep, until I had the happy thought of giving the owls a bath. I seized Betsy, held her in a basin of water, and wet her feathers considerably. Then I served Solomon in the same way, and for the rest of the night the tiny little things occupied themselves in smoothing their wet plumage. The chipmunk quieted down, and we had peace.
(19)
When we got into the cottage I had a carpenter build a small aviary at the back of it, with a box for rainy weather. The nights were not too cold for my hardy birds. Indeed, they were not too cold for many semi-tropical ones. I found a bird fancier not far from me, who had built a good-sized, open-air aviary, where he kept canaries and foreign finches all the year round, with only a partly open, glass shelter for the birds to use when it rained.
My sparrowhawk did not seem unhappy in my aviary, but he never had the contented, comfortable expression that the owls had. His apathy was pathetic, and the expression of his beautiful, cruel eyes was an unsatisfied one. In time, I should have allowed him to go, but suddenly he fell ill. I think I overfed him, for I got him into the habit of taking a late supper, always leaning out the window and handing him a piece of meat on the end of a stick before I went to bed.
I brought him into the warm kitchen, where he moped about for a few days. Just before he died he came hopping toward the parlor, where I sat entertaining a friend. I often took him in there on the broad windowsill and talked to him as I sat sewing.
He stood in the doorway, gave me a peculiar look, as if to say, “I would come in if you were alone,” hopped back to the kitchen, and in a short time was no more.
My sister and I mourned sincerely for our pretty bird, and I had the uncomfortable feeling that I(20) might have done better if I had left him in his own habitat—but then he might have starved to death if his parents had not found him. Would death by starvation have been any more painful than his death with me? Possibly some larger creature might have killed him swiftly and mercifully—it was a puzzling case, and I resolved to give up worrying about it. I had done what I considered was best, and I tried to console myself for his death in petting the dear little owls that had become so tame that they called to my sister and me whenever they saw us, and loved to have us take them in our hands and caress them.
About them I had no misgivings. They would certainly have died if I had not adopted them, and there was no question about their happiness. They were satisfied with a state of captivity. They had so far lost one of their owl habits, for they kept awake nearly all day, and slept nearly all night—and they could see quite well in the most brilliant Californian sunlight, and that is pretty brilliant. A cat or a dog many yards distant would cause them to raise excitedly the queer little ear tufts that play so prominent a part in the facial expression of some owls, and they would crack their beaks together and hiss angrily if the enemy came too near.
Cats and dogs frightened them, and a broom merely excited them. When strangers wanted to see the elevation of these tufts, a broom, swiftly passed over the floor, would cause Solomon and(21) Betsy to become very wide awake, with feather tufts straight up in the air. I never saw them abjectly and horribly frightened but once. A lady had brought her handsome parrot into the room where the owls were. The poor little mites put up their ear tufts, swayed to and fro on their perch, and instead of packing their feathers and becoming thin and elongated in appearance, as they did for cats and dogs, they puffed themselves out, snapped their beaks, and uttered the loudest hissing noise I had ever heard from them.
From their extremity of fear I concluded that their instinct told them this danger was so imminent that they must make themselves as formidable as possible.
The parrot was of course quickly removed, and I took care that they should never again see another one.
CONSIDERATIONS ON REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT
Chapter X—Of the Mode of Voting.
The polling places should be so numerous as to be within easy reach of every voter, and no expenses of conveyance, at the cost of the candidate, should be tolerated under any pretext. The infirm, and they only on medical certificate, should have the right of claiming suitable carriage conveyance at the cost of the state or of the locality. Hustings, poll clerks, and all the necessary machinery of elections, should be at the public charge. Not only the candidate should not be required, he should not be permitted to incur any but a limited and trifling expense for his election. Mr. Hare thinks it desirable that a sum of £50 should be required from every one who places his name on the list of candidates, to prevent persons who have no chance of success, and no real intention of attempting it, from becoming candidates in wantonness or from mere love of notoriety, and perhaps carrying off a few votes which are needed for the return of more serious aspirants. There is one expense which a candidate or his supporters can not help incurring, and which it can hardly be expected that the public should defray for every one who may choose to demand it—that of making his claims known to the electors, by advertisements, placards, and circulars. For all necessary expenses of this kind the £50 proposed by Mr. Hare, if allowed to be drawn upon for these purposes (it might be made £100 if requisite), ought to be sufficient. If the friends of the candidate choose to go to expense for committees and canvassing, there are no means of preventing them; but such expenses out of the candidates's own pocket, or any expenses whatever beyond the deposit of £50 (or £100), should be illegal and punishable. If there appeared any likelihood that opinion would refuse to connive at falsehood, a declaration on oath or honor should be required from every member, on taking his seat, that he had not expended, nor would expend, money or money's worth beyond the £50, directly or indirectly, for the purposes of his election; and if the assertion were proved to be false or the pledge to have been broken, he should be liable to the penalties of perjury. It is probable that those penalties, by showing that the Legislature was in earnest, would turn the course of opinion in the same direction, and would hinder it from regarding, as has hitherto done, this most serious crime against society as a venial peccadillo. When once this effect has been produced, there need be no doubt that the declaration on oath or honor would be considered binding. [6] "Opinion tolerates a false disclaimer only when it already tolerates the thing disclaimed." This is notoriously the case with regard to electoral corruption. There has never yet been, among political men, any real and serious attempt to prevent bribery, because there has been no real desire that elections should not be costly. Their costliness is an advantage to those who can afford the expense by excluding a multitude of competitors; and any thing, however noxious, is cherished as having a conservative tendency, if it limits the access to Parliament to rich men. This is a rooted feeling among our legislators of both political parties, and is almost the only point on which I believe them to be really ill-intentioned. They care comparatively little who votes, as long as they feel assured that none but persons of their own class can be voted for. They know that they can rely on the fellow-feeling of one of their class with another, while the subservience of nouveaux enrichis who are knocking at the door of the class is a still surer reliance; and that nothing very hostile to the class interests or feelings of the rich need be apprehended under the most democratic suffrage, as long as democratic persons can be prevented from being elected to Parliament. But, even from their own point of view, this balancing of evil by evil, instead of combining good with good, is a wretched policy. The object should be to bring together the best members of both classes, under such a tenure as shall induce them to lay aside their class preferences, and pursue jointly the path traced by the common interest, instead of allowing the class feelings of the Many to have full swing in the constituencies, subject to the impediment of having to act through persons imbued with the class feelings of the Few.
https://b.hatena.ne.jp/entry/kaigainohannoublog.blog55.fc2.com/blog-entry-4291.html
https://www.facebook.com/reel/389380193304358/
関連度の高い順で上から
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
英国のデイリー・テレグラフ (The Telegraph)で取り上げられたので話題のひとつとして Resetera にポストされてた
Japanese composer (Cornelius) who abused disabled classmates and forced them to perform sex acts remains involved in Tokyo Olympics opening ceremony
🔴Tokyo Olympics organisers insist they are happy for a Keigo Oyamada to continue as a composer for the opening ceremony despite interviews resurfacing where he described abusing mentally ill classmates.
Fuckでいっぱい ← 残当
That translated article is kind of a sad read, and he definitely didn’t feel an ounce of remorse ← 残当
(その翻訳記事はちょっと悲しい内容で、彼には反省のかけらもありませんでした。)
I'd only believe he really changed if he revealed he spent the last couple decades trying to make things right and using a great deal of his time and money to assist his victims and disabled people in general. ← 一般的にはそうだろうね
(彼が本当に変わったと思うのは、過去数十年間、物事を正そうと努力し、自分の時間とお金を使って、被害者や一般の障害者を支援してきたことを明らかにした場合だけです。)
Cornelius is an artist I really admired, I am shocked at this. ←ほんこれな。この話はパラリンピック以前から知っては居たけど胸糞＆反省なさ過ぎてな。彼の音楽は好きなんだけどね
(コーネリアスは本当に尊敬していたアーティストなので、今回のことはショックです。)
wooow,, did not know this about Cornelius, disgusted.
And he wasn't even a kid when he blatantly admitted to these things in interview, he was 25 at the time... I feel like tossing a couple songs off my spotify now I feel like tossing a couple songs off my spotify now ← 記事を見た時、ワイもそうした
(うわー、、コーネリアスについてこれを知りませんでした、うんざりです。
そして、彼がインタビューでこれらのことを露骨に認めたとき、彼は子供でさえありませんでした。彼は当時25歳でした
...私は今私のspotifyからいくつかの曲を投げたい気分です)
▼ソニーのウォークマン宣伝のページがWEBサイトから消える
「音のディティールを掴んで音楽の世界に夢中になれる」ヘッドホン
#Cornelius や #METAFIVE など、多様な音楽を紡いできた #小山田圭吾 さんギター
古くからの #ウォークマン ユーザーでもある小山田さんが、ご自身のリスニングスタイルと音楽専用機に感じている魅力を紹介しますスタジオマイク複数の音符
https://www.sony.jp/feature/products/200826/?s_tc=jp_sf_tw_feajrny_0827
該当ツイート
https://twitter.com/FeaturebySonyJp/status/1298849564854648832?s=20
ソニーも消すくらいなら調べてから宣伝に採用すりゃあイイのに・・・
それはともかく、
彼がやったことは許されることじゃないけど、犯罪者の再チャレンジを許さない社会はそれはそれでヤバいし、
or
これでじゅうぶんな禊ぎにはなると思う
これからも精力的に活躍はして欲しいがパラリンピックには不適切なのは明らかなのでとりあえず辞退して
anond:20210718071328 anond:20210718113849 anond:20210718120209 anond:20210718120548 anond:20210718123324 anond:20210718130753 anond:20210718133951 anond:20210718170015
野良ポケモンを倒してレベル上げをすること。対人戦闘と違って農業のように黙々とやることからこう呼ばれる。
ファーム時に野良ポケモンを最後に倒したプレイヤーに多くの経験値が入ること、及びその行為を狙うこと。Creepは似たようなゲームにおける野良ポケモンの呼び方。ラストヒットは最後に攻撃すること。
ステージ上下にある道のこと。ルートでいいじゃんって思うけどレーンって呼ぶ人が多い。
上下のルート（レーン）の間にある野良ポケモンがたくさんいる空間。
野良ポケモンの中にいるデカいやつ（ロトムやバッフロン）を倒すとキャラクターが強化されること、及びその強化状態、強化するために倒すべきポケモン。
ギャングが集団で一人をボコボコにするように人数さを作ってキルを取ること、及びキルを取るための戦闘。
上下のルートどちらにも向かわずジャングル（中央の野良ポケモンがたくさんいる空間）でレベリングをしたり、ジャングルバフを取ったり、相手チーム近くのジャングルバフを横取りに行ったり逆に守ったりしつつ、折りを見てガンクを狙う人。ファームで野良ポケモンを味方と取り合う機会が減るためチーム全体のレベルが相手から先行しやすく、戦場で突然人数差が産まれるので相手が動きにくくなる。チームに１人欲しい。
アタッカーのこと。チームを勝利へと導くから。自身がある人がやろう
キャリーには向いていないワタシラガやプクリンのようなキャラのこと。キャリーと同じレーンになったらCS(野良ポケモンの経験値）を譲ってあげるといいけど、スキルが全部開放されてないなら相手と同じタイミングでレベルが上がるようにしよう。
状態異常のこと。集団戦に置いてCrowd（群衆）を状態異常によってコントロールすることからCC。広域スタン等はキルに大きく絡むので上手く使おう。
Knowing the fast, blowing the pass, hoping and coping an omen to dance.
はいいとして、次がむずい
Flowing and / roaming is / leaving his / hoe with a / dope under
は
みたいな感じ
次のとこはむずくないけど踏み方が面白い。と思う。こういうのありがちなのか？
Godzilla / rocking, / knocking, / iller stomping
on the killer / marker / Founder / stomp Mc/Carthy / villain / with Is/lamic s/criptures
rocking, / knocking, / ill*er* stomping
on the kill*er* / marker / Founder / stomp Mc/Carthy / villain / with Is/lamic s/criptures
一瞬だけ韻が2列並列で進んでるように見える
一時期、ネトフリでジョーカー(Joker) 観れるよと推してる増田 (anond:20200709210553) がいたけどジョーカー観た？
個人的には、公開時に映画館で観たし、名作だけどドンヨリするので何回も見る映画じゃ無いかなぁって思うんだけど、
彼は日記にこう綴る (日記を書くシーンなので少しずつ日本語字幕が出てくる)、
(日本語字幕)
『心の病を持つものにとって最悪なのは・・・』
『世間の目だ』
『こう訴えてくる』
『心の病いなどない・・・』
『普通の人のように してろと』
(原文)
the worst part about
having a mental illness
is
people expect
you to behave
as if you
D😊NT
ホアキン・フェニックスの演技が最高だとか、 XXのシーンが映画○○のオマージュ・80年代の描写・美術が素晴らしいとか、
△△の暗喩・社会風刺がとか、どこまでが本当かわからない構成がイカしてる(すべて虚構 ジョークの可能性あり)とか、
そういうんじゃ全然無くて、
あの映画を観て多くの人がドンヨリした気分になったことを知れたことだ
『困難を抱えている人にみな共感することができる』、
社会性動物なんで当たり前っちゃ当たり前の話でもあるんだけど、文字にすると、言葉にすると、闇を照らすような言葉だよね？
(当たり前の例)
[Psychology] Anxiolytic Treatment Impairs Helping Behavior in Rats
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00850/full
[Current Biology] Harm to Others Acts as a Negative Reinforcer in Rats
https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(20)30017-8
日本語記事：「誰かを助ける」のに理由はいらない（哺乳類なら）：研究結果 (WIRED)
https://wired.jp/2016/07/01/rats-empathy/
実際、ジョーカーの日記の文でネット検索すると、出てくるでてくる共感の言葉 (もちろん暴力と精神疾患を結びつけるな誤解を招く😡もあったよ)
そして、Quora に出てくる "The worst part of having a mental illness is people expect you to behave as if you don't."Do you agree with this statement?
とまったく同じ文言の質問の山 (その質問は既にありますよの概念は世界中どこにも存在しない)
ほんで、山を覗いたり、blogを見たりすると、精神医療従事者に限らず、
『身体の障害は目に見えるが精神の障害は目に見えないため、元気に見える(障害を持っているように見えない)』
『理解の無い人たちに、“病いや障害は無い。普通に振る舞え” と言われるか、“クレージー” と言われる』
『精神疾患が無いように振る舞うことを強制することは、当事者から自信を奪い、病状を深刻に悪化させる』
『昔の同性愛者・女性・黒人(白人以外の人種)のように社会に差別され抑制されている』
『彼らは、愛、共感、思いやり で扱われるべき』
って言ってるし、
よっぽどこのフレーズが気に入ったのか引用したTシャツ・トレーナーなどのアイテムやパロディ商品も作られている
「ああよかった、また世界はひとつ、優しくなった、良くなった」と言って良さそうな風にも見えるけど、
どうですか？ 映画 ジョーカー(Joker) の 後では、世界は少しは思いやりのある生きやすい場所になった感はありますか？
まぁおそらくそうはなってはいなくて、わたしたちは想像力があり共感も出来るのに、どうしてそうなっちゃうのかというと、
Quora で、ある元教師いわく、
(多くの人は、「人と違う」人を非常に不愉快に思います。彼らは病気の人、障害者(ディスエイブルド、ハンディキャップ、チャレンジド)を無視することを好みます。
ほとんどの場合、「他者」に対してどのように行動すべきかについての無知と知識の欠如であり、彼らの不安は回避行動に変換されます)
でも、『どのように行動すべきかについての知識の欠如』が原因なのはわかっているけれど、わたしたちは具体的にどんなアクションをするべきなんでしょうね？
その名の通りデイダラボッチぽいアイコンが印象的 ファーストブクマカをやりつつセンスも光る感じで相当強者っぽい でもアルファベットと数字の謎めいたタグをいつも付けててマジで不気味
この人もファーストブクマカの印象が強い 画像でボケてることがほとんどで、ひょうきんものという印象が強い IDが短かったと思うけどなんだか忘れた
適当に読んでるから分からんけど花のアイコンの人 俺の増田に時々ファーストブクマをくれるから印象がいい いい人そう・陰気そう(ブクマカなんて全員陰気なんだよな) (俺は「陰気」を褒め言葉として使っている)
好感度が高い珍しいタイプのブクマカ 非リア芸を披露している印象が強いけど時々いいことも言ってる 親戚のおじさん(45歳独身)みたいな…
自画像っぽいアイコンの人 どこにでもいる(どの記事を見てもブコメを書いている、の意)という印象が強い 幅広い芸風で印象が絞りづらい
複数いる群れのひとつ リベラル派という印象 まえ叩かれたのでムカつく！と思っているが明らかに複数いるのでどの人にムカついていいかわからん 結構良識派が多いイメージ
ハト？カラス？をアイコンにしてる人 illみたいなIDの人の存在感が強いが、似たアイコンの別人も複数いる雰囲気 これも良識派って感じ
多すぎてわからん その辺にいそうな茶色い猫の比率が高いのはなんでなんだ リアル飼い猫なのかな
JTみたいなIDの人 どの記事でもずっとダジャレを言っててちょっと不気味 無理やり濁点をつけてたりして根性を感じる わりとマジでどこがシャレか分かんなくて考え込むことがあってムカつく！
酒・瞑想・野菜みたいな宗派の人 アカン人扱いされているようだが、俺にはそんなにアカンくは見えない 有象無象のブクマカにもっとヤバいのがウヨウヨしてるから… 破壊的なブコメが多い印象はある
タグで"不安になる"をよくつけている人 意味不明な謎増田に困惑しつつファーストブクマをつけて日向に引きずりだしてくれるありがたい存在
https://georgebest1969.typepad.jp/blog/2020/03/事実に誠意を.html
これが原文です。
外国から問い合わせが来ているけれども時間がなくて訳せないということで、DeepLの性能確認ついでにやってみました。
この私訳と岩田健太郎先生は無関係なのでよろしくお願いします。
訳された文章を原文と見比べ、翻訳で文章がおかしくなったところや慣用句は「必ず日本語側の文章をいじることで」できるだけ解消しました。
よって改変した文章だけをこちらに載せ、改変する必要がなかったところは段落番号しか載せていません。元文章は元ブログを当たってください。
英語に詳しいパーソンが精査していただけると幸いです。
1 Most of what I'm about to write is no different from what I've said and done in the past. However, I have been asked the same question repeatedly, so I would like to reiterate it. We have received many inquiries from overseas as well, so we should have prepared the same content in English, but due to time constraints, I'm afraid I'll have to skip it. This article is designed to be read without basic knowledge of infectious diseases and jargon, but it is rather difficult to understand. Please forgive me for that.
感想：「Chromeかなにかでそれぞれ母国語に訳してお読みいただけると幸いです。」がきれいさっぱり消えている。DeepLの自負心だろう。
2 The fact that the number of COVID-19 reports in Japan is very low compared to other countries is attracting attention from home and abroad. Is it true? It has been pointed out that the number of tests is so small that we may be misreading the actual number of infected people.
3 However, this point is wrong at various layers. In the first place, Japan does not aim to capture all the numbers of COVID-19. Whether it's administrative testing or insured care, the state basically has a testing strategy in mind to diagnose, hospitalize, and isolate critically ill patients who need to be hospitalized. It is natural that they "haven't figured it out" and they don't intend to. That's not a bad thing.In fact, the situation is the same in every country, large or small, and no country, whether in the United States, Europe, or Asia, is aiming to "capture the whole number.
感想：最後の文はなぜか他の文と一緒に入力すると訳してくれなかった。この文一つだけ入力すると訳してくれた。
よく考えると「多かれ少なかれ」は通じないだろうから直した方がよかった。なぜかDeepLに繋がらなくなったのでもう直せない。
WHOもそんなことは求めていない。もっとも、そのわりに日本は帰国者無症状者にPCRをやってみたり、無症状な検査陽性者を入院隔離させてみたり（軽症者は自宅じゃなかったの？）、プリンシプルにおいて首尾一貫していない。だから、「彼らがなにがやりたいか私たちはよくわからない」ので、人々は不安になる。リスコミにおける失敗と言えよう。
The WHO is not asking for such a thing. But instead, Japan gives PCR to asymptomatic returnees and isolates asymptomatic test-positive people in hospital (wasn't it home for people with minor illnesses?). It has not been coherent in its principles. So, people get anxious because "we're not sure what they want to do". It's a failure in the press.
感想：「なにがやりたいかよくわからない」に主語を付与する必要があった。リスコミがpressになった。よくわかったな。
「〜は自宅じゃなかったの？）、」の、が.になっているのがよくわからない。なぜかDeepLに繋がらなくなったのでもう直せない。
4 The difference between Korea and Japan is the "result" and not the "purpose". In South Korea, where the number of infected people had surged in one place, we had to focus on inspections in and around the area. If such a phenomenon (let's call it an overshoot) occurs in Japan, the number of inspections will increase. When the situation is different, arguing only on the basis of the number of tests without observing the situation is like trying to say, "That team made 50 sliding tackles while this team made only one," without watching a football game. In games where you don't have to slide (e.g., when you're in possession the whole time), even 0 times isn't a "mistake," and of course 50 times isn't a mistake.
5 全数把握ができていない疾患など山のようにある。日本ではインフルエンザの「全数」把握はしておらず、定点観測である。疫学上、感染対策上、それで十分な情報が得られているからだ。日本で毎年風邪が何例発生しているか、正確に把握したデータはない。レセプトデータを見ればわかるじゃないか、というのも間違いで、なぜなら多くの風邪患者は（ぼくのように）受診せずに自然に治るまで待っている。医療に限らず、経済学でも政治学でもデータはサンプリングから母数を推定するのがほとんどで、「全数」は非効率的な状態把握法なのだ。
There are many diseases for which the total number of patients is not known. In Japan, we do not have a "total" number of influenza cases, but only a fixed-point observation. Because that's enough information, both epidemiologically and in terms of infection control. There is no accurate data on how many cases of the common cold occur each year in Japan. It's also a mistake to say that you can tell by looking at the receipt data, because many cold patients (like me) don't see a doctor and wait until they are cured naturally. Not only in medicine, but also in economics and political science, data are mostly based on sampling to estimate population numbers, and "whole numbers" is an inefficient way of grasping the situation.
感想：ちょこちょこ変えてある。日本語の文章が多少おかしくなっているのは勘弁してほしい。接続詞を適切に入れると格段に翻訳が正確になる。
6 We have not seen the devastation in Japan as in Italy, Spain or New York City. There is no medical collapse in a critically ill patient, no use of the operating room as an ICU, no piling up of bodies on a skating rink with no place to put them. Even if the "numbers" are not known, it is a fact that the current situation in Japan (including Tokyo) is much better controlled than in other countries.
7 Even so, you may be interested in "Well, what about the actual situation? There are estimates. For example, Dr. Hiroshi Nishiura and his group estimate that the number of mild illnesses in Japan may be twice the reported number. The catch rate is 0.44, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.37-0.50.
8 Although the study was based on data from China, there is no guarantee that the Chinese COVID-19 demographic is the same as the Japanese one. Also, since the original study did not include asymptomatic patients or those with minor illnesses that did not require hospitalization, the number of infected patients estimated on that basis would inevitably be an underestimate. If you are more paranoid, it's not unreasonable to believe that "the Japanese and Chinese viruses are different because of the mutation" (although I don't think so).
9 This does not diminish the value of the paper itself. The model must always use existing parameters, and it is often impossible to prove the external validity of these parameters. If the underlying parameters are not reasonable, the predictions will not be correct. A model assumes a simplified world insofar as it is a model. A model without simplification, which is an adjectival contradiction.
数理モデルのこうした「前提」にイチャモンを付けるのは、例えばAという疾患を対象にランダム化比較試験をしたときに、「Bという疾患については説明できないじゃないか」と文句を言うようなもので、業界の仁義に反する意味のない揚げ足取りである。
To complain about these "assumptions" of the mathematical model is like complaining, for example, "You can't explain disease B," when a randomized controlled trial is conducted for disease A. This is a meaningless tirade against the honor of the industry.
感想；「分からない」を「説明できない」に変えた。多分これでいいと思う。思いたい。
However, it is different for the reader of the paper.
A mathematical model that assumes a certain hypothesis should have internal academic validity, but it is the responsibility of the reader, as a resident of the real world, to appraise it in the real world.
Aという疾患を対象にしたRCTの知見をBという疾患に使ってはならないように、数理モデルの制限を理解し、現実世界にアプライするときに十分注意するのは当然だ。
Just as the RCT findings for disease A should not be used for disease B, it is natural to understand the limitations of the mathematical model and to be careful when applying it to the real world. For example, it would be wrong to read the paper and conclude that the total number of infected people in Tokyo is about 500 as of March 26.
感想；「読み手は別である」を「読み手にとっては別である」に変更し、「制限や限界」は「limitations and limitations」になったので片方削った。
11 People make mistakes. The models are also wrong. Being wrong is not a big deal. The problem is to notice your mistakes and make corrections. Already, a group at Imperial College London has admitted that its original estimate that the peak of the infection should be moderated was "wrong" and has revised its prediction that the ICU will soon fail if it does not fight the virus fairly aggressively.
地球温暖化や気候問題に対する彼女の主張に反論するつもりはまったくないし、彼女の行動にも文句はない。
学校を休んで活動をすることに目くじらを立てる人もいるかもしれないが、それは個人の意思だし、別に周りがどうこう言う問題ではない。
16歳という若さながら、国際舞台に立って行動を起こしていること自体は本当にすごいことだと思う。
ただ、そんな彼女に対してどうしても違和感がある。Wikipediaページによると、
トゥーンベリは、彼女が8歳の2011年に気候変動について初めて聞いたと言っているが、なぜ気候変動への対策がほとんど行われていないのか理解できなかった。 3年後、彼女は落ち込んで無気力になり、会話と食事をやめ、最終的にアスペルガー症候群 [12] 、強迫性障害 （OCD） および選択的無言症と診断された。 [13] その診断は「以前は私を制限していた」ことを認めながら、彼女はアスペルガーを病気とは見なさず、代わりに「スーパーパワー」と呼んでいる。
とある。アスペルガー症候群は近年、発達障害が一般にもよく知られるようになってきたことから、耳にしたことがある人も多いだろう。また、強迫性障害もアスペルガー症候群ほどではないが知名度はあるように思える。しかし選択的無言症はどうか。これは場面緘黙症とも言われる疾患であり、詳しくは[wikipedia:場面緘黙症]を見てほしいが、アスペルガーほど知られた疾患ではないと思う。上記にもあるように、彼女はアスペルガーに関しては「スーパーパワー」として肯定的にとらえているが、場面緘黙症については、
So when I was 11, I became ill. I fell into depression, I stopped talking, and I stopped eating. In two months, I lost about 10 kilos of weight. Later on, I was diagnosed with Asperger syndrome, OCD and selective mutism. That basically means I only speak when I think it's necessary - now is one of those moments.
とhttps://www.ted.com/talks/greta_thunberg_the_disarming_case_to_act_right_now_on_climate]において発言している。
これがどうも腑に落ちない。これは場面緘黙なのだろうか。急に話さなくなったり、必要だと思う時にしか話さないという彼女自身の説明には疑問が残る。
もちろん、当時の彼女を診断した医師がそう判断し、彼女はこのスピーチの中でそれを話しただけかもしれないし、時間の都合上分かりやすい表現としてこのような表現になっただけなのかもしれない。
しかし、意地悪な見方をすると、これは場面緘黙症という疾患を利用しているのではないかとも思う。場面緘黙症自体があまり馴染みのない疾患であることから、多くの人はその疾患について「話すことが困難なんだな」程度の認識だろうし、そのような人々がこの話を聞いたとき、彼女に対して「そのようなハンデを持ちながらも環境のために声を上げた16歳の少女」のイメージを強く抱くであろうことは容易に想像できる。場面緘黙だけでなく、アスペルガーや強迫性障害についてもそうだ。
これが可能なのはそれが見えない症状だからだ。身体的なハンディキャップがある人とは異なり、アスペルガーや場面緘黙症は一見しただけでは当人がそういった疾患を持っていることがわかりにくい。しかし逆もまた然りだ。自称しているだけだとしてもそれを見ぬくことは難しい。
グレタさんに関してはいろいろな意見が出ており、親に利用されているだとか、誰かがバックにいるとか、陰謀論じみたものまで出ている。実際のところどうなのかはわからない。
結果的に多くの人々に気候問題を考える機会を与えたことは良いことだと思うが、場面緘黙症についての発言だけは、どうしても違和感をぬぐえない。
