  |
はてなキーワード: Damageとは
どうでもいいけど、科学読み物レベルで生と死の定義は曖昧なのは常識になっている
たとえば、食肉処理場から、食用に解体された(お肉になってるので臨床的には当然死んでいる)の 豚🐖の頭部を使った実験
［Nature］Pig experiment challenges assumptions around brain damage in people
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01169-8
[日本語記事][Nature ダイジェスト]死んだブタの脳を体外で数時間生存させることに成功
⭐️日本語記事のタイトルの通り、食用に解体されお肉になった豚の脳が復活
＞ 研究チームは、BrainExに組み込んだブタの脳が6時間でどの程度回復できるかを調べた。
＞ その結果、保存液を注入しなかった対照群の脳の細胞は崩壊してしまったのに対し、
＞ BrainExに組み込んだ脳では個々の細胞や部位の構造が保存されていた。また、ニューロンや他の脳細胞が正常な代謝機能を再開したことや、
＞ 脳の免疫系も機能しているらしいことが分かった。さらに、BrainExに組み込んだ脳から採取した組織試料に通電したところ、
＞ ただし、高度な脳活動を意味する脳全体の協調的な電気的活動パターンは全く見られなかった。
＞ 研究チームによれば、そうした高度な機能を復活させるには、電気ショックを与えるか、もしくは、もっと長い時間にわたって脳を溶液中で保存し、
＞ 酸素供給がない状態で受けたあらゆる損傷から細胞を回復させることが必要だろうという。
＞
本人ですら線引きできないものを他人が嬉々と線引きするなど選民思想(優生思想)・命の選別以外のなんだというのか
この人マジでどうしようもないな。学術や職業倫理は二の次の完全にホリエモン・DaiGo側の人
茂木健一郎先生をリツイートするときはその自覚を持ってすること
そもそも先生の本を読んだことある？これで金取るのかよレベルでうっすいぞ？
@kenichiromogi
·
社会学者、作家の古市憲寿さんのここがいい！ と思うことをお話します。
https://twitter.com/kenichiromogi/status/1348436884817543168?s=20
⭐️古市憲寿氏
「謝ればいいってものじゃない」って怒るひとは、どうせ謝らなくても怒るひとなので、結果的に「謝らないで無視する」が最適解になってしまう。個人的には謝罪や許しよりも、忘れることが大事だと思っている。忘却がないと、断絶は広がるばかりだよ。社会も、愛情も、友情もね。
↓
DaiGo氏
謝ればいいってもんじゃないと思うなら裁判でもすればいいだけの話よな
https://twitter.com/Mentalist_DaiGo/status/1416060500920602624
↓
⭐️古市憲寿氏
【古市】財務省の友だちと、社会保障費について細かく検討したことがあるんだけど、別に高齢者の医療費を全部削る必要はないらしい。お金がかかっているのは終末期医療、特に最後の一カ月。だから、高齢者に「十年早く死んでくれ」と言うわけじゃなくて、「最後の一カ月間の延命治療はやめませんか？」と提案すればいい。胃ろうを作ったり、ベッドでただ眠ったり、その一カ月は必要ないんじゃないですか、と。
▼安楽死を選んだ人が｢立派｣と褒められる社会で生きたいか
どうでもいいけど、科学読み物レベルで生と死の定義は曖昧なのは常識になっていると思います
たとえば、食肉処理場から、食用に解体された(お肉になってるので臨床的には当然死んでいる)の 豚🐖の頭部を使った実験
［Nature］Pig experiment challenges assumptions around brain damage in people
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01169-8
[日本語記事][Nature ダイジェスト]死んだブタの脳を体外で数時間生存させることに成功
⭐️日本語記事のタイトルの通り、食用に解体されお肉になった豚の脳が復活
＞ 研究チームは、BrainExに組み込んだブタの脳が6時間でどの程度回復できるかを調べた。
＞ その結果、保存液を注入しなかった対照群の脳の細胞は崩壊してしまったのに対し、
＞ BrainExに組み込んだ脳では個々の細胞や部位の構造が保存されていた。また、ニューロンや他の脳細胞が正常な代謝機能を再開したことや、
＞ 脳の免疫系も機能しているらしいことが分かった。さらに、BrainExに組み込んだ脳から採取した組織試料に通電したところ、
＞ ただし、高度な脳活動を意味する脳全体の協調的な電気的活動パターンは全く見られなかった。
＞ 研究チームによれば、そうした高度な機能を復活させるには、電気ショックを与えるか、もしくは、もっと長い時間にわたって脳を溶液中で保存し、
＞ 酸素供給がない状態で受けたあらゆる損傷から細胞を回復させることが必要だろうという。
＞
本人ですら線引きできないものを他人が嬉々と線引きするなど選民思想(優生思想)・命の選別以外のなんだというのか？
こういう人らと嬉々として付き合っている茂木先生の脳科学に対する姿勢や職業倫理はひかめえめに言ってもかなり疑わしいものだと思います
https://www.tfm.co.jp/dreamheart/index.php?catid=1745&itemid=149134
日本生物物理学会も “材料的には生命と非生命の物質の間に本質的な違いはありません．それでは，「生命」と「物質」の違いはどこにあるのでしょうか？“ とか言ってる。
そしてその生命現象を人類はいまだに理解が出来ておらず、生も死も非常にモヤっとしたものだ。
"未だ生を知らず、焉くんぞ死を知らん" (まだ生についてよくわかっていないのに、どうして死のことがわかろうか)みたいな？
たとえば、食肉処理場から、食用に解体された(お肉になってるので臨床的には当然死んでいる)の 豚🐖の頭部を使った実験。
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01169-8
どうしよう、日本語記事のタイトルの通り、食用に解体されお肉になった豚🐖の脳🧠が復活しちゃったよ？
＞ 研究チームは、BrainExに組み込んだブタの脳が6時間でどの程度回復できるかを調べた。
＞ その結果、保存液を注入しなかった対照群の脳の細胞は崩壊してしまったのに対し、
＞ BrainExに組み込んだ脳では個々の細胞や部位の構造が保存されていた。また、ニューロンや他の脳細胞が正常な代謝機能を再開したことや、
＞ 脳の免疫系も機能しているらしいことが分かった。さらに、BrainExに組み込んだ脳から採取した組織試料に通電したところ、
＞ ただし、高度な脳活動を意味する脳全体の協調的な電気的活動パターンは全く見られなかった。
＞ 研究チームによれば、そうした高度な機能を復活させるには、電気ショックを与えるか、もしくは、もっと長い時間にわたって脳を溶液中で保存し、
＞ 酸素供給がない状態で受けたあらゆる損傷から細胞を回復させることが必要だろうという。
＞
＞ すでに、BrainExを使ってブタの脳を最大36時間生存させている。
明確に活動を再開してるのだけどこれは "生きる" のかな？"死んでいる"のかな？
エヴァ や 理解ある彼くん や 関係性萌え に乗じて 人生観 や 人間 について語りたい増田がいるようなので新しく増田を作りました。
タイトルの『人間とはなにか？それ以前に "自分" とは何か？』に入る前に、大前提としておさえて欲しいことがあるよ。
↑ 上記はおさえられている前提で話を進めるよ でないとタイトルに入れないので
スコープの大き過ぎる問いなので、ここでは、サピエンス：理解する、知っている、知恵のある とは？ に限定するよ
増田の考える、"理解する" とはなんだろうか？人間以外の生物やコンピュータは理解することはないのだろうか？
増田の考える、"自分" とは何か？ 自分は身体のどこにあるのか？指し示して欲しい。
ちなみにこれは既に答えが出ているので先に答え書いちゃうね。頭を指し示してもそこに "自分" は無い。
身体や環境的文脈から完全に独立した脳機能は皆無だ。もっと言えば自由意志が存在しない。
過去の "自分" と今の "自分" は組織からして物理的に違う。
人間の記憶は同じだから連続した存在(同じ存在)とするのもだいぶ無理がある。
記憶は五感を伴うものであり、身体の組織が違っていれば、思い出しても当然感じ方は違うし、
(似たような環境で育てたとしても完全に同じ個体にならない理由がまさにこれ)
そもそも記憶のインディックスを失い、正しく記憶を読み取れなくなるかもしれない
(いわゆる"忘れる")
早い話が人間は、身体も記憶も連続していない。少なくとも、連続性を保証するものは何も無い。
日本生物物理学会も “材料的には生命と非生命の物質の間に本質的な違いはありません．それでは，「生命」と「物質」の違いはどこにあるのでしょうか？“ とか言ってる。
そしてその生命現象を人類はいまだに理解が出来ておらず、生も死も非常にモヤっとしたものだ。
"未だ生を知らず、焉くんぞ死を知らん" (まだ生についてよくわかっていないのに、どうして死のことがわかろうか)みたいな？
たとえば、食肉処理場から、食用に解体された(お肉になってるので臨床的には当然死んでいる)の 豚🐖の頭部を使った実験。
［Nature］Pig experiment challenges assumptions around brain damage in people
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01169-8
[日本語記事][Nature ダイジェスト]死んだブタの脳を体外で数時間生存させることに成功
どうしよう、日本語記事のタイトルの通り、食用に解体されお肉になった豚🐖の脳🧠が復活しちゃったよ？
＞ 研究チームは、BrainExに組み込んだブタの脳が6時間でどの程度回復できるかを調べた。
＞ その結果、保存液を注入しなかった対照群の脳の細胞は崩壊してしまったのに対し、
＞ BrainExに組み込んだ脳では個々の細胞や部位の構造が保存されていた。また、ニューロンや他の脳細胞が正常な代謝機能を再開したことや、
＞ 脳の免疫系も機能しているらしいことが分かった。さらに、BrainExに組み込んだ脳から採取した組織試料に通電したところ、
＞ ただし、高度な脳活動を意味する脳全体の協調的な電気的活動パターンは全く見られなかった。
＞ 研究チームによれば、そうした高度な機能を復活させるには、電気ショックを与えるか、もしくは、もっと長い時間にわたって脳を溶液中で保存し、
＞ 酸素供給がない状態で受けたあらゆる損傷から細胞を回復させることが必要だろうという。
＞
＞ すでに、BrainExを使ってブタの脳を最大36時間生存させている。
さて明確に活動を再開してるのだけどこれは "生きる" のかな？"死んでいる"のかな？
「我思う、故に我在り（Cogito, ergo sum）」
「私は在る、私は存在する、これは確実で ある。しかしどれだけの間か。もちろん、私が思惟する間である。
なぜなら、もし私 が思惟することを完全にやめてしまえば、おそらくその瞬間に私は、存在することを まったくやめてしまうことになるであろうから」
とか言った人もいたが、実際的には "自分" という存在は気のせいだ。
だが、増田は 『自分なんて気のせいだから自分があるように振る舞うのはやめろ！！』 と他人に言われて従う？従わないでしょ？
ーーーー・・・以上で前振り終わりで、本題に入る。
1−4を踏まえて、増田にとっての "人生" とは？ (人生観を語るのが好きな人が好きなワード "成長" や "大人" や "希望" や "救い" とかでもいい)
社会的なごっこ遊び (Social Pretend Play) じゃないヤツで頼むね。
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## Accepting the Terms and Privacy Policy
These Terms of Service ("Terms") are a legal agreement between we and you ("you"). By installing or using any application ("Service") you agree to be bound by these Terms. By accessing or using the Service, you agree that you have read, understood, and accept to be bound by the Terms. We reserve the right, in its sole discretion, to modify or revise these Terms at any time, and you agree to be bound by such modifications or revisions. If you do not agree to the Terms, do not use the Service.
Users are responsible for periodically viewing the Terms. Your continued use of the Service after a change or update has been made will constitute your acceptance to the revised Terms. If you do not agree to the Terms your only remedy is to discontinue your use of the Service and cancel any accounts you have made using the Service.
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## Intellectual Property/Ownership
All materials that are part of the Service (including, but not limited to, designs, text, graphics, pictures, video, information, applications, software, music, sound and other files, and their selection and arrangement) are protected by law from unauthorized use.
We grant you a personal, non-exclusive, non-transferable, revocable, limited scope license to use the Service solely for the purpose of viewing and using the applicable Services and for no other purpose whatsoever. Your license to use the Services is limited by these Terms.
You agree that you are willingly publishing the content on the Service using technology and tools provided by us. You understand and agree that you may not distribute, sell, transfer or license this content and/or application in any manner, in any country, or on any social network or another medium without the explicit written permission of us. We reserve the right to remove and permanently delete any User Content from the Service with or without notice.
You agree that all your communications with the Communication Channels are public, and thus you have no expectation of privacy regarding your use of the Communication Channels. We is not responsible for information that you choose to share on the Communication Channels, or for the actions of other users.
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その１https://anond.hatelabo.jp/20200327214055
12 Dr. Hiroshi Nishiura is one of the few professionals of mathematical models of infectious diseases in Japan, and it is well known that his ability is outstanding. However, many people don't understand mathematical models themselves (I must confess that I can't say that I understand all of the findings because I'm not a professional of mathematical models either), so his findings and comments are easily deified. Because the contents of the mathematical model are a complete black box to many people, it makes it seem like the oracle is coming out like a shrine's oracle. Much of Japan's infection control policy relies on the Nishiura theory. So there is nothing wrong with that, but one of the problems in Japan is that there is no plan B in case plan A goes bust. Dr. Nishiura is an excellent scholar. It is not God. Hence the need to have that Plan B with the possibility of making a mistake. I am greatly concerned that bureaucrats and politicians who are prone to infallibilism will mistake science for an oracle. It is only when falsifiability is assured that science can continue to be scientific.
感想：おみくじと神託が同じoracleだったので変な文章になったが直していない。
13 数理モデルは演繹法の活用産物である。演繹法は帰納法やアブダクションで補完するのが、学問の基本であり、臨床医学の常識である。演繹法的にどんなに正しく見えても実はそれは違っていた、ということはこの業界ではよくあることなのだ。ヘーゲルやマルクスのような巨大な知性でも演繹法オンリーでは間違うのである。
Mathematical models are the product of deductive methods. The deductive method is complemented by the inductive or abduction method, which is the basis of scholarship and the common sense of clinical medicine. It's a common occurrence in this industry that no matter how deducibly correct it may seem, it's actually not true. Even a huge intellect like Hegel or Marx can make a mistake by deduction alone.
感想：「蓋を開けてみれば」を「実はそれは」に変更した。
14 モデルを使うな、といっているのでは決してない。ぼく自身、モデルを用いて論文を書く。しかし、モデルは無謬ではなく、そこには前提である仮定があり、仮定はしばしば間違っている。グラム染色を活用するとは、グラム染色にできないこと、分からないことを知悉していることであり、グラム染色万能論者にグラム染色は使えない。同じことだ。英国でも数理モデルは活用されているが、だからこそ英国人はその結語には非常に懐疑的で、常に反論、異論が起きている。健全で科学的な態度である。
I'm not saying don't use the model at all. I myself write a paper using a model. However, the model is not infallible, there are assumptions that are assumptions, and the assumptions are often wrong. Making use of Gram's stain means having full knowledge of what Gram's stain cannot do and does not understand, and Gram's stain cannot be used by Gram's stain universalists. It's the same thing. Mathematical models are also utilized in the UK, which is why Brits are very sceptical of their conclusions, and there are always counter-arguments and objections. It is a sound and scientific attitude.
感想：「前提たる仮定」がうまく訳せていなかったので「前提である仮定」にしたが、assumptions that are assumptionsになってしまった。
「英国人は」がないと主語がIになってしまったので追加した。しかしBritsじゃ意味違うよ。もっと正しく訳してくれない？
15 Japan's "now" is a well-controlled state of infection, which is much better than Wuhan at its worst, or Italy, Spain, France, England, or New York at the present time. The problem is that it doesn't guarantee that it will "always work".
16 懸念されるのは東京だ。感染報告が増えたことだけが問題なのではない。クラスターを形成できない、トレースできない感染者が増えているのが問題である。そして、その陽性患者数に比べて検査数がずっと少ない。47人の感染者を捕捉するために100人未満（陽性者の検査日が不明だが、おそらくこのへんだろう）しか検査していないのは少なすぎる。
It is Tokyo that is of concern. The increase in reports of infection is not the only problem. The problem is that more and more infected people are unable to form clusters and cannot be traced. And the number of tests is much lower than that number of positive cases; it's too little that they only tested less than 100 people (the date of testing for the positives is unknown, but it's probably around here) to capture 47 infected people.
Again, it's not necessary to figure out all the infected people. However, it is troubling that the flow of infection, movement and clusters are out of sight. Therefore, the threshold for testing must be lowered in Tokyo. The threshold for testing varies with the circumstances. That's what I explained with the Korean example. Sticking to the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare's "standards" will lead to a misunderstanding of the phenomenon itself. Already in the Kansai region, infected people have been found with taste and smell abnormalities, and clusters have been detected from there. I would like to make more use of the athletic sensibilities of these clinicians. I'm not sure "where" in Tokyo is the barrier to lowering the number of inspections, but that barrier needs to be removed immediately.
感想：「捕捉するのに」を「捕捉するために」に変更した。多分これでいいと思う。思いたい。
アスチュートがathleticになっているのはどう反応したらいいかわからない。
17 This conceptual diagram that everyone is looking at - lowering the peak of the infection and shifting it to the side. This is all a product of deduction, and I don't know if it's really true. As mentioned above, the UK estimates already suggest that this is not enough. It is possible that the damage that was shifted to the side could simply be "extra-long damage".
18 そして、ここが肝心なのだが、ピークを下げるという理念が、「ピークを下げなければいけない」という観念になり、「ピークは下がっているはずだ」という確信になり、「ピークは起きていないんだ」という自己暗示に転じてはいけないということだ。プランAに固執する日本あるあるの失敗のパターンで、ダイヤモンド・プリンセスでは「二次感染が起きてはいけない」が「起きているはずがない」に転じてノーガード下船を許してしまった。「ピークが起きてはいけない」が「ピークなんて見たくない」にならないように現実を見据える必要がある。たとえ、それが我々の見たくない不都合な真実であったとしても。
And this is the key point: the idea of lowering the peak should not become the notion that the peak must be lowered, or the belief that the peak must be lowered, or the self-implication that the peak is not happening. In a pattern of Japanese failure to stick to Plan A, Diamond Princess allowed no-guard disembarkation by changing "secondary infection should not occur" to "it can't have happened". We need to keep our eyes on reality so that "peak shouldn't happen" doesn't become "I don't want to see a peak. Even if it is an inconvenient truth that we don't want to see.
感想：mustが違う文脈で二回出てきている。よくわかるように変更したいものだ。
カギカッコがないとうまく訳せなかったので追加しているが、なぜかカッコ閉じるがいくつか抜けている。この箇所以外にも抜けがある。
19 Repeatedly. It's common knowledge in this industry that deductive methods are complemented by inductive methods. Nevertheless, PCR is often false-negative and has little power to determine the status of infection. That's why "testing everything" is so wrong. However, a serum test measuring immunoglobulin IgM and IgG would provide a more accurate picture of the "status of infection in the population. This, however, is not infallible. It is difficult to use for individual cases because it misses early infection, which is why it misses early HIV infection.Whether antibody testing is useful in individual cases remains to be tested, but it is well suited for epidemiological studies on a population basis. Roughly speaking, we can confirm whether the "infection is rampant" in Tokyo right now, or whether it's just an unfounded fear.
前例としては、ロンドンの血清検査で09年パンデミックインフルエンザが従来予測の10倍起きていたことが血清検査でわかっている。抗体検査はアウトブレイクのあとで事後的に行うことが多いが、慢性的パンデミックになりつつあるCOVID-19については、「今」こそが検証のポイントといって良い。
As a precedent, serology tests in London showed that the 2009 pandemic flu was 10 times more likely than previously predicted. Antibody testing is often performed after an outbreak, but now is a good time to examine COVID-19, which is becoming a chronic pandemic.
感想：「前例はあって」を「前例としては」に変えた。「前例はある。なおかつロンドンで〜１０倍起きていた」になってしまったからだ。
20 英国はさらにアグレッシブだ。家庭で抗体検査を行い、「感染者である」とわかればそれを自宅での自己隔離の根拠に使おうというのだ。ロックダウンが起きている中で、検査陰性は「自己隔離不要」を意味しないため、その戦略に欠陥はある。が、考え方としては「感染全体を抑え込みたい」というもので、検討の価値はあると思う。
The UK is even more aggressive. The idea is to test for antibodies at home, and if they are found to be infected, they will use it as a basis for self-isolation at home. That strategy is flawed because with the lockdown in place, a negative test does not mean "no self-sequestration". However, the idea is that we want to control the infection as a whole, and I think it is worth considering.
21 東京でどのくらいの感染が起きているか、帰納法的確認は必要であり、有用だ。その結果がどうなるかは預言者ではないぼくには分からない。が、どんな結果が出てきても、それを受け入れ、場合によっては自説を変えて、プランBに移行することにも躊躇しない態度が科学者には必要だ。科学者は、首尾一貫していないことにかけて、首尾一貫していなければならないのだ。形式においては首尾一貫していなくても、プリンシプルやプロフェッショナリズムにおいて一貫しなければならないのだ。事実に誠意を。
Inductive legal confirmation of how many infections are occurring in Tokyo is necessary and useful. I'm not a prophet, so I don't know what the outcome will be.However, no matter what the outcome, scientists need to accept it and not hesitate to change their thesis and move on to Plan B in some cases. Scientists have to be coherent in their inconsistencies.They may not be coherent in form, but they must be coherent in principles and professionalism. Good faith in the facts.
感想：首尾一貫という言葉を使いすぎて文章をアホっぽくしてしまったが他にいい方法が思いつかない。朝三暮四は理解してくれなかった。「自説を曲げ」は「自説を変えて」に変更した。
文章はもう少し整形できると思うがとりあえずこれで。
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エビデンスいっぱいあるで
Hirai T et al. Adverse effects of human papilloma virus vaccination on central nervous system: Neuro-endocrinological disorders of hypothalamo-pituitary axis. The Autonomic Nervous System 53: 49 -64, 2016
Matsudaira T, et al. Cognitive dysfunction and regional cerebral blood flow changes in Japanese females after human papillomavirus vaccination. Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience. 4: 220–227, 2016
Takahashi Y, et al. Immunological studies of cerebrospinal fluid from patients with CNS symptoms after human papillomavirus vaccination. Journal of Neuroimmunology. 298: 71-78, 2016
Aratani S, et al. Murine hypothalamic destruction with vascular cell apoptosis subsequent to combined administration of human papilloma virus vaccine and pertussis toxin. Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 36943 (2016)
Beppu H et al. Lessons learnt in Japan from adverse reactions to the HPV vaccine: a medical ethics perspective. Indian J Med Ethics. 2: 82-88, 2017.
Ozawa, K., Hineno, A., Kinoshita, T. et al. Suspected adverse effects after human papillomavirus vaccination: A temporal relationship between vaccine administration and the appearance of symptoms in Japan. Drug Saf 40: 1219, 2017.
Maki Y et al. Differential Diagnosis of Immune-Mediated Encephalopathies: “Neurological Symptoms of Diffuse Brain Damage”: A New Concept. Brain Nerve 69: 1131-1141
Kuroiwa Y et al. Pathophysiological hypothesis for neurological disorders occurring after human papillomavirus vaccination. Neurol Med (Tokyo) 85: 567-5821, 2016
Kinoshita T, et al. Peripheral sympathetic nerve dysfunction in adolescent Japanese girls following immunization with the human papillomavirus vaccine. Intern Med. 2014; 53:2185-2200.
Martínez-Lavín M. Hypothesis. Human papillomavirus vaccination syndrome — small fiber neuropathy and dysautonomia could be its underlying pathogenesis. Clin Rheumatol. 2015; 34:1165-1169.
Inbar R et al: Behavioral abnormalities in female mice following administration of aluminum adjuvants and the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine Gardasil. Immunol Res (2016). doi:10.1007/s12026-016-8826-6
Geier DA, Geier MR. Quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine and autoimmune adverse events: a case-control assessment of the vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS) database. Immunol Res. 2016. doi:10.1007/s12026-016-8815-9.
Geier DA, Geier MR. Quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine and autoimmune adverse events: a case-control assessment of the vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS) database. Immunol Res. 2016. doi:10.1007/s12026-016-8815-9.
Should be thankful that there was no damage.
これは直訳すると、
となる。
しかし、正確には
と翻訳する方がよいのだろうか？
文中には神という対象が明示されてないから、翻訳にわざわざそのニュアンスを入れるのは違和感がある。
ここで感謝を向けるべき対象は、せいぜい「被害がなかったという幸運」とか「被害がなかったという結果」ではないか。
オスプレイ事故でデマ、「朝日新聞が意図的な誤訳」にソースなし 米軍司令官「感謝されるべき」発言
https://www.buzzfeed.com/kotahatachi/osprey-crash-in-okinawa-debunking
追記
今回のオスプレイ事故で、米軍の司令官の発言とされた"should be thankful that there was no damage"にはソースがなかった。Calci氏は一応謝罪ツイートを出していたが、デマを飛ばした動機・経緯を全く説明していないから、いろいろと謎が残る。
今回彼がおかした問題行動は、ソースがない英文を事実だと偽って流布したというだけではない。この英文を翻訳するときに「神に感謝」というニュアンスが正しいと主張したのである。しかもそのことについて、"ネイティブの翻訳チーム"に確認を取ったとも主張していた。
そうというわけなので、ここではただ純粋に、"should be thankful that there was no damage"という英語を読解していきたい。ネイティブがこの言い回しをつかった場合、神に感謝というニュアンスは自明なのかどうか。
追記2
キリスト教的な価値観に従えば、すべての幸運・結果は神のおかげということになるかもしれない。
そういう意味では、アメリカ人が「被害がなかったという幸運」とか「被害がなかったという結果」に感謝するというのは、結局は神への感謝ということにつながっているのだろう。
とはいえ、もし「神への感謝」というニュアンスが明確なのだとすれば、これはすごく宗教的で信仰のための言葉だということになる。
アメリカの無神論者や異教徒たちは、この言葉をわざわざ避けたりしているのか。ポリコレ的な問題にもなったりしているんだろうか。
1.役割が少なすぎる
多くのDamageは同時にFlank的な側面を持っているしまたAOEにより範囲攻撃を可能としている。しかしKinessaはほぼ直線的な攻撃しかできない為その役割は固定砲台＋αで終わってしまい応用力に欠ける。応用力に欠けるとはすなわち活躍できない局面が多く存在するということであり結果として4vs5とも言える状態を定期的に引き起こす。
2.守りが弱い
スナイパーという性質上戦場に射線が通っておりかつ距離が離れている位置に潜むことが多くなる。その場合位置はある程度相手のFlankに把握されてしまうため簡単に回り込まれKillを取られてしまう。また接近戦においてKinessaの戦闘力は著しく低いため相手はKinessaの撃破後ほぼ無傷のまま自陣の裏側への侵入を完了する。これがVictorやCassieなどであれば同じ状況でも相手の体力を大幅に減らし撤退か低体力での特攻の二択を迫ることが出来る。
3.足並みを合わせられない
狙撃に適した位置を移動していくためペイロードの位置によっては遠すぎて死角の多い場所に立つ事になったり逆に前に出すぎて相手からの攻撃に晒されすぎることも多い。そのようなときに味方のTankはKinessaを守りきる事や援護を期待することが難しくなる。
とにかくKinessaは弱い。選ばれた段階で試合の負けが決まるとすら言える。その事を分かっているのか多くのまともなプレイヤーはKinessaを選ばない。そして一部のお間抜けなプレイヤーはチームに既にDamageが2人いる状態でも平気でKinessaを選ぶ。このゲームにおいてDamageは1人で十分だ。とはいえDragozなどのFlank的側面が非常に強いDamageがいる場合はもう1人をチームに加えることが可能になる。しかし3人はありえない。なぜならチームにはTank2人とSupport1人が必要だから。少なくともDamgeが2人いるなら残りはTank1人Support1人本職のFlank1人となるべきだろう。そこでKinessaを選ぶプレイヤーがいる。いるのだ。そうなると試合は本当に地獄を見る。あっという間に敗北して終わってしまうのがせめてもの救いだろうか。本当にKinessaは弱い。Kinessaを使うプレイヤーの頭も弱い。
http://www.tentonhammer.com/guides/dota-2/10-tips-last-hitting-dota-2
Know Your Creeps -
Melee creeps have more health than caster creeps
Melee系のクリープは、Ranged系より体力が多い
so you may have to wait a little longer before going for the last hit.
そのため、ラストヒットを取るタイミングは、若干遅らせなければならない場合がある
Another thing to pay attention to,
もう一つ気をつけるべきことは、
is how much damage the creeps do to one another.
（フィールド上の敵、味方クリープが）お互いに与えるダメージ量である
Once you've got a feel for that,
これを意識できるようになると、
you should be able to tell how many hits from a melee/ ranged creep
melee系またはranged系クリープから何発の攻撃を受けるか予測できるはずである
it will take to get an enemy creep into the "sweet spot".
※各種クリープの体力値
http://dota2.gamepedia.com/Creeps
Melee creep 550 (+10)
Ranged creep 300 (+10)
Siege creep 550
Melee系はRanged系の2倍近い体力がある。
また、Melee系とSiege creepの体力はほぼ同じである。
Siege creepは、Armorが0であることにも注目。
