  |
はてなキーワード: tes.とは
（承前）
http://anond.hatelabo.jp/20150214223556
――スティーヴ・レイシーは独立独歩のソプラノ・サックス奏者です。サックスといえばアルトかテナーだった50年代からソプラノを吹いていました。
Evidence (1961) http://youtu.be/X9SBzQw2IJY?t=5m42s
( ・3・) 面白いテーマの曲だな。真面目な顔で冗談を言っているような。
――セロニアス・モンクが書いた曲です。レイシーはモンクの曲をたくさん演奏しています。一方、ハリウッドやブロードウェイの曲はとりあげない。レパートリーに関しては人文系の古本屋の主人みたいなところがあります。
( ・3・) みすず書房とか白水社とか、そういう本ばかり並んでいるわけだ。
――白水社といえば、レイシーはサミュエル・ベケットと面識があって、ベケットのテクストに基づいた作品も発表しています。
( ・3・) 「真夜中だ。雨が窓に打ちつけている」
――「真夜中ではなかった。雨は降っていなかった」――と、ベケットごっこはともかく、演奏はどうでしょう？
( ・3・) まっすぐな音だな。あまりヴィブラートをかけない。アタックの瞬間から音程の中心を目指している。必ずしも正確な音程というわけではないけれど。ソロのとり方としては、テーマとの関連性を保って、構成を考えながら吹いているように聴こえる。言うべきことだけを言って余計なことはしゃべらない。
――そういう点では、プレイヤーの資質としてはマイルス・デイヴィスに近いのかもしれません。マイルスとも少しだけ共演したことがあるのですが、もし正式にバンドに加わっていたら歴史が変わったかも。 [6]
Reincarnation of a Lovebird (1987) http://youtu.be/FbaKNB4cIlc
――こちらは後年の録音。ギル・エヴァンスという編曲の仕事で有名な人がエレピを弾いています。この人も指だけ達者に動くのとは対極にいるタイプで、柔らかい音色で中和されていますが、ずいぶん込み入った和声です。
( ・3・) そこらじゅうで半音がぶつかってるな。
――でも美しい。
――昔、レコードを扱う仕事をしていたので確信をもって言えるのですが、日本でいちばん人気のあるジャズ・ミュージシャンはビル・エヴァンスです。マイルス・デイヴィスよりもリスナーの裾野は広いかもしれません。
( ・3・) 俺でも『ワルツ・フォー・デビー』を持ってるくらいだからな。でもどうして「とりあえずエヴァンスを聴け」みたいな風潮になってるんだ？
――まず、彼がピアニストだということ。もしベース奏者だったらここまでの人気は得られません。それから、ロマン派や印象派に慣れた耳で聴いても違和感がないこと。ジャズに関心がなくてもエヴァンスは聴く、というケースは大いにありうるでしょう。最後に、みもふたもない言い方ですが、彼が白人で、細身で、眼鏡をかけていたこと。
( ・3・) 知的で繊細に見えるのな。
――知的で繊細なジャンキーでした。もっとも、最後の要素はなかったことにされがちなのですが……。
――はい。エヴァンスやチェット・ベイカーに深く共感してしまう人は、モルヒネの代用として聴いているのではないかと思います。「マイ・ファニー・ヴァレンタイン」という有名な曲をとりあげたいのですが、エヴァンスの前に、まず歌の入ったものから。フランク・シナトラのヴァージョンです。
My Funny Valentine (Sinatra, 1953) http://youtu.be/z9lXbgD01e4
( ・3・) 金の力に満ちた声だな。His voice is full of money.
――マフィアを怒らせるようなことを言わないでください。折り目の正しい編曲で、ポップスとしては非の打ちどころがありません。ボブ・ディランの新譜はシナトラのカヴァー集らしいのですが、ディランが子供のころにラジオで流れていたのはこういう音楽です。当時のアメリカ人にとっては、ほとんど無意識に刷り込まれた声と言っていいでしょう。
My Funny Valentine (Baker, 1954) http://youtu.be/jvXywhJpOKs
( ・3・) 出た、いけすかないイケメン。
――チェット・ベイカー。午前三時の音楽です。もう夜が明けることはないんじゃないかという気がしてくる。どんな曲か覚えたところで、エヴァンスを聴いてみましょう。
My Funny Valentine (Evans and Hall, 1962) http://youtu.be/ReOms_FY7EU
( ・3・) 速い。
――速い。そしてちょっと信じられないクオリティの演奏です。ジャズではいつでも誰でもこれくらいできて当然かというと、そんなことはないので安心してください。
――別のテイクではちがうことをしているので、ほとんど即興だと思います。決まっているのはコード進行だけ。
( ・3・) コードの構成音をぱらぱら弾いてもこうはならんわな。自分の頭の中にあるモチーフを発展させるのと、相手の音を聴いて反応するのと――そういう意味ではチェスに似ている。
――この演奏は一対一ですからね。集中力は同じくらい必要かもしれません。しかも持ち時間はゼロという。互いに相手の出方を読んでいるうちに一種のテレパシーが起こって、3分50秒あたりにはふたりの脳がつながっているような瞬間があります。
( ・3・) このギターを弾いてるのは？
――ああ、忘れていました。ジム・ホール。偉大なギタリストです。悪魔に魂を売って人並み外れた演奏技術を手に入れるというブルースの伝説がありますが、ジム・ホールの場合は魂ではなく頭髪を犠牲にしました。
( ・3・) また好き勝手な話をつくって……。
――いえ、本人がそう語っています。ジミー・ジューフリーのバンドにいたころ、どう演奏すればいいのか悩んで髪が薄くなったと。 [7] でも、髪なんていくらでもくれてやればいいんですよ。肉体は滅びますが芸術は永遠です。
( ・3・) ジミー・ジューフリーって、あのドラムのいない現代音楽みたいなジャズをやってた人か。そりゃ大変だったろうな。
持参したCDを一通りかけて、そろそろ日が傾いてきた。彼はライナーノーツをめくりながら「はーん」「ふーん」などとつぶやいていたが、夕食の邪魔にならないうちにおいとましたほうがよさそうだ。
「もう帰るのか？」
「そうか。わざわざ悪かったな。よし、ちーちゃん、お客様にご挨拶だ」
彼はそう言って猫を抱き上げたが、ちーちゃんは腕をまっすぐにつっぱって、できるだけ彼から離れたがっているようだった。
「きょう持ってきてくれたCDは、うちに置いていっていいからな」
「置いていっていい？」
「だってほら、いちど聴いただけじゃよく分からんだろ。そのかわりと言ってはなんだが、シュニトケの弦楽四重奏曲集を貸してやろう。何番が優れていると思うか感想を聞かせてくれ」
まだCDは返ってこない。「返してほしけりゃ取りに来い」と彼は笑うが、その目はハシビロコウのように鋭い。ただ来いというだけではなくて、また別のCDを持って来させる魂胆なのだ。わたしはどうすればいいのだろう？ ただひとつの慰めは、彼の娘さん――父親との血のつながりが疑われるかわいらしさの娘さん――の耳に、エリック・ドルフィーやオーネット・コールマンが届いているかもしれないということだ。サックスを始めた彼女の頭にたくさんのはてなが浮かばんことを。
http://www.nicovideo.jp/mylist/34787975
[2] http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/18/books/excerpt-thelonious-monk.html
[3] http://nprmusic.tumblr.com/post/80268731045/
[4] Frederick J. Spencer. Jazz and Death: Medical Profiles of Jazz Greats. University Press of Mississippi, 2002. p. 36. "A diet of honey is not recommended for anyone, and especially not for a diabetic, or prediabetic, patient."
[5] http://www.furious.com/perfect/ericdolphy2.html "'Eric Dolphy died from an overdose of honey,' arranger/band leader Gil Evans believed. 'Everybody thinks that he died from an overdose of dope but he was on a health kick. He got instant diabetes. He didn't know he had it.'"
[6] http://www.pointofdeparture.org/archives/PoD-17/PoD17WhatsNew.html
[7] http://downbeat.com/default.asp?sect=stories&subsect=story_detail&sid=1111
---
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottavio_Cinquanta
---
オッタヴィオチンクアンタ（ローマ、 1938年8月15日生まれ）は、国際スケート連盟の会長と国際オリンピック委員会のメンバーです。
彼は1996年から1994年ISU位置とIOC位置を開催しています。
2000年、彼は、IOC執行委員会は、彼が2008年まで開催されているという立場のメンバーに選出された。
前に、ISU会長になることに、彼はISU副社長だったショートトラックスピードスケートのための技術委員会の委員長の前に。
チンクアンタ氏は、陸上競技でのアイスホッケー選手として、アイススピードスケートとして実施ミラノ、イタリアで育った。チンクアンタは大学に出席し、彼は経営学を中心に活躍した。 ISU議長に彼の選挙の時に、 56歳の時、彼は国際的な化学会社の経営者としての立場から引退した。
チンクアンタが最初にISU議長に選出されたとき、彼は最初に、ABCスポーツとの重要なテレビの契約を含むいくつかの商業契約を交渉した後、ISUのイベントで賞金を導入した人プログレッシブとした。これは、ISUがそうで、トップスケーターに大規模な出演料を提供していた承認されていない作のためテレビのプロスケート競技会に参加するオリンピック適格スケートを残している可能性がアスリートを保持することができました。テレビのお金もISUを含む、両方のフィギュアスケートとスピードスケートの分岐で開発プログラムのさまざまなを維持することができ、例えば、フィギュアスケートのISUグランプリ。
しかし、彼のスピードスケート背景、チンクアンタは、特にカナダと米国では、フィギュアスケート界からの批判にかなりの量の対象となっている。 2002冬季オリンピックはスキャンダルフィギュアスケートの間に、彼は彼の曖昧と、彼は「図がうまくスケート知っている」しなかったことを彼の入学を批判された。 [ 1 ]スポーツについての知識の彼公言不足にもかかわらず、彼は提案した[ 2 ]主な特徴、これまで個々の裁判官が競争をマークしたのかを知ることから誰かを妨げる秘密であるフィギュアスケートのための新しいスコアリングシステム。ワシントンD.C. 、 2003年世界フィギュアスケート選手権で秘密審査の実施は、彼が紹介されたときはいつでも、 [ 3 ]チンクアンタと個人的に視聴者jeeredされ、そのイベントでファンの抗議をもたらすのに十分な論議をした。 [ 4 ] [ 5 ]
彼はそのイベントの開会式では、滑走のローカルスケート好きなカート·ブラウニングを防止するための専門性を呼び出した後にチンクアンタは、以前大声[ 6 ] [ 7 ]と再びで、エドモントン、アルバータ州にある1996年世界フィギュアスケート選手権でファンからブーイングされていたミネアポリス、ミネソタ州にある1998年大会は、 [ 8 ]
チンクアンタは連続してすべてのISU選挙学会でISU議長に再選されており、それは[誰によって？]と推定され、1994年に彼の最初の選挙以来、約30の技術革新は、図の投与2枝に関する国際スケート連盟に導入されていることをスケートとスピードスケート
---
Ottavio Cinquanta
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
2011 Rostelecom Cup - Ottavio Cinquanta.jpg
Ottavio Cinquanta (born 15 August 1938, in Rome), is President of the International Skating Union and a member of the International Olympic Committee.
He has held the ISU position since 1994 and the IOC position since 1996.
In 2000 he was elected member of the IOC Executive Committee, position that he has held until 2008.
Prior to becoming ISU President he was ISU Vice President and before the Chair of its Technical Committee for Short Track Speed Skating.
Cinquanta grew up in Milan, Italy, where he practiced as an ice hockey player, in athletics and as an ice speed skater. Cinquanta attended university and he was mainly active in business administration. At the time of his election to the ISU Presidency, at the age of 56, he retired from his position as a manager of an international chemical company.
When Cinquanta was first elected to the ISU Presidency, he was initially regarded as a progressive who introduced prize money at ISU Events after negotiating several commercial contracts, including an important television contract with ABC Sports. This allowed the ISU to retain athletes who might have otherwise left Olympic-eligible skating to participate in unsanctioned made-for-television professional skating competitions, which were then offering large appearance fees to top skaters. The television money also allowed the ISU to sustain a variety of development programs in both Figure Skating and Speed Skating branches, including, for example, the ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating.
However, because of his speed skating background, Cinquanta has been the subject of a considerable amount of criticism from the figure skating community, particularly in Canada and the United States. During the 2002 Olympic Winter Games figure skating scandal, he was criticized for his evasiveness and his admission that he didn't "know figure skating so well".[1] In spite of his professed lack of knowledge about the sport, he proposed a new scoring system for figure skating[2] whose major feature is secrecy which would prevent anyone from ever knowing how an individual judge had marked the competition. The implementation of secret judging at the 2003 World Figure Skating Championships in Washington, D.C., was controversial enough to result in a fan protest at that event,[3] with Cinquanta personally being jeered by the audience whenever he was introduced.[4][5]
Cinquanta had previously been loudly booed by fans at the 1996 World Figure Skating Championships in Edmonton, Alberta, after he invoked a technicality to prevent local skating favorite Kurt Browning from skating in the opening ceremony of that event[6][7] and again at the 1998 Championships in Minneapolis, Minnesota.[8]
Cinquanta has been consecutively reelected to the ISU Presidency at all the ISU elective Congresses and it is estimated[by whom?] that since his first election in 1994, approximately thirty innovations have been introduced in the International Skating Union regarding the two branches administered of Figure Skating and Speed Skating.
---
This means Timeline, the reverse-chronological display of a user's history on Facebook and other life events, which replaces and combines a user's Facebook Wall and Profile, will become non-optional. No specific date was given, and the language used ("roll out") suggests that the change won't occur on one single date for all users, but that batches of users will be transitioned on different dates.
[Window Title]
66.5% - System Scan (Spybot - Search & Destroy)
[Header]
System Scan
[Content]
Status: Scanning for Virtumonde.dll...
Estimated time left: 8 minutes...
Detected so far:
1 results of threat level 5 detected.
[^] Hide results [Minimize] [Pause/Resume] [Stop]
[Expanded Information]
Detected File for "Macromedia.FlashPlayer.Cookies" of level 5 at 2:12:13.
まったくの寝耳に水だったわ。
Translated from http://anond.hatelabo.jp/20110907020451
For a long time, I am in a dark box.
According to someone's comment I heard outside of the box, a tiny bottle containing deadly poison is located in this box. Although the bottle is completely sealed, a hammer is positioned in the vicinity of the bottle. And they said the hammer would fall down at a certain time.
When is "the certain time"? I don't know. In this very moment? Or distant future? Possibly, it already has come (I don't want to think about it). No one can affect the hammer. As an independent event, it will fall down with probability 50%. The probability is exactly 50%. Possibly, the bottle may be broken, or may not. About myself, dead, or, alive.
I must say, how terrible the situation is.
It is impossible for me to avoid having a furious indignation. My life, the most important issue for me, is completely away from me, and is solely dependent on the simple figure, FIFTY PERCENT! Too much terrible.
Additionally, and I think it is completely unreasonable, I am shackled in many ways to keep the probability at exactly 50%.
Visual perception. The box is completely shielded from any light. It's for avoiding me from finding and destroying the bottle and apparatus. Complete darkness. I am in the total darkness. Thus, now I can’t see even the outline of myself. Possibly it sounds strange, the darkness makes me have a doubt about the existence of my body itself.
Acoustic perception. Maybe, from the reason I mentioned above, a perfect sound insulation is used. I can’t hear even the voice of my own. I don't know the mechanism. In the first place, as I can’t see anything, how can I investigate it? So, this is only a speculation, possibly, my drum membranes were damaged before enclosure in this box, or, some special material is used for the wall of the box.
Anyway, in a dark box too much good at shielding light and sound, my visual and acoustic perception is dead just as the term indicates.
As if further confirmation are needed, a huge fatigue weighing heavily upon me is another shackle for me. It seems that they gave me some kind of muscle relaxant to avoid me from struggling. As I can’t change from the same posture, my tactile perception is almost paralyzed.
No light. No sound. Smell and taste are unreliable. Tactile perception is in malfunction. I am like a puppet. All the five senses are out of control of mine. Too much cruel. Perfect shackles. I wish if they had given a sleeping medicine. I feel I am in agony without any external injury. My life, my existence itself, is completely ignored. Such a humiliation keeps my sanity. Only such a humiliation can.
The right to control the life and death of myself is completely deprived. I hate such situation. The core determinant of the continuity of my life is completely dependent upon, solely upon, a pure probability. Completely away from anyone's will. I hate it, again, I hate it!
Why do I have to be enclosed in such a box? In such a ridiculous box, why do I have to be in fear of life and death with such perfect shackles?
I am lonely. Am I feeling empty and flat? Difficult to avoid sobbing? No. My loneliness is much deeper. I am in a sea of void. I am alone. Completely alone. As an orphan, I was thrown into this endless darkness. I am quivering in the absolute zero.
There is no perspective in this box. Only the darkness is here. I can’t feel the bottle and the hammer. I can’t feel the wall, the bottom, and the ceiling neither. They should be there. But all the five senses of mine are deprived. I feel like there is nothing. While those things have some meanings.
Speaking honestly, I am not so sure I am in a box. I am sure that what I am exists. I am thinking. I am fantasizing. It is the evidence showing the uniqueness of mine, which is called the ego or the consciousness or the mind, is solid. But, is the uniqueness is truly enclosed in the box? Is it possible that it is floating in another space? I can’t eliminate such doubts.
Possibly, what I am here is floating in the end of the universe, or is lying down at the bottom of the Mariana Trench. Or going down from a vent of the Kilauea volcano, maybe.
I don't have any method to know how the box (enclosing me) is. All the senses of mine are dead. It is impossible for me to determine whether here is inside of a box or not.
In addition to that, I am not so sure that I am truly alive. I don't have any way to confirm such a simple thing. Possibly, the 50% probability has already passed beyond me. Maybe I am already dead. I am still alive, maybe. Injected with muscle relaxant, shallow breathes, weak heartbeats. Or, cessation of all of them, simply leaving meat bolus.
I am deprived of any capability of controlling my own body. Who can say that my mind resides in the body continuing vital activities? The five senses have been poisoned with the total darkness. They can’t function as sensory organs. I don't have any chance to know the truth. Possibly, any supposition is fabricated by myself. The situation surrounding me and the uniqueness of myself are components of programmed role-play, possibly.
About the existence of mine, I can’t determine the behavior. I hate to admit it, but I am in the middle of fluctuation.
I wish someone could find me. I wish someone could open the box and observe how I am, and determine what I am. There is not enough power inside me to do so. All I can do is to continue to quiver in the loneliness.
If I were the Almighty, I could say "Let there be light". I know it is impossible. But I can‘t help feeling how nice it would be if I could say so.
My own free will! It could fix every fluctuation surrounding myself!
At the same time, longing produces shadow. If the box is opened, I will be found and observed. As a result, what I am will be determined. To tell the truth, I can’t look away from the fact I am anxious about being determined.
Although I am unable to determine whether I am alive or dead by myself, I am afraid of the death. I am afraid that I am determined as a dead. I can’t accept. Still I can’t feel, I can’t imagine the death as a specific phenomenon. Probably, that is why I am afraid of death.
No, it should not be restricted to me. King of virtue. Deadly murderer. Regular folks. All the same. Maybe, the elder people or patients of bad disease could have some imagination sufficiently close to the true death. But, even so, it is impossible to know the specific experience of death.
In the end, death is the final destination with overwhelming significance. The time and the consciousness have an absolute irreversibility. Death also has the absoluteness which can’t be changed. Even if it is a ritual pass point or an outstanding impressive event.
Myself, the mind of mine here is, will be vanished at the moment at which how I am is determined. If they deprive the lukewarm water, in which I can’t feel the temperature, it is impossible for me to avoid exposing myself to the air.
I am afraid of such an irreversible change. It is not limited to the determination of death. Also I am so anxious that I am determined being alive.
The current existence of myself is like a tiny, tiny illusion standing on an endless point. Not larger than that. Not smaller than that. Not longer than that. Not shorter than that. No expansion. No shrinkage. Standing upon a unique single point. It is mathematically correct. I am something like a ghost staying upon such a point, having confusion about identity of myself.
The point exists at every position on a plane of coordinates, at the same time, not existing at a certain position. If a certain event occurs, on that moment, it will converge me to a single point among all the space-times, in which the event has occurred, as if having me step off a bus. Without any concern. Even if the point and I have been a one. The illusion, which has stayed in such a point, has possibilities of being real and being vanished like a mist, to an equal degree.
Now, I am existing in every time-space, I have every nature. At the same time, I am suffering from the loneliness that I am away from every nature. I wish someone can find me. At the same time, I am so anxious that where I will be, and that how I will be at that moment.
I have been released from the law of cause and effect. I am undetermined ever, for ever.
娘のはてな癖が治りません。
来年中学校にあがる娘のことで悩んでいます。高学年になったのでもう自分独りで日記を書ける環境がほしいというので、子供部屋にはてなのアカウントをつけてやったのがいけなかったらしいです。私が偶然にも現場を押さえなければ家族の知らないままずっと使っていたかもしれません。
厳しく叱って部屋のはてなのアカウントは取り外しました。それでもまだ隠れて使っていたようで、先日、夫が夜中に増田をしているところを発見しました。
このままでは十代なのにはてな村に入村してしまうとかそういう「不良少女」になってしまいそうで不安でなりません。私たち夫婦はGoogle信者で、娘にはblogspotユーザーに育ってほしい。いずれは然るべきsites.googleに嫁いでもらいたいと思っています。
最近、はてなブックマーク・ツールバーなるものがあることを知りました。FireFoxのアドオンを切除するとブクマ防止になるそうです。アンインストールしてくれる知り合いを探しましたがどのgoogleユーザーにも断られました。Googleブックマークを使えばgoogleでも入れれるそうです。面倒な揉め事に懲りてはてな村をやめてくれればと思います。娘に言ったところ激しく泣いて拒否されました。もし増田をやめないなら次は本当にやると釘を刺しましたが、そんなことをされたら家出して訴えるといいます。いつの間にかこんな反抗的な娘になってしまったのかと愕然としました。これもはてサの悪影響なんでしょうか。いざとなったら夫も協力してくれるそうです。娘はもう二度とはてなツールバーをインストールはしないと泣いて約束しましたが、すでに一度、裏切られています。本当にアクセスをしていないか確かめる方法はないでしょうか。
誤字脱字は勘弁な。
I was at home the other night inth middle of my dinner when the phone rang.
ME:Hello.
ME:Thie is AT&T,
ME:Is this AT&T.?
AT&T:Yes! This is AT&T, may I speak to Mr.Byron, please?
ME:OK, hold on.
At this point I put the phone down for a solid 5 minutes thinking that, surely, this person would have hung up the phone. I ate my salad. Much to my surprise, when I picked up the receiver, they were still waiting,
ME:Hello?
ME:May I ask who is calling, please?
ME:This is AT&T?
ME:The phone company.
ME:I thought you said this was AT&T.
AT&T:Yes, sir, we are phone company.
ME:I already have a phone.
AT&T:We aren't selling phones today, Mr.Byron. We world like to offer you 10 cents a minute, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year.
ME:Now, that's 10 cents a minute, 24 hours a day?
AT&T:(getting a little excited at this point by my interest) Yes, sir, that's right! 24 hours a day!
ME:7 days a week?
ME:I am definitely interested in that! Wow!! That's amazing!
AT&T:We think so!
ME:That's quite a sum of money!
AT&TYes, sir, it's amazing how it adds up.
ME:OK, so will you send me checks weekly, monthly or just one big one at the end of the year for the full $52,560; and if you send an annual check, can I get a cash advance?
AT&T:Excuse me?
ME:You know, the 10 cents a minute.
AT&T:What are you talking about?
ME:You said you'd give me 10 cents a minute, 24 horus a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year. Thats comes to $144 per day, $1008 per week and $52,560 per year, I'm just interested in knowing how you will be making payment.
AT&T:Oh, no sir. I didn't mean we'd be peying you, You pay us 10 cents a minute.
ME:Wait a minutes. how do you figure that by saying that you'll give me 10 cents a minute, that I'll give YOU 10 cents a minute? Is this some kind of subliminal telemarketing scheme? I've read about things like this in the Enquirer, you know.
AT&T:No, sur, we are offering 10 cents a minute for
ME:THERE YOU GO AGAIN! Can I speak to supervisor please?
AT&T:Sir, I don't think that necessary.
ME:I insist on speaking to supervisor!
AT&T:Yes, Mr.Byron. Pleas hold.
At this point, I begin trying to finish my dinner.
ME:Yeah.
SUPERVISOR:I understand you are not quite understanding our 10 cents a minute program.
ME:is This AT&T?
SUPERVISOR:Yes, sir, it sure is.
ME:(I had to swallow before I choked on my food, It was all I could do to suppress my laughter and I had to be Careful not to produce a snort.) No, actually, I was just waiting for someone to get back to me so that I could sign up fo the plan.
SUPERVISOR:Ok, no problem, I'll transfer you back to the person who was helping you.
ME:Thank you.
I was on hold once again and managed a few more monthfuls. I need to end this conversation. Suddenly, there was an aggravated but polite voice at the other end of the phone.
AT&T:Hello, Mr.Byron, I understand that you are interested in sighning up for our plan?
ME:No, but I was wondering - do you have that "Friend and Family" thing because I'm an only child and I'd really like to have a little brother...
When the diesel generators were gone, the reactor operators switched to emergency battery power. The batteries were designed as one of the backups to the backups, to provide power for cooling the core for 8 hours. And they did.
Within the 8 hours, another power source had to be found and connected to the power plant. The power grid was down due to the earthquake. The diesel generators were destroyed by the tsunami. So mobile diesel generators were trucked in.
This is where things started to go seriously wrong. The external power generators could not be connected to the power plant (the plugs did not fit). So after the batteries ran out, the residual heat could not be carried away any more.
At this point the plant operators begin to follow emergency procedures that are in place for a “loss of cooling event”. It is again a step along the “Depth of Defense” lines. The power to the cooling systems should never have failed completely, but it did, so they “retreat” to the next line of defense. All of this, however shocking it seems to us, is part of the day-to-day training you go through as an operator, right through to managing a core meltdown.
It was at this stage that people started to talk about core meltdown. Because at the end of the day, if cooling cannot be restored, the core will eventually melt (after hours or days), and the last line of defense, the core catcher and third containment, would come into play.
But the goal at this stage was to manage the core while it was heating up, and ensure that the first containment (the Zircaloy tubes that contains the nuclear fuel), as well as the second containment (our pressure cooker) remain intact and operational for as long as possible, to give the engineers time to fix the cooling systems.
Because cooling the core is such a big deal, the reactor has a number of cooling systems, each in multiple versions (the reactor water cleanup system, the decay heat removal, the reactor core isolating cooling, the standby liquid cooling system, and the emergency core cooling system). Which one failed when or did not fail is not clear at this point in time.
So imagine our pressure cooker on the stove, heat on low, but on. The operators use whatever cooling system capacity they have to get rid of as much heat as possible, but the pressure starts building up. The priority now is to maintain integrity of the first containment (keep temperature of the fuel rods below 2200°C), as well as the second containment, the pressure cooker. In order to maintain integrity of the pressure cooker (the second containment), the pressure has to be released from time to time. Because the ability to do that in an emergency is so important, the reactor has 11 pressure release valves. The operators now started venting steam from time to time to control the pressure. The temperature at this stage was about 550°C.
This is when the reports about “radiation leakage” starting coming in. I believe I explained above why venting the steam is theoretically the same as releasing radiation into the environment, but why it was and is not dangerous. The radioactive nitrogen as well as the noble gases do not pose a threat to human health.
At some stage during this venting, the explosion occurred. The explosion took place outside of the third containment (our “last line of defense”), and the reactor building. Remember that the reactor building has no function in keeping the radioactivity contained. It is not entirely clear yet what has happened, but this is the likely scenario: The operators decided to vent the steam from the pressure vessel not directly into the environment, but into the space between the third containment and the reactor building (to give the radioactivity in the steam more time to subside). The problem is that at the high temperatures that the core had reached at this stage, water molecules can “disassociate” into oxygen and hydrogen – an explosive mixture. And it did explode, outside the third containment, damaging the reactor building around. It was that sort of explosion, but inside the pressure vessel (because it was badly designed and not managed properly by the operators) that lead to the explosion of Chernobyl. This was never a risk at Fukushima. The problem of hydrogen-oxygen formation is one of the biggies when you design a power plant (if you are not Soviet, that is), so the reactor is build and operated in a way it cannot happen inside the containment. It happened outside, which was not intended but a possible scenario and OK, because it did not pose a risk for the containment.
So the pressure was under control, as steam was vented. Now, if you keep boiling your pot, the problem is that the water level will keep falling and falling. The core is covered by several meters of water in order to allow for some time to pass (hours, days) before it gets exposed. Once the rods start to be exposed at the top, the exposed parts will reach the critical temperature of 2200 °C after about 45 minutes. This is when the first containment, the Zircaloy tube, would fail.
And this started to happen. The cooling could not be restored before there was some (very limited, but still) damage to the casing of some of the fuel. The nuclear material itself was still intact, but the surrounding Zircaloy shell had started melting. What happened now is that some of the byproducts of the uranium decay – radioactive Cesium and Iodine – started to mix with the steam. The big problem, uranium, was still under control, because the uranium oxide rods were good until 3000 °C. It is confirmed that a very small amount of Cesium and Iodine was measured in the steam that was released into the atmosphere.
It seems this was the “go signal” for a major plan B. The small amounts of Cesium that were measured told the operators that the first containment on one of the rods somewhere was about to give. The Plan A had been to restore one of the regular cooling systems to the core. Why that failed is unclear. One plausible explanation is that the tsunami also took away / polluted all the clean water needed for the regular cooling systems.
The water used in the cooling system is very clean, demineralized (like distilled) water. The reason to use pure water is the above mentioned activation by the neutrons from the Uranium: Pure water does not get activated much, so stays practically radioactive-free. Dirt or salt in the water will absorb the neutrons quicker, becoming more radioactive. This has no effect whatsoever on the core – it does not care what it is cooled by. But it makes life more difficult for the operators and mechanics when they have to deal with activated (i.e. slightly radioactive) water.
But Plan A had failed – cooling systems down or additional clean water unavailable – so Plan B came into effect. This is what it looks like happened:
In order to prevent a core meltdown, the operators started to use sea water to cool the core. I am not quite sure if they flooded our pressure cooker with it (the second containment), or if they flooded the third containment, immersing the pressure cooker. But that is not relevant for us.
The point is that the nuclear fuel has now been cooled down. Because the chain reaction has been stopped a long time ago, there is only very little residual heat being produced now. The large amount of cooling water that has been used is sufficient to take up that heat. Because it is a lot of water, the core does not produce sufficient heat any more to produce any significant pressure. Also, boric acid has been added to the seawater. Boric acid is “liquid control rod”. Whatever decay is still going on, the Boron will capture the neutrons and further speed up the cooling down of the core.
The plant came close to a core meltdown. Here is the worst-case scenario that was avoided: If the seawater could not have been used for treatment, the operators would have continued to vent the water steam to avoid pressure buildup. The third containment would then have been completely sealed to allow the core meltdown to happen without releasing radioactive material. After the meltdown, there would have been a waiting period for the intermediate radioactive materials to decay inside the reactor, and all radioactive particles to settle on a surface inside the containment. The cooling system would have been restored eventually, and the molten core cooled to a manageable temperature. The containment would have been cleaned up on the inside. Then a messy job of removing the molten core from the containment would have begun, packing the (now solid again) fuel bit by bit into transportation containers to be shipped to processing plants. Depending on the damage, the block of the plant would then either be repaired or dismantled.
Now, where does that leave us?
・The plant is safe now and will stay safe.
・Japan is looking at an INES Level 4 Accident: Nuclear accident with local consequences. That is bad for the company that owns the plant, but not for anyone else.
・Some radiation was released when the pressure vessel was vented. All radioactive isotopes from the activated steam have gone (decayed). A very small amount of Cesium was released, as well as Iodine. If you were sitting on top of the plants’ chimney when they were venting, you should probably give up smoking to return to your former life expectancy. The Cesium and Iodine isotopes were carried out to the sea and will never be seen again.
・There was some limited damage to the first containment. That means that some amounts of radioactive Cesium and Iodine will also be released into the cooling water, but no Uranium or other nasty stuff (the Uranium oxide does not “dissolve” in the water). There are facilities for treating the cooling water inside the third containment. The radioactive Cesium and Iodine will be removed there and eventually stored as radioactive waste in terminal storage.
・The seawater used as cooling water will be activated to some degree. Because the control rods are fully inserted, the Uranium chain reaction is not happening. That means the “main” nuclear reaction is not happening, thus not contributing to the activation. The intermediate radioactive materials (Cesium and Iodine) are also almost gone at this stage, because the Uranium decay was stopped a long time ago. This further reduces the activation. The bottom line is that there will be some low level of activation of the seawater, which will also be removed by the treatment facilities.
・The seawater will then be replaced over time with the “normal” cooling water
・The reactor core will then be dismantled and transported to a processing facility, just like during a regular fuel change.
・Fuel rods and the entire plant will be checked for potential damage. This will take about 4-5 years.
・The safety systems on all Japanese plants will be upgraded to withstand a 9.0 earthquake and tsunami (or worse)
・I believe the most significant problem will be a prolonged power shortage. About half of Japan’s nuclear reactors will probably have to be inspected, reducing the nation’s power generating capacity by 15%. This will probably be covered by running gas power plants that are usually only used for peak loads to cover some of the base load as well. That will increase your electricity bill, as well as lead to potential power shortages during peak demand, in Japan.
If you want to stay informed, please forget the usual media outlets and consult the following websites:
http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS_Battle_to_stabilise_earthquake_reactors_1203111.html
http://bravenewclimate.com/2011/03/12/japan-nuclear-earthquake/
http://ansnuclearcafe.org/2011/03/11/media-updates-on-nuclear-power-stations-in-japan/
http://anond.hatelabo.jp/20100715165527 の続き、法則じゃなくて実践編。
グッモーネン
Good morning.
Good afternoon.
グッナイッ
Good night.
Nice to meet you.
アイムフルムジャペアン
I 'm from Japan.
ジャスタリルウ
Just a little.
テンキュ
Thank you.
ユオウェウクム
You are welcome.
ナラローウ
That's OK.
ドンウオウリアバウレッ
Don't worry about it.
ハオユ？
How are you?
ワツァッ？
What is up?
テイケオ
Take care.
ハバウシャペン？
How about shopping?
アイウテイケッ
イゼリナフ？
Is that enough?
メヤイカミン？
May I come in?
ゲラウラヴヒア
Get out of here.
プリーズハヴスィーツ
アイガーレッ
I got it.
メイクセンス
Makes sense.
アイナッシュオ
I am not sure.
アイディンーノウダーッ
I didn't know that.
セイーラゲイン
Say it again.
オユシュオ？
Are you sure?
アイニーラキャーブ
I need a cab.
I am getting off.
ワッシュライドゥ？
What shuld I do?
テイケルーズィ
アイガーラゴウ
A couple of minutes.
ギンミスメデスン
Give me some medicine.
A cup of coffee, please.
Can I have some water?
Let me get a slice to go.
ドゥヤヴ コウク？
Do you have coke?
ケニュテイカワペクチョ？
Can you take our picture?
クジュウテウミ ダウリルダ ボウスタフェス？
Could you tell me the way to the post office?
How do I get to Tokyo station?
I want you to pick me up at the airport.
ジュマインデファイ オウペナドア？
Do you mind if I open the door?
ワルヨーテンカバウレッ？
プリーッセンミスマネ ズスーネズパセボウ
Please send me some money as soon as possible.
ワッカイナムーヴィズ ドゥユライク？
What kind of movies do you like?
Do you want to listen to music?
I am going to visit the United States.
I don't feel lile it.
I am supposed to go see a docter.
ワツダネクスタッ（ｐ）
ハーロンダゼッテイク？
イツユオズイズネッ？
It is yours, isn't it?
アイハフタドゥマイベスッ
I have to do my best.
ハヴュベナセアロウ？
Have you been to Seattle?
アイウォズエイボラスウィム
I was able to swim.
ウィアダラーラスノウ
We had a lot of snow.
I shoud have bought a brand new computer.
ユースピーク ナロンリー ジェアパニーズ バローウソウ エングレッシュ
