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はてなキーワード: doesとは
Digital cameras are made in a wide range of sizes, prices and capabilities. The majority are camera phones, operated as a mobile application through the cellphone menu. Professional photographers and many amateurs use larger, more expensive digital single-lens reflex cameras (DSLR) for their greater versatility. Between these extremes lie digital compact cameras and bridge digital cameras that "bridge" the gap between amateur and professional cameras. Specialized cameras including multispectral imaging equipment and astrographs continue to serve the scientific, military, medical and other special purposes for which digital photography was invented.
Subcompact with lens assembly retracted
Compact cameras are designed to be tiny and portable and are particularly suitable for casual and "snapshot" uses. Hence, they are also called point-and-shoot cameras. The smallest, generally less than 20 mm thick, are described as subcompacts or "ultra-compacts" and some are nearly credit card size.[2]
Most, apart from ruggedized or water-resistant models, incorporate a retractable lens assembly allowing a thin camera to have a moderately long focal length and thus fully exploit an image sensor larger than that on a camera phone, and a mechanized lens cap to cover the lens when retracted. The retracted and capped lens is protected from keys, coins and other hard objects, thus making it a thin, pocketable package. Subcompacts commonly have one lug and a short wrist strap which aids extraction from a pocket, while thicker compacts may have two lugs for attaching a neck strap.
Compact cameras are usually designed to be easy to use, sacrificing advanced features and picture quality for compactness and simplicity; images can usually only be stored using lossy compression (JPEG). Most have a built-in flash usually of low power, sufficient for nearby subjects. Live preview is almost always used to frame the photo. Most have limited motion picture capability. Compacts often have macro capability and zoom lenses but the zoom range is usually less than for bridge and DSLR cameras. Generally a contrast-detect autofocus system, using the image data from the live preview feed of the main imager, focuses the lens.
Typically, these cameras incorporate a nearly silent leaf shutter into their lenses.
For lower cost and smaller size, these cameras typically use image sensors with a diagonal of approximately 6 mm, corresponding to a crop factor around 6. This gives them weaker low-light performance, greater depth of field, generally closer focusing ability, and smaller components than cameras using larger sensors.
Starting in 2011, some compact digital cameras can take 3D still photos. These 3D compact stereo cameras can capture 3D panoramic photos for play back on a 3D TV.[3] Some of these are rugged and waterproof, and some have GPS, compass, barometer and altimeter. [4]
Main article: Bridge camera
Bridge are higher-end digital cameras that physically and ergonomically resemble DSLRs and share with them some advanced features, but share with compacts the use of a fixed lens and a small sensor. Like compacts, most use live preview to frame the image. Their autofocus uses the same contrast-detect mechanism, but many bridge cameras have a manual focus mode, in some cases using a separate focus ring, for greater control. They originally "bridged" the gap between affordable point-and-shoot cameras and the then unaffordable earlier digital SLRs.
Due to the combination of big physical size but a small sensor, many of these cameras have very highly specified lenses with large zoom range and fast aperture, partially compensating for the inability to change lenses. On some, the lens qualifies as superzoom. To compensate for the lesser sensitivity of their small sensors, these cameras almost always include an image stabilization system to enable longer handheld exposures.
These cameras are sometimes marketed as and confused with digital SLR cameras since the appearance is similar. Bridge cameras lack the reflex viewing system of DSLRs, are usually fitted with fixed (non-interchangeable) lenses (although some have a lens thread to attach accessory wide-angle or telephoto converters), and can usually take movies with sound. The scene is composed by viewing either the liquid crystal display or the electronic viewfinder (EVF). Most have a longer shutter lag than a true dSLR, but they are capable of good image quality (with sufficient light) while being more compact and lighter than DSLRs. High-end models of this type have comparable resolutions to low and mid-range DSLRs. Many of these cameras can store images in a Raw image format, or processed and JPEG compressed, or both. The majority have a built-in flash similar to those found in DSLRs.
In bright sun, the quality difference between a good compact camera and a digital SLR is minimal but bridgecams are more portable, cost less and have a similar zoom ability to dSLR. Thus a Bridge camera may better suit outdoor daytime activities, except when seeking professional-quality photos.[5]
In low light conditions and/or at ISO equivalents above 800, most bridge cameras (or megazooms) lack in image quality when compared to even entry level DSLRs. However, they do have one major advantage: their much larger depth of field due to the small sensor as compared to a DSLR, allowing larger apertures with shorter exposure times.
A 3D Photo Mode was introduced in 2011, whereby the camera automatically takes a second image from a slightly different perspective and provides a standard .MPO file for stereo display. [6]
[edit]Mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera
Main article: Mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera
In late 2008, a new type of camera emerged, combining the larger sensors and interchangeable lenses of DSLRs with the live-preview viewing system of compact cameras, either through an electronic viewfinder or on the rear LCD. These are simpler and more compact than DSLRs due to the removal of the mirror box, and typically emulate the handling and ergonomics of either DSLRs or compacts. The system is used by Micro Four Thirds, borrowing components from the Four Thirds DSLR system.
[edit]Digital single lens reflex cameras
Cutaway of an Olympus E-30 DSLR
Main article: Digital single-lens reflex camera
Digital single-lens reflex cameras (DSLRs) are digital cameras based on film single-lens reflex cameras (SLRs). They take their name from their unique viewing system, in which a mirror reflects light from the lens through a separate optical viewfinder. At the moment of exposure the mirror flips out of the way, making a distinctive "clack" sound and allowing light to fall on the imager.
Since no light reaches the imager during framing, autofocus is accomplished using specialized sensors in the mirror box itself. Most 21st century DSLRs also have a "live view" mode that emulates the live preview system of compact cameras, when selected.
These cameras have much larger sensors than the other types, typically 18 mm to 36 mm on the diagonal (crop factor 2, 1.6, or 1). This gives them superior low-light performance, less depth of field at a given aperture, and a larger size.
They make use of interchangeable lenses; each major DSLR manufacturer also sells a line of lenses specifically intended to be used on their cameras. This allows the user to select a lens designed for the application at hand: wide-angle, telephoto, low-light, etc. So each lens does not require its own shutter, DSLRs use a focal-plane shutter in front of the imager, behind the mirror.
Main article: Rangefinder camera#Digital rangefinder
A rangefinder is a user-operated optical mechanism to measure subject distance once widely used on film cameras. Most digital cameras measure subject distance automatically using electro-optical techniques, but it is not customary to say that they have a rangefinder.
[edit]Line-scan camera systems
A line-scan camera is a camera device containing a line-scan image sensor chip, and a focusing mechanism. These cameras are almost solely used in industrial settings to capture an image of a constant stream of moving material. Unlike video cameras, line-scan cameras use a single row of pixel sensors, instead of a matrix of them. Data coming from the line-scan camera has a frequency, where the camera scans a line, waits, and repeats. The data coming from the line-scan camera is commonly processed by a computer, to collect the one-dimensional line data and to create a two-dimensional image. The collected two-dimensional image data is then processed by image-processing methods for industrial purposes.
Further information: Rotating line camera
Many devices include digital cameras built into or integrated into them. For example, mobile phones often include digital cameras; those that do are known as camera phones. Other small electronic devices (especially those used for communication) such as PDAs, laptops and BlackBerry devices often contain an integral digital camera, and most 21st century camcorders can also make still pictures.
Due to the limited storage capacity and general emphasis on convenience rather than image quality, almost all these integrated or converged devices store images in the lossy but compact JPEG file format.
Mobile phones incorporating digital cameras were introduced in Japan in 2001 by J-Phone. In 2003 camera phones outsold stand-alone digital cameras, and in 2006 they outsold all film-based cameras and digital cameras combined. These camera phones reached a billion devices sold in only five years, and by 2007 more than half of the installed base of all mobile phones were camera phones. Sales of separate cameras peaked in 2008. [7]
Integrated cameras tend to be at the very lowest end of the scale of digital cameras in technical specifications, such as resolution, optical quality, and ability to use accessories. With rapid development, however, the gap between mainstream compact digital cameras and camera phones is closing, and high-end camera phones are competitive with low-end stand-alone digital cameras of the same generation.
A Canon WP-1 waterproof 35 mm film camera
Waterproof digital cameras are digital cameras that can make pictures underwater. Waterproof housings have long been made but they cost almost as the cameras. Many waterproof digital cameras are shockproof and resistant to low temperatures; one of them is Canon PowerShot D10, one of the first underwater digital cameras.
These cameras become very popular during the holiday season, because many people want to save the best moments from their holidays at the seaside. Waterproof watches and mobile phones were produced earlier. Most makers of digital cameras also produce waterproof ones and every year they launch at least one new model, for example Sony, Olympus, Canon, Fuji.
Healthways Mako Shark, an early waterproof camera,[8] was launched in 1958 and cost around 25 dollars. It was a huge camera and pictures were black and white.
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http://www.gobatteryonline.com/canon-nb-9l-digital-camera-battery-gose.html
http://www.gobatteryonline.com/canon-lp-e5-digital-camera-battery-gose.html
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iPhone4sのSIMフリー輸入版が修理できるとか出来ないとか錯綜してるから、俺様がスマートにまとめてみた。
http://support.apple.com/kb/index?page=servicefaq&geo=Japan&product=iphone
２．海外で購入したiPhoneを日本で修理できるか（2009/06）
http://nokias60.seesaa.net/article/121361258.html
※２のブログによると、かつては１に海外修理不可というFAQ項目があったそうだが、現在はない。
３．アップル「海外で購入したiPhone4/iPadも国内修理可能です（2010/08）
http://techwave.jp/archives/51487541.html
※上の事実について、３の記事によれば、iPhone4発売前後、急に海外修理不可という項目が消えたらしい。
４．iPhone サポート：サポートおよびサービスの保証期間
http://www.apple.com/jp/support/iphone/contact/
※そして現在では、ここでシリアル番号を入力すれば、保証の有無がチェックできる。
※ちなみに俺様のはオーストラリア版SIMフリーだが、普通の修理が受けられるというマークがでた。
５．海外で買ったiPhone 4を買った国以外で交換してもらう
http://blog.nunnun.jp/Private/iphone_4_international_warranty.html
※実際に交換可能だったというこんな記事もある。
６．Does iphone4 has international warranty?
http://forums.macrumors.com/showthread.php?t=967224
※海外のフォーラムでは可能だとかダメだとか、そんなはずはない、俺は実際に交換したとか、2chと同じような話が続いている。
つまり、修理については国ごとに規定が違っていて、その中でもさらにケースバイケースというのが実情なのだろう。
特に日本のアップルストアはよく外国人を見るので、外国で買って壊れて困った人達にどう対応すべきか、
コンセンサスがとれていなかった→iPhone4Sの発売にあわせて、早急にストア内での統一見解を作った、
という可能性のではないかと思われる（しかしそれは４のサポート情報と見事に矛盾するから、
結局、見解といってもストア内の自主見解みたいなものなのじゃないかと思われる）。
＜俺様の結論＞ ごねれば修理は可能。最悪、不安ならば４のサイトにシリアルを入力した上で、
画面をキャプチャするなりしておいて、それを証拠にすれば、万が一、駄目な店員にあたったとしても交渉する事は可能だと思う。
適当翻訳。(http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=101894543228386)
I found this information online, and I felt that I must share this for everyone in United States so that we can avoid any further death or risks from Kohlenstoff 14.
私はこの情報をインターネット上で見つけ、コーレンストフ14による危険を避けるためにこの情報を共有したいと思います。
_____________________________________________________
Kohlenstoff 14 is radioactive material which is found by recent research that those who are exposed to Kohlenstoff 14 die extremely high mortality rate. This post is intended to warn U.S. citizens for the potential risk of receiving kohlenstoff 14 and to give brief radiological effects from Kohlenstoff 14.
コーレンストフ14は放射能物質であり、コーレンストフ14に被爆した人々は高い確率で死亡することが研究によって明らかにされています。この情報はアメリカ市民の皆様にコーレンストフ14による潜在的リスクの注意を喚起すること、およびコーレンストフによる放射線効果の簡易の説明を行うことを目的としています。
Kohlenstoff 14 is one of the most dangerous radioactive materials due its high death rate after inhalation of Kohlenstoff 14, but the dangers of Kohlenstoff 14 do not end there.
コーレンストフ14は吸引後高い確率で死亡することが確認されている、もっとも危険な放射能物質であることが知られています。しかしながらコーレンストフ14の危険性はそれだけではありません。
Kohlenstoff 14 is dangerous itself, but it can react with Hydrogen to compose high addictive materials. These chemical compounds cause liver disease death. Several peer reviewed journal articles reveal that 14,406 died in US due to liver disease caused by chemical compounds of Kohlenstoff and hydrogen. Its high addictiveness is found that after first intake of these compounds, nearly a half of adult starts to take these chemical compounds again and again (Those who want accurate number, it is 52%.) Even worse, these chemical compounds cause loss of consciousness and ability to think. This effect is accounted for death of 23,199 in 2007.
コーレンストフ14はそれ自体危険な物質ですが、水素と反応し肝臓に疾患を発症させる中毒性のある物質を形成します。いくつかの査読論文では14406人のアメリカ人がこれらの化合物によって起こされる肝臓の疾患によって無くなっています。また、強度な中毒性は初めてこれらの化合物を摂取したのち、半数の人々が定期的に化合物を摂取するようになります。また、これらの化合物は思考能力の低下を引き起こします。これによって23199人の死亡が確認されています。
The danger of its chemical compounds is explained. However, the danger of Kohlenstoff 14 never ends. It must be carefully stated that, Kohlenstoff 14 does not cause all people to commit crime. Research was conducted to determine how often prisoners take Kohlenstoff 14. It was found that 100% of subjects in this research take or took Kohlenstoff 14 in their live before imprisonment. This research did not take sufficient enough number of subjects, but it gives possibility that Kohlenstoff 14 may drive people to commit crime. Furthermore research is needed.
化合物による危険性の説明をおこないました。しかしながら、コーレンストフ14の危険性はそれだけではありません。注意深く説明しなければなりませんが、必ずしもコーレンストフ14を摂取した人々がすべて犯罪を引き起こすわけではありません。しかしながら研究によれば、刑務所の受刑者の被験者は100％の確率でコーレンストフ14を以前に摂取したことが明らかにされています。この研究は十分な被験者があつめられたわけではありません、しかしながらコーレンストフ14の摂取が犯罪を引き起こす可能性があることが示されています。これはさらなる研究が必要です。
Kohlenstoff 14 dies hard. It is found by research that Kohlenstoff 14 remains in body for the rest of life even after intake of one pill (Dose is not important. Regardless the amount of dose, it remains.) In addition to this, the Kohlenstoff 14 is characterized by its very long half-life. It is quite impossible for it to disappear naturally. Therefore, special medical treatment must be applied to those who previously receive Kohlenstoff 14 in their live.
コーレンストフ14はなかなか無くなりません。コーレンストフ14は量にかかわらず摂取後体内に残留することが研究によって発見されています。加えて、コーレンストフ14はとても長い半減期を持つことが知られています。よって自然にコーレンストフ14が消滅することはありません。よって特別な医療治療がコーレンストフ14を摂取した人に適応されなければなりません。
I just found out that it takes very long time to explain the danger of Kohlenstoff 14. Hence, the following list is the suggested danger of Kohlenstoff 14 so far.
コーレンストフ１４の危険性を説明することは長い時間を要します。よって、リストを作りマスタ。
• It is found in greenhouse gas.
コーレンストフ14は温室効果ガスの中に発見されることがあります。
• Some infants are found to have taken Kohlenstoff.
幼児がコーレンストフを摂取つすることがあることが知られています。
• High radiation dose is exposed to U.S. citizens so far without noticed.
多くのアメリカ市民は秘密裏にコーレンストフ14より放射線を被ばくしています。
• It reacts with Oxygen and causes fire.
• Many countries can access to it without any restriction in laws.
多くの国々がコーレンストフ14を規制することなしに入手することができます。
• Kohlenstoff is very useful material for engineering purpose.
• Pure solid of Kohlenstoff is more expensive than gold. Impure Kohlenstoff is typically less than 1 dollar.
純粋なコーレンストフは金より高価であり、不純物をふくむコーレンストフは大変安価である。
• During the industrialization of England and U.S., Kohlenstoff was found in air and caused death.
アメリカと英国の工業化の時代に、コーレンストフは空気中に存在し、死者を生みました。
• The number of its compounds is reported 10 million so far.
コーレンストフは1000万以上の化合物の形をとることが知られています。
I explained the danger of Kohlenstoff 14 and I suggest U.S. citizens to work on banning these radioactive materials and to make an environment free from Kohlenstoff 14. It is expected that Kohlenstoff 14 fee environment costs more than 100 billion dollars, however.
コーレンストフ14の危険性をわかっていただけかと思います。そして私はアメリカ市民の皆様にコーレンストフ14を規制し、コーレンストフ14の存在しない環境を作るべきだと考えます、しかしながらコーレンストフ14の除去は100ビリオンドル以上かかることが予想されています。
This warning was written by S.s.
どうでもいいけど、信じるなよ
When the diesel generators were gone, the reactor operators switched to emergency battery power. The batteries were designed as one of the backups to the backups, to provide power for cooling the core for 8 hours. And they did.
Within the 8 hours, another power source had to be found and connected to the power plant. The power grid was down due to the earthquake. The diesel generators were destroyed by the tsunami. So mobile diesel generators were trucked in.
This is where things started to go seriously wrong. The external power generators could not be connected to the power plant (the plugs did not fit). So after the batteries ran out, the residual heat could not be carried away any more.
At this point the plant operators begin to follow emergency procedures that are in place for a “loss of cooling event”. It is again a step along the “Depth of Defense” lines. The power to the cooling systems should never have failed completely, but it did, so they “retreat” to the next line of defense. All of this, however shocking it seems to us, is part of the day-to-day training you go through as an operator, right through to managing a core meltdown.
It was at this stage that people started to talk about core meltdown. Because at the end of the day, if cooling cannot be restored, the core will eventually melt (after hours or days), and the last line of defense, the core catcher and third containment, would come into play.
But the goal at this stage was to manage the core while it was heating up, and ensure that the first containment (the Zircaloy tubes that contains the nuclear fuel), as well as the second containment (our pressure cooker) remain intact and operational for as long as possible, to give the engineers time to fix the cooling systems.
Because cooling the core is such a big deal, the reactor has a number of cooling systems, each in multiple versions (the reactor water cleanup system, the decay heat removal, the reactor core isolating cooling, the standby liquid cooling system, and the emergency core cooling system). Which one failed when or did not fail is not clear at this point in time.
So imagine our pressure cooker on the stove, heat on low, but on. The operators use whatever cooling system capacity they have to get rid of as much heat as possible, but the pressure starts building up. The priority now is to maintain integrity of the first containment (keep temperature of the fuel rods below 2200°C), as well as the second containment, the pressure cooker. In order to maintain integrity of the pressure cooker (the second containment), the pressure has to be released from time to time. Because the ability to do that in an emergency is so important, the reactor has 11 pressure release valves. The operators now started venting steam from time to time to control the pressure. The temperature at this stage was about 550°C.
This is when the reports about “radiation leakage” starting coming in. I believe I explained above why venting the steam is theoretically the same as releasing radiation into the environment, but why it was and is not dangerous. The radioactive nitrogen as well as the noble gases do not pose a threat to human health.
At some stage during this venting, the explosion occurred. The explosion took place outside of the third containment (our “last line of defense”), and the reactor building. Remember that the reactor building has no function in keeping the radioactivity contained. It is not entirely clear yet what has happened, but this is the likely scenario: The operators decided to vent the steam from the pressure vessel not directly into the environment, but into the space between the third containment and the reactor building (to give the radioactivity in the steam more time to subside). The problem is that at the high temperatures that the core had reached at this stage, water molecules can “disassociate” into oxygen and hydrogen – an explosive mixture. And it did explode, outside the third containment, damaging the reactor building around. It was that sort of explosion, but inside the pressure vessel (because it was badly designed and not managed properly by the operators) that lead to the explosion of Chernobyl. This was never a risk at Fukushima. The problem of hydrogen-oxygen formation is one of the biggies when you design a power plant (if you are not Soviet, that is), so the reactor is build and operated in a way it cannot happen inside the containment. It happened outside, which was not intended but a possible scenario and OK, because it did not pose a risk for the containment.
So the pressure was under control, as steam was vented. Now, if you keep boiling your pot, the problem is that the water level will keep falling and falling. The core is covered by several meters of water in order to allow for some time to pass (hours, days) before it gets exposed. Once the rods start to be exposed at the top, the exposed parts will reach the critical temperature of 2200 °C after about 45 minutes. This is when the first containment, the Zircaloy tube, would fail.
And this started to happen. The cooling could not be restored before there was some (very limited, but still) damage to the casing of some of the fuel. The nuclear material itself was still intact, but the surrounding Zircaloy shell had started melting. What happened now is that some of the byproducts of the uranium decay – radioactive Cesium and Iodine – started to mix with the steam. The big problem, uranium, was still under control, because the uranium oxide rods were good until 3000 °C. It is confirmed that a very small amount of Cesium and Iodine was measured in the steam that was released into the atmosphere.
It seems this was the “go signal” for a major plan B. The small amounts of Cesium that were measured told the operators that the first containment on one of the rods somewhere was about to give. The Plan A had been to restore one of the regular cooling systems to the core. Why that failed is unclear. One plausible explanation is that the tsunami also took away / polluted all the clean water needed for the regular cooling systems.
The water used in the cooling system is very clean, demineralized (like distilled) water. The reason to use pure water is the above mentioned activation by the neutrons from the Uranium: Pure water does not get activated much, so stays practically radioactive-free. Dirt or salt in the water will absorb the neutrons quicker, becoming more radioactive. This has no effect whatsoever on the core – it does not care what it is cooled by. But it makes life more difficult for the operators and mechanics when they have to deal with activated (i.e. slightly radioactive) water.
But Plan A had failed – cooling systems down or additional clean water unavailable – so Plan B came into effect. This is what it looks like happened:
In order to prevent a core meltdown, the operators started to use sea water to cool the core. I am not quite sure if they flooded our pressure cooker with it (the second containment), or if they flooded the third containment, immersing the pressure cooker. But that is not relevant for us.
The point is that the nuclear fuel has now been cooled down. Because the chain reaction has been stopped a long time ago, there is only very little residual heat being produced now. The large amount of cooling water that has been used is sufficient to take up that heat. Because it is a lot of water, the core does not produce sufficient heat any more to produce any significant pressure. Also, boric acid has been added to the seawater. Boric acid is “liquid control rod”. Whatever decay is still going on, the Boron will capture the neutrons and further speed up the cooling down of the core.
The plant came close to a core meltdown. Here is the worst-case scenario that was avoided: If the seawater could not have been used for treatment, the operators would have continued to vent the water steam to avoid pressure buildup. The third containment would then have been completely sealed to allow the core meltdown to happen without releasing radioactive material. After the meltdown, there would have been a waiting period for the intermediate radioactive materials to decay inside the reactor, and all radioactive particles to settle on a surface inside the containment. The cooling system would have been restored eventually, and the molten core cooled to a manageable temperature. The containment would have been cleaned up on the inside. Then a messy job of removing the molten core from the containment would have begun, packing the (now solid again) fuel bit by bit into transportation containers to be shipped to processing plants. Depending on the damage, the block of the plant would then either be repaired or dismantled.
Now, where does that leave us?
・The plant is safe now and will stay safe.
・Japan is looking at an INES Level 4 Accident: Nuclear accident with local consequences. That is bad for the company that owns the plant, but not for anyone else.
・Some radiation was released when the pressure vessel was vented. All radioactive isotopes from the activated steam have gone (decayed). A very small amount of Cesium was released, as well as Iodine. If you were sitting on top of the plants’ chimney when they were venting, you should probably give up smoking to return to your former life expectancy. The Cesium and Iodine isotopes were carried out to the sea and will never be seen again.
・There was some limited damage to the first containment. That means that some amounts of radioactive Cesium and Iodine will also be released into the cooling water, but no Uranium or other nasty stuff (the Uranium oxide does not “dissolve” in the water). There are facilities for treating the cooling water inside the third containment. The radioactive Cesium and Iodine will be removed there and eventually stored as radioactive waste in terminal storage.
・The seawater used as cooling water will be activated to some degree. Because the control rods are fully inserted, the Uranium chain reaction is not happening. That means the “main” nuclear reaction is not happening, thus not contributing to the activation. The intermediate radioactive materials (Cesium and Iodine) are also almost gone at this stage, because the Uranium decay was stopped a long time ago. This further reduces the activation. The bottom line is that there will be some low level of activation of the seawater, which will also be removed by the treatment facilities.
・The seawater will then be replaced over time with the “normal” cooling water
・The reactor core will then be dismantled and transported to a processing facility, just like during a regular fuel change.
・Fuel rods and the entire plant will be checked for potential damage. This will take about 4-5 years.
・The safety systems on all Japanese plants will be upgraded to withstand a 9.0 earthquake and tsunami (or worse)
・I believe the most significant problem will be a prolonged power shortage. About half of Japan’s nuclear reactors will probably have to be inspected, reducing the nation’s power generating capacity by 15%. This will probably be covered by running gas power plants that are usually only used for peak loads to cover some of the base load as well. That will increase your electricity bill, as well as lead to potential power shortages during peak demand, in Japan.
If you want to stay informed, please forget the usual media outlets and consult the following websites:
http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS_Battle_to_stabilise_earthquake_reactors_1203111.html
http://bravenewclimate.com/2011/03/12/japan-nuclear-earthquake/
http://ansnuclearcafe.org/2011/03/11/media-updates-on-nuclear-power-stations-in-japan/
http://anond.hatelabo.jp/20100715165527 の続き、法則じゃなくて実践編。
グッモーネン
Good morning.
Good afternoon.
グッナイッ
Good night.
Nice to meet you.
アイムフルムジャペアン
I 'm from Japan.
ジャスタリルウ
Just a little.
テンキュ
Thank you.
ユオウェウクム
You are welcome.
ナラローウ
That's OK.
ドンウオウリアバウレッ
Don't worry about it.
ハオユ？
How are you?
ワツァッ？
What is up?
テイケオ
Take care.
ハバウシャペン？
How about shopping?
アイウテイケッ
イゼリナフ？
Is that enough?
メヤイカミン？
May I come in?
ゲラウラヴヒア
Get out of here.
プリーズハヴスィーツ
アイガーレッ
I got it.
メイクセンス
Makes sense.
アイナッシュオ
I am not sure.
アイディンーノウダーッ
I didn't know that.
セイーラゲイン
Say it again.
オユシュオ？
Are you sure?
アイニーラキャーブ
I need a cab.
I am getting off.
ワッシュライドゥ？
What shuld I do?
テイケルーズィ
アイガーラゴウ
A couple of minutes.
ギンミスメデスン
Give me some medicine.
A cup of coffee, please.
Can I have some water?
Let me get a slice to go.
ドゥヤヴ コウク？
Do you have coke?
ケニュテイカワペクチョ？
Can you take our picture?
クジュウテウミ ダウリルダ ボウスタフェス？
Could you tell me the way to the post office?
How do I get to Tokyo station?
I want you to pick me up at the airport.
ジュマインデファイ オウペナドア？
Do you mind if I open the door?
ワルヨーテンカバウレッ？
プリーッセンミスマネ ズスーネズパセボウ
Please send me some money as soon as possible.
ワッカイナムーヴィズ ドゥユライク？
What kind of movies do you like?
Do you want to listen to music?
I am going to visit the United States.
I don't feel lile it.
I am supposed to go see a docter.
ワツダネクスタッ（ｐ）
ハーロンダゼッテイク？
イツユオズイズネッ？
It is yours, isn't it?
アイハフタドゥマイベスッ
I have to do my best.
ハヴュベナセアロウ？
Have you been to Seattle?
アイウォズエイボラスウィム
I was able to swim.
ウィアダラーラスノウ
We had a lot of snow.
I shoud have bought a brand new computer.
ユースピーク ナロンリー ジェアパニーズ バローウソウ エングレッシュ
仕事切り上げて
How to Begin and End Email
Beginnings and endings are a challenge in most activities, but in email getting off to a good start and ending positively will strengthen the communication and increase understanding.
Start with a specific subject line.
Choose the better subject line in each pair below:
1. a. New Phones
b. New Phone Installation: Your Action Required
2. a. Update on Development of Sales Model
3. a. Summer newsletter
b. 10 Great Tips for Summer vacation
In number 1, the second choice conveys a sense of urgency and action, whereas the first choice falls flat. In 2, the longer title focuses the reader on which update the email is explaining. In 3, you don’t really have much choice. Who would take a?
Next comes the greeting.
Examples:
• Hi, Fred and Lauri.
• Hi, team.
• Greetings, everyone
• Good morning, Sayed. (If Sayed this message in the morning)
• Jian, we are looking forward to meeting you next week.
• To: Finance and Administration Team
• To all employees:
• David,
• Ruth, Mala and Felicia:
The last five examples must be on a separate line at the top of the message. All the others can be either a separate line or at the beginning of a paragraph.
Choose the greeting that matches your relationship with the reader(s) and the purpose of the message. “Hi” is friendly but too informal in certain situations—for example, in response to a request for a proposal. “Hello” is friendly and professional. “Hey”is too informal and slangy for most messages.
“To” followed by a pronoun like “all” or the name of a group sounds professional but does not convey warmth. Warmth is required in all messages, but please remember that you must always consider the position of the receiver.
Avoid gender-based greetings such as “Ladies.” Even if the group you are writing it is all women, some among them will object to this greeting.
Do not greet people whose name is included on the Cc line. Only greet people whose names are on the To line of the email.
The punctuation of greetings is a topic for discussion. All the punctuation used in the list above is correct. Some people use “Hi team” and “Hello Robin” without the comma, but traditional writers retain the comma. The reason is that these words are in “direct address.” When we directly address the reader, as in “Hi, team” (or in the example that begins with “Jian”) the name is separated from the other words by a comma.
“Dear Mr. Mathews” is followed by a colon in a business letter and in an email that replaces a business letter. However, it is also acceptable to use a comma after a
“Dear” greeting in a business email.
In a quick exchange of email with someone it is not necessary to continually greet your reader. Compare such an exchange with putting the person on hold on the telephone. When you return to the phone call, you say, “Thanks for holding. I have the information: rather than “Hi Laurie.”
The last sentence of an email is like the last words of a phone call. They may be a quick signoff or a courteous close, depending on the formality of the communication.
Examples:
• See you in Tokyo!
• Have a great trip!
• I will email you in August to schedule lunch.
• Please call me again with any questions
• Thanks again for all your help with the design.
• Thank you for your cooperation. We appreciate the opportunity to work with you.
Avoid continually using “Have a great day!” or similar expression as your closing sentence. It became meaningless with constant use and it is a bad fit with email that communicates a policy or serious announcement.
It is not wise to save a request for action or approval until the end of the message. Email readers do not read to the end of a message when they believe they have gotten the main point already.
A complimentary close—yes or no?
Business letters typicall end with phrases called “complimentary closes” such as “Sincerely yours,” “Best wishes,”and “Best regards.” A complimentary close is not required in email. However, business email often uses such a close to sound formal, look professional, or simply communicate courteously.
Examples:
• Sincerely,(the most formal of the list)
• Best regards, (professional)
• Warm regards, (professional and warm, as you would expect)
• Regards, (less friendly than the other 2 regards choices)
• With best wishes, (or) Best wishes, ( professional)
• With thanks, (professional and grateful)
• Ciao! (friendly and rather informal)
• Cheers, (friendly)
A word like “Greetings” does not belong in a close. It may be used in the last sentence, though, to greet others who might see the message:
• Please give our greetings to Dr. Carr
• Greetings to your colleagues in Systems Research
Although people frequently use “Thanks” as a close, it is not standard, and careful writers avoid it. Do not use “Thanks in advance” as a close, because many people find it presumptuous. Rather than “Thanks” or “Thanks in advance,” create a better sentence, such as “Thanks for considering my request.” Or use “With thanks” as a complimentary close followed by a comma.
Advice for those who receive less-than-perfect Email. You will sometimes receive email that is less than perfect, which means you might feel a bit offended by them. My advice to you on this is to get through them and leave them behind. Bring a bright smile to your face and a kind tone to your email reply. Forgive those whose writing was clumsy, abrupt, or annoying. They were merely experiencing moments of being human and imperfect.
http://anond.hatelabo.jp/20100621194920
Firstly let me congratulate your acquisition of a PhD. You have done something that most of us never can.
Considering how successful you are in academia, I believe some people were jealous and picked on your Japanese accents and unsociable sides. I can't blame them, however, to think how daring your feat seemed to them. Let alone receiving a PhD, a good number of us can't even hope to receive a bachelor's degree, not even in our dreams.
And doing so in a foreign country? In a foreign language? That's beyond our imagination.
You have climbed a peak that many others have failed.
If you are still unsure about your sense of humor and accents, maybe you should spend some time traveling and having fun: Normally dry sober days of studying does not improve your communication skills much.
Just have some fun with friends and you will pick up their accents eventually. The rest will be easy.
現実問題として語学の習得に掛かる時間は相当なものでしょうね。
大体人間が普段使う単語数は２５ｋ前後と聞きましたが、教養のある人はこれが４０K以上になる筈です。一単語につき意味は一つではありませんから、一つの言語の完璧な習得に必要な時間は、莫大なものとなります。
私の体感では、才能のない人が大人成ってから始めれば、フルタイムで８年から１２年でしょうか（音楽なんかやってる人は早いみたいですよ。あと話し好きの方）？
英語は確かに必要なんですが、習得に必要とされるリソースの量に対して、リターンが微妙なのは事実です。私は勉強しなかった方ですが、それでも「今まで英語に使ったリソースを全て他の分野に投資出来ていたら、人生ここまで酷く成ってないかなぁ～」と思うことは多々有ります。
一部の人達の間に英語学習を万能薬のように扱う傾向があるようですが、現実に十分な量のリソースを学習に使えない（金銭的、時間的、環境的、或いは精神的理由から）私達の様な人間にとって「英語は勉強しても（自分の英語力が）リターンが発生する閾値に到達しないので、時間とお金の無駄」なんですよね・・・。
子供は６歳前後から[b]ある一定以上の時間、品質の良い英語教育[/b]を施せば、おそらくは違和感なくバイリンガルになるでしょうが、現実には費用と人材の欠如が深刻で、日本でその様な教育を受けられる子供は殆どいません。またそのような教育制度の導入に必要な金額、現在教職についておられる方々の抵抗を考えるに、公立の学校でのサービスの提供は不可能でしょう。
グローバル化に適応するためには英語は確かに絶対必要なんですが、「明らかに習得が（諸々の事情から）出来ないであろう人達に英語学習を勧めるのは国の長期戦略としては正しくでも、短期的には彼らをWORKING POOR ならぬ LEARNING TO BE POORしてしまう可能性は十分あるので、もっと英語学習を勧めるだけではなく、リスクの説明がなされるべきなのかもしれません。
This is a guide for foreign people who want to make money without difficulty.
Now, families will begin receiving about 130 US dollars monthly allowance for every child of junior high school age or younger. From next year, families will get about 260 US dollars month by month. That is to say, if you have 100 children, you can receive about 260,000 US dollar every month. Even adopted children are OK. The only things you need are your certificate of residence in Japan and your children's translated certificates of residence in any countries. Japanese citizenship is not needed. There is no number of children limit.
The Child Allowance is a concrete form of the Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama's idealistic theory. He puts emphasis on the spirit of friendship. Thus, you don't need to hesitate to receive. Welcome to Japan.
You can receive about 130 US dollars monthly allowance for every child of junior high school age or younger.
No, there is no limit.
All you have to do is to stay in Japan.
Legally, there is no obvious distinction between biological children and adopted children.
Even if your children live in abroad, you can receive the Child Allowance.
He or she will receive 1.56 million US dollars. From next year, about 3.12 million US dollars will be paid.
The source is a tax which Japanese people pay.
My intention is to make the idiocy of the Child Allowance known all over the world. Now, fool politicians reign over Japan.
『ザ・コーヴ』狂想曲 海外メディア・関係者・監督を直撃！（後編）
http://www.cyzo.com/2010/03/post_4071.html
の一部を英訳したよ★！
あとは頼んだぜ！
^^^^^^^^^^^^
== What was the production intention of the movie?
I wanted to change the world.
It's not just a movie to pay $10 and have fun.
Both dolphins and Japanese will be happy with this.
== You don't eat dolphins. But how about other creatures like fish ?
There was a time I did not eat them.
But, without meat my body lack energy.
So, I now eat some.
== Don't you need to eat fish and animal to gain energy ?
I mainly eat small and short living fish like sardine.
It's in the bottom of the food chain.
Long living fish contains liquid silver.
== I am not asking about the liquid silver problem. I am asking about the need to eat animal and fish, and the food culture.
Ideally speaking, I would like to be a vegetarian.
But I do not have that strong will.
(snip.)
== You say that killing dolphins are cruel. Don't you eat cows and pigs ?
In '86, I went to the slaughterhouse, and after that I could not eat cows and pigs.
I do not ask my wife and kids to stop eating them, and I do not ask Japanese to stop eating them too.
== Does that mean that you stopped eating not because it is cruel, but it makes you feel sick ?
I am a vegetarian. I do not eat animals that walk.
(snip.)
== In your movie, you keep telling that the Japanese government hides information about liquid silver. But the Health, Labour and Welfare Ministry of Japan has the data about 60 types of fish out into the open.
It also saids that it could have influence to expectant mother.
It was repored by the news, and was much discussed.
But I do not trust that numerical value.
In our research, the numbers are much higher.
== I am not talking about the numbers. I am asking about the description, hiding, that you are repeatedly using in your film.
The government releases the data, but on the net, people will not see it, and the numbers are not correct.
(snip.)
== You entered into a restricted area for filming. And you also did a secret filming while you talked with the police. Don't you have a law-abiding spirit ?
If I secretly film the savagery in Auschwitz, will I be blamed ?
== I am not talking about Auschwitz. I am talking about Ohtacho.
I think it's in the same range.
Many people must know this.
(snip.)
Original Story : The Cove madness (Written in japanese)
http://news020.blog13.fc2.com/blog-entry-339.html
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Wonder why he didn't go to Europe for filming.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LU640t7VjK8
Canada's Seal Slaughter
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D2dYNLwtRkc
どこの話なんだろうか？
「Kim Yu-Na」で検索して昨日のことに関するいくつかの記事を探した。次の四つの記事を見つけた。
しかし一番目のサイトでふれられているぐらい。
But at least one veteran skater, former Canadian medallist Elvis Stojko, suggested that Kim's marks were too high. He noted that Asada had successfully landed a triple Axel - she's the only woman who executes them regularly in competition - and got fewer marks than Kim's easier triple Lutz.
The argument is similar to the one over whether American Evan Lysacek should have won the gold medal without having landed a quad like his competitor Evgeni Plushenko.
"Yu-Na Kim is way too far ahead. I don't agree with that," said Stojko. "She skated great. Don't get me wrong, she's awesome. But for Mao to do an awesome triple Axel like that, a triple [Axel] is worth way more than a triple Lutz, triple toe."
http://www.ctvolympics.ca/figure-skating/news/newsid=50985.html
でもコメントでは批判されている。
Stojko is WRONG again! I can't believe how he's embarassing himself with his commentary. Asada's triple Axel-double toe combo is worth LESS than Kim's triple Lutz-triple toe combo. In fact for the GOE(Grade of Execution), Asada only received .60 extra for ther opening combo last night whereas Kim received 2.00 bonus for her's.
triple axel itself does have higher score than triple lutz, but Mao combined it with double toe loop while Yuna Kim's combination was triple-triple. And she executed it way better than anyone else. Just doing one difficult jump doesn't make a great skater. How you do it also matters. Yuna Kim's program is higher difficulty overall, therefore has higher basic score than anyone else's program. And she got higher execution mark for the quality. If Stojko wants to see more jump, he can go to Cirque du soleil. Stop insulting a quality program and great effort of other athlets.
hohoho323
まじめに全部読んだ訳じゃないから絶対という訳ではないけど、コメント欄でStojkoの意見に賛成する人はいなかったはず。他の記事では不当に得点が高いと書かれていなかったはず。
ただ外国の２ちゃんねるのようなところでは違うかもしれないと思って、4chanを見てみたのだが全く話題になっていなかった。そこでずばり「Kim Yu-Na bribe（＝賄賂）」でググってみた。で、見つけたのがこれ。
Korean newspapers report on the internet proxy wars that are going on between Japan and Korea, through Kim Yuna and Asada Mao.
http://www.newdaily.co.kr/html.....41244.html
http://news.chosun.com/site/da.....p;Dep3=top
These describe how Japanese netizens are behaving. Some were noted for their wishing and rambling “fall fall, roll over, fall fall, trip and fall and roll over” during Kim Yuna’s performance. Once Kim’s score was announced, the Japanese internet sites exploded with comments of Koreans bribing the judges and buying the competition. The report in Chosun’s article noted how Korean netizens were taking the high road.
This is why I don’t watch nor care about this sports. Not only is it boring to watch, the overt nationalism on both sides of the sea dirties up the sports.
http://www.rjkoehler.com/2010/02/24/kim-yu-na-scores-world-record/
どちらかというと日本のネチズンを批判するもの。まぁ、韓国系のブログだから不正採点とか騒いでいる人たちには意味がないけど。日本系のだと見つからなかったけど、去年のものがあってそれが興味深かった。去年というか半年ぐらい前にもあったのかという点に驚き。２ちゃんねるも知ってるブログなのだけど、コメント欄ではあきれられてる。
I must agree with you that some of the feuds between Korea/Japan/China indeed stem out of pure hatred and unjustified bias, resulting in posting videos like this that are obviously made of 100% malicious intent.
fracturedcow
Nationalism is a form of brain damage.
William George
個人的には日本の一部のネチズンが世界的に迷惑をかけて申し訳ないと感じる。
キムヨナの不正が疑われているってどこの話なの。
すごい質問のオンパレード
Has the Beneficiary/Applicant ever withheld custody of a U.S. citizen child outside the United States from a person granted legal custody by a U.S. court, voted in the United States in violation of any law or regulation or renounced U.S. citizenship for the purpose of avoiding taxation?
Is the Beneficiary/Applicant now or has he/she ever been a member of, or in any way connected or associated with the Communist Party, or ever knowingly aided or supported the communist party directly, or indirectly through another organization, group or person, or ever advocated, taught, believed in, or knowingly supported or furthered the interests of communism?
Did Beneficiary/Applicant, between March 23, 1933 and May 8, 1945, in association with either the Nazi Government of Germany, either order, incite, assist or otherwise participate in the persecution of any person because of race, religion, national origin or political opinion?
Has the Beneficiary/Applicant ever left the United States to avoid being drafted into the U.S. Armed Forces?
兵役逃れwwwwwはよくないね
Does the Beneficiary/Applicant plan to practice polygamy in the U.S.?
一夫多妻制ってどこかでやってるんですか？
Has the Beneficiary/Applicant within the past ten years been a prostitute or procured anyone for prostitution, or intend to engage in such activities in the future?
Has the Beneficiary/Applicant ever knowingly encouraged, induced, assisted, abetted or aided any alien to try to enter the U.S. illegally?
国境越え！
Has the Beneficiary/Applicant ever illicitly trafficked in any controlled substance, or knowingly assisted, abetted or colluded in the illicit trafficking of any controlled substance?
人身売買もだめです。当然。
Has Beneficiary/Applicant ever engaged in any unlawful commercialized vice, including, but not limited to, illegal gambling?
Does the Beneficiary/Applicant intend to engage in espionage in the U.S.?
スパイ！
http://www.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/sj/20100125/206958/?P=5
http://blog.goo.ne.jp/jyoshige/e/6d0713908f0e40daa4b0497d3d250eba
http://benli.cocolog-nifty.com/la_causette/2010/01/post-abc5.html
戦いの発端は森永<.strong>氏。氏曰く「実は日本は雇用の厳格性はそれほど高くねーよ。根拠？OECDの統計だよ！」
OECD（経済協力開発機構）では、労働者保護に関する「雇用保護の厳格性」という数字を公表している。それによると、正社員のみと正社員＋非正社員のそれぞれについて、主な先進国は次のような数字になっている。数字が大きければ大きいほど雇用保護が手厚いことを示している。
OECD（経済協力開発機構）による各国の「雇用保護の厳格性」
国 正社員のみ 正社員＋非正社員 米国 0.17 0.21 イギリス 1.12 0.75 デンマーク 1.63 1.50 日本 1.87 1.43 フランス 2.47 3.05 オランダ 2.72 1.95 ドイツ 3.00 2.12 引用元のサイトを見るとわかるが、米国がもっとも解雇が容易で、欧州は一般的に解雇が難しく、日本はその中間という感じである。フランス、オランダ、ドイツは、日本よりもずっと雇用が保護されているが、それでも経済がまわっていて、GDPもそこそこ稼いでいるわけだ。
これに城氏が噛み付く。氏曰く「『雇用保護の厳格性』っつうのは文字通りに解釈できねーよ！」
この「雇用保護の厳格性」（Strictness of employment protection）を文字通りに
受け取ってはならない。
以前も述べたとおり、この数値は以下の3つの指標を総合したものだ。
１． 手続きの不便さ
３． 解雇の難しさ
http://blog.goo.ne.jp/jyoshige/e/6d0713908f0e40daa4b0497d3d250eba
この発言に小倉氏が噛み付く。氏曰く「お前の定義と違ってるよ。嘘つくなよ、ぼけなす！」
OECDによれば、この指標は、
(1)Individual dismissal of workers with regular contracts
(2)Additional costs for collective dismissals
(3)Regulation of temporary contracts
の３つのサブ指標を総合したものとされています。あれ、既に城さんの解説は、OECDのものと異なっているようです。
http://benli.cocolog-nifty.com/la_causette/2010/01/post-abc5.html
ぱっと見ると城氏が間違っているように見える。しかし個人的に気になったのは http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=EPL_R の「time series」のところで「Version 1」と「Version 3」が選択できること。それで調べてみたんだが、間違っているのは、森永氏と小倉氏のようだ。二人は指標を明らかに理解していない。城氏も悪い点があるが、それは過失といったところだろう。
データの解説が次のPDFファイルにある（http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/24/40/42740190.pdf）。これのP.5に図があるのでこれがわかりやすい。これによるといくつかのレベルに分かれているようだ。トップレベルの指標は「overall summary indicator」で、「包括的な指標」ということだろう。これはレベル2の指標の「Regular contracts」「Temporary contracts」「collective dismissals」に分かれる。いってみればそれぞれ「正社員にかんする指標」「非正規社員に関する指標」「大規模なリストラに関する指標」ということだろう。「Resular contracts」のデータが http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=EPL_R で、「Temporaray contracts」のデータが http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=EPL_T 、「collective dismissals」のデータが http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=EPL_CD だ。
ここまでの説明で、森永氏は間違っているといえる。森永氏は「雇用保護の厳格性」は「正社員」と「正社員＋非正社員」で指標が出されているとしている。しかし「Strictness of employment protection」は正社員等の種別に出されている訳ではない。「Regular contracts」「Temporary contracts」は「Strictness of employment protection」の構成要素なのである。また「正社員＋非正社員」という指標があるとするのも間違いだ。そんな指標はない。「Strictness of employment protection」は「collective dismissals」の指標も含んでいるからだ。
森永氏の間違いを説明したので、指標の説明を再開する。レベル2の指標である「Resgular contracts」についてはさらにレベル3の指標「Procedural inconveniencdes」「Notice and severance pya for no-fault individual dismissals」「Difficulty of dismissal」で構成される。これが城氏がいう
だろう。また「Temporary contracts」はレベル3の指標「Fixed term contracts」「Temporaray work agency employment」で構成される。「Collective dismissals」についてはレベル3の指標がない。そしてレベル3の各指標は一番レベルの低いレベル4の21の指標から算出される。指標に関する説明は以上だ。
次に実際の指標を見ていこう。レベル1とレベル2の指標についてはHTMLで公開されているので省略し、問題となる「Difficulty of dismissal」をExcelファイルから探そう。「Difficulty of dismissal」はレベル3なので、「Level 3 Sub-components」というシートを開こう。すると「REGULAR1」などの指標がある。「Read Me」というシートに
| Variable | Description | Data availability |
| REGULAR1 | Procedural inconveniences of individual dismissal of employees on regular contracts - calculated as unweighted average of items REG1 and REG2 | 1985-2008 |
| REGULAR2 | Notice and severance pay for no-fault individual dismissal - weighted sum of items REG3A, REG3B, REG3C, REG4A, REG4B, REG4C | 1985-2008 |
| REGULAR3_v1 | Difficulty of dismissal - calculated as unweighted average of items REG5, REG6, REG7, REG8 | 1985-2008 |
| REGULAR3_v3 | Difficulty of dismissal - calculated as unweighted average of items REG5, REG6, REG7, REG8, REG9 | 2008 |
| TEMPORARY1 | Fixed-term contracts - calculated as weighted sum of items FTC1, FTC2, FTC3 | 1985-2008 |
|TEMPORARY2_v1|Temporary work agency employment - calculated as weighted sum of items TWA1, TWA2, TWA3 1985-2008
| TEMPORARY2_v3 | Temporary work agency employment - calculated as weighted sum of items TWA1, TWA2, TWA3, TWA4, TWA5 | 2008 |
という指標があるので、「Difficulty of dismissal」は「REGULAR3_v1」か「REGULAR3_v3」ということになる。これは算出方法のVersionの違いなのだが、そろそろ説明が面倒になってきたのでソースをそのままのせる。
Version 1 is an unweighted average of the sub-indicators for regular and temporary contracts. The indicator for regular contracts does not include item 9 (maximum to make a claim of unfair dismissal) and the indicator for temporary contracts does not include items 16 (authorisation and reporting requirements for TWAs) and 17 (equal treatment for TWA workers). Annual time series data are available for version 1 of the indicator from 1985-2008 from www.oecd.org/employment/protection.
Version 2 is the weighted sum of the sub-indicators for regular and temporary contracts and collective dismissals. The indicators for regular and temporary contracts are the same as for version 1. Annual time series data are available for version 2 of the indicator from 1998-2008 from www.oecd.org/employment/protection.
Version 3 of the overall summary indicator incorporates three new data items collected for the first time in 2008 (items 9, 16 and 17) and is the main indicator of employment protection used in the paper. Data for version 3 are available for 2008 from www.oecd.org/employment/protection. However, it is impracticable to accurately collect information about the new items prior to 2008.
(P.4)
この説明で「REGULAR3_v3」を見るのがよいことがわかる。簡単にいえばVersion 1では入っていない要素（「Difficulty of dismissal」だと「Maximum time for claim」）があるからだ。これによれば日本はOECDでは一番解雇が難しいことがわかる。日本は3.80であり、これより高いのは中国、インド、インドネシアだけだからだ。
ここまでの説明で、小倉氏が間違っていることが明らかになった。「解雇の難しさ」に関する指標はちゃんとあり、日本はOECDでは一番高い数値が出ている。それなりにソースを読んでいるようなので、高い確率で小倉氏は「Strictness of employment protection」という指標を理解していないと考えられる。レベルの階層や算出方法のVersionがあることも理解していないように見受けられる。
以上で森永氏と小倉氏の間違いを指摘したが、城氏にも悪い点がないとはいえない。説明を省き過ぎだろう。レベル1, 2だけでなく、レベル3の指標のランキングを押さえていることから見て、城氏は正確に指標を理解していると考えられる。しかし説明を省きすぎ、その結果記述が誤っているかのように見えている。その結果小倉氏の勘違いにつながったのだと考えられる。
結論：指標を見るときは指標の説明をちゃんと読もうね。おじさんとの約束だよ。
【目的】
「日本語読んでたはずなのに、いつの間にか英語読んでた！」というのが理想。
TEDから文章だけでも内容が伝わるダニエル・ピンクのプレゼンを引っ張って来たのですが、実験的にやるにしては少し内容が堅く、マテリアル選択を誤った気がしなくもありませんｗ
http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/jpn/dan_pink_on_motivation.html
めちゃ長いですが、LanguageがTransformする過程を味わって頂ければと思います。
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最初に告白させてください。20年ほど前にしたあることを私は後悔しています。あまり自慢できないようなことをしてしまいました。誰にも知られたくないと思うようなことです。それでも明かさなければならないと感じています(ざわざわ)。1980年代の後半に私は若気の至りからロースクールlaw schoolに行ったのです(笑)。
In America, 法律は専門職学位です。まずuniversityを出て、それからlaw schoolへ行きます。law schoolで私はあまり成績が芳しくありませんでした。控えめに言ってもあまり良くなく、上位90パーセント以内という成績で卒業graduateしました(笑)。どうもlaw関係の仕事はしたことがありません。やらせてallowed toもらえなかったというべきかも (笑)。
But today, betterではないことだとは思いつつ、wifeの忠告にも反しながら、このlegal skillsを再び引っ張り出すことにしました。今日はstoryはtellしません。主張caseを立証します。合理的で証拠evidenceに基づいた法廷におけるような論証で、how we run our businessesを再考してみたいと思います。
陪審員juryの皆さん, take a look at this。This is called 「ロウソクの問題」。ご存じの方もいるかもしれません。1945年にKarl Dunckerという心理学者psychologistがこの実験experimentを考案し、様々な行動scienceのexperimentで用いました。ご説明しましょう。私が実験者だとします。私はあなた方を部屋に入れてcandleと画鋲thumbtackとマッチmatchesを渡します。そしてこう言います。「テーブルtableに蝋waxがたれないようにcandleを壁wallに取り付けattachしてください。」Now what would you do?
Many peopleはthumbtackでcandleをwallに留めようとします。でもうまくいきません。あそこで手真似をしている人がいましたが、matchの火でcandleを溶かしてwallにくっつけるというideaを思いつく人もいます。いいideaですがうまくいきません。After five or 10 minutes, most peopleは解決法を見つけます。このようにすればいいのです。Keyになるのは「機能的固着functional fixedness」を乗り越えるovercomeするということです。最初、あのboxを見て、単なる画鋲の入れ物だと思うでしょうが、それは別な使い方をすることもできます。candleの台platformになるのです。これがcandle problemです。
次にSam Glucksbergというscientistが、このcandle problemを使って行ったexperimentをご紹介します。彼は現在Princeton Universityにいます。この実験でthe power of incentivesがわかります。彼は参加者participantsを集めてこう言いました。「this problemをどれくらい早く解けるsolveできるか時計で計ります。」そしてone groupにはthis sort of problemを解くのに一般にどれくらい時間がかかるのかaverage時間を知りたいのだと言います。もう1つのgroupには報酬rewardsを提示します。「上位25percentの人には5dollarsお渡しします。fastestになった人は20dollarsです。」Now this is several years ago。物価上昇inflationを考慮に入れればa few minutes of workでもらえるmoneyとしては悪くありません。十分なmotivatorになります。
このグループはどれくらい早く問題を解けたのでしょう？答えはon average, 3分半余計に時間がかかりました。Three and a half minutes longer。そんなのおかしいですよね？I'm an American。I believe in 自由市場。そんな風になるわけがありません(笑)。If you want people to perform better, 報酬を出せばいい。Bonuses, commissions, あるいは何であれ、incentiveを与えるのです。That's how business works。しかしここでは結果が違いました。Thinkingが鋭くなり、creativityが加速されるようにと、incentiveを用意したのに、結果はoppositeになりました。思考は鈍く、creativityは阻害されたのです。
この実験experimentがinterestingなのは、それが例外aberrationではないということです。この結果は何度も何度もfor nearly 40 years 再現replicateされてきたのです。この成功報酬的な動機付けmotivators―If Then式に「これをしたらこれが貰える」というやり方は、in some circumstancesでは機能します。しかし多くのtasksではうまくいかず、時には害harmにすらなります。これはsocial scienceにおける最も確固robustとした発見findingsの1つです。そして最も無視ignoreされている発見でもあります。
私はthe last couple of years, human motivationの科学に注目してきました。特に外的動機付けextrinsic motivatorsと内的動機付けintrinsic motivatorsのdynamicsについてです。大きな違いがあります。If you look at これ、scienceが解明したこととbusinessで行われていることにmismatchがあるのがわかります。business operating system、つまりビジネスの背後にある前提assumptionsや手順においては、how we motivate people、どう人を割り当てるかという問題は、もっぱらextrinsic motivators(アメとムチ)にたよっています。That's actually fine for many kinds of 20th century tasks。But for 21st century tasks, 機械的mechanisticなご褒美と罰reward-and-punishmentというapproachは機能せず、うまくいかないか、害harmになるのです。Let me show you what I mean。
Glucksbergはこれと似たanother experimentもしました。このように若干違ったslightly differentな形で問題を提示したのです。Tableにwaxがたれないようにcandleを壁にattachしてください。条件は同じ。あなたたちは平均時間を計ります。あなたたちにはincentiveを与えます。What happened this time？今回はincentivizedグループの方が断然勝ちました。Why？箱に画鋲が入っていなかったから。it's pretty easy isn't it?(「サルでもわかる」ロウソクの問題) (笑)
If-then rewards work really well for those sorts of tasks。Simpleなルールとclearな答えがある場合です。Rewardsというのはfocusを狭めmindを集中させるものです。That's why報酬が機能する場合が多い。だからこのような狭い視野で目の前にあるゴールをまっすぐ見ていればよい場合にはthey work really well。But for the real candle problem, そのような見方をしているわけにはいきません。The solutionが目の前に転がってはいないからです。周りを見回す必要があります。Rewardはfocusを狭め、私たちの可能性possibilityを限定restrictしてしまうのです。
Let me tell you why this is so important。In western Europe, in many parts of Asia, in North America, in Australia, white collarの仕事にはthis kind of workは少なく、このような種類の仕事が増えています。That routine, rule-based, left brain work, certain kinds of accounting, certain kinds of financial analysis, certain kinds of computer programingは 簡単にアウトソースできます。簡単にautomateできます。Softwareのほうが早くできます。世界中にLow-cost providersがいます。だから重要になるのはthe more right-brained creative, conceptual kinds of abilitiesです。
Your own workを考えてみてください。Youが直面faceしている問題は、あるいはweがここで議論しているようなproblemsは、こちらのkindでしょうか？A clear set of rules, and a single solutionがあるような？そうではないでしょう。ルールはあいまいで、答えはそもそも存在するとしての話ですが、驚くようなsurprisingものであり、けっして自明obviousではありません。Everybody in this room is dealing with their own version of the candle problem。And for candle problems of any kind, in any field, if-then rewardsは機能しないのです。企業の多くはそうしていますが。
Now, これにはcrazyになりそうです。どういうことかというと、これはfeelingではありません。私は法律家lawyerです。Feelingsなんて信じません。This is not a 哲学philosophy。I'm an American。Philosophyなんて信じません(笑)。This is a fact。私が住んでいるWashington D.C.でよく使われる言い方をするとtrue factです(笑)。(拍手)Let me give you an example of what I mean。Evidenceの品を提示します。Iはstoryをtellしているのではありません。I'm making a 立証。
Ladies and gentlemen of the 陪審員, 証拠を提示します: Dan Ariely, one of the great economists of our time, Heは3人の仲間とともにsome MIT studentsを対象に実験studyを行いました。These MIT studentsにたくさんのgamesを与えます。Creativity, and 運動能力motor skills, and concentrationが要求されるようなゲームです。そして成績に対するthree levels of rewardsを用意しました。Small reward, medium reward, large reward。Okay？非常にいい成績なら全額、いい成績なら半分の報酬がもらえます。What happened？「As long as the task involved only mechanical skill、bonusesは期待通りに機能し、報酬が大きいほどパフォーマンスが良くなった。 しかし、cognitive skillが多少とも要求されるタスクになると、larger rewardはより低い成績をもたらした。」
Then they said,「cultural biasがあるのかもしれない。Indiaのマドゥライで試してみよう。」In Madurai, Standard of livingが低いので、North Americaではたいしたことのないrewardが 大きな意味を持ちます。実験の条件はSameです。A bunch of games, three levels of rewards. What happens? medium level of rewardsを提示された人たちは small rewardsの人たちと成績が変わりませんでした。But this time, people offered the highest rewards, they did the worst of all。「In eight of the nine tasks we examined across 3回の実験, よりhigherインセンティブがworse成績という結果となった。」
これはおなじみの感覚的なsocialistの陰謀conspiracyなのでしょうか？No. Theyはeconomists from MIT, from Carnegie Mellon, from the University of Chicagoです。And do you know who sponsored this research? FRBです。これはまさにAmerican experienceなのです。
Let's go across the pond to the London School of Economics。11人のNobel 受賞者 in economicsを輩出しています。Greatな経済の頭脳がここで学んでいます。George Soros, and Friedrich Hayek, and Mick Jagger(笑)。Last month, just last month, economists at LSE looked at 51 studies of 成果主義 plans, inside of companies。彼らの結論は「We find that 金銭的なインセンティブ can result in a negative impact on 全体的なパフォーマンス.」ということでした。
There is a 食い違い between what 科学 knows and what ビジネス does. And what worries me, as この潰れた経済の瓦礫の中に立って, is that あまりに多くの組織 are making their decisions, their policies about 人や才能, based on assumptions that are 時代遅れ, 検証されていない, and rooted more in 神話 than in 科学. this 経済の窮地からget out ofと思うなら 21st century的な答えのないtasksで high performanceを出そうと思うのなら、wrong thingsを これ以上続けるのはやめるべきです. To 誘惑 people with a sweeter carrot, or 脅す them with a 鋭いムチ. まったく新しいアプローチが必要なのです.
And the いいニュース about all of this is that scientistsが新しいapproachを示してくれているということです. It's an approach built much more around 内的な motivation. Around the desire to do things because they matter, because we 好き it, because they're 面白い, because they are 何か重要なことの一部. And to my mind, that new operating system for our businesses revolves around three elements: 自主性、成長、目的. 自主性, the 欲求 to 方向 our own lives. 成長, the desire to get better and better at 何か大切なこと. 目的, the 切望 to do what we do in the service of 大きな何か than ourselves. これらがour businessesのentirely new operating systemの要素なのです.
I want to talk today only about 自主性. In the 20th 世紀, we came up with this idea of マネジメント. Management did not 自然に生じた. Management is like -- it's not a 木. It's a テレビ. Okay? Somebody 発明した it. And it doesn't mean it's going to work 永久に. Management is great. 服従を望むなら, Traditional notions of management are ふさわしい. しかし参加を望むなら, 自主性 works better.
Let me give you some 例 of some kind of 過激なnotions of 自主性. What this means -- あまり多くはありませんが 、非常に面白いことが起きています. Because what it means is paying people 適切に and 公正に, 間違いなく. Getting お金の問題 off the table. And then giving people 大きな自主性. Let me give you 具体的な例.
How many of you ご存じ of the 会社 Atlassian? 半分もいない感じですね(笑). Atlassian is an オーストラリアのソフトウェア会社. And they do すごくクールなこと. A few times a year they tell their エンジニア, "これから24時間何をやってもいい, as long as it's not part of your regular job. Work on 好きなことを何でも" So that エンジニア use this time to come up with a cool 継ぎ接ぎ for code, come up with an エレガントなハック. Then they 何を作ったのか見せる to their teammates, to the rest of the company, in 雑然とした全員参加の会合 at the end of the day. And then, オーストラリアですから, everybody has a ビール.
They call them 「FedExの日」. Why? Because you 何かを一晩で送り届けなければならない. It's 素敵. It's not bad. It's a huge 商標権 侵害. But it's pretty clever. (Laughter) That one day of 集中的な自主活動 has produced 多数の software 修正 that might never have existed.
And it's worked so well that Atlassian has taken it to 次のレベル with 20 Percent Time. Googleがやっていることで有名ですね.Where エンジニア can work, spend 20 percent of their time working on anything they want. They have 自主性 over their time, their task, their team, their 技術. Okay? Radical amounts of 自主性, And at Google, as many of you know, 新製品の半分近く in a typical year are 生まれています during that 20 Percent Time. Things like Gmail, Orkut, Google News.
Let me give you an even more 過激な example of it. Something called 「完全結果志向の職場環境」. The ROWE(Results Only Work Environment). Created by two American コンサルタント, in place at about a dozen companies around 北アメリカ. In a ROWE people don't have スケジュール. They show up 好きなときに. They don't have to be in the office 特定の時間に, or any time. They just have to 仕事を成し遂げる. How they do it, when they do it, where they do it, is totally up to them. ミーティング in these kinds of environments are オプショナル.
What happens? ほとんどの場合, productivity goes up, 雇用期間 goes up, 社員満足度 goes up, 離職率 goes down. 自主性Autonomy, 成長mastery and 目的purpose, These are the 構成要素 of a new way of doing things. Now some of you might look at this and say, "Hmm, 結構だけど、it's 夢物語." And I say, "Nope. I have 証拠."
The mid 1990s, Microsoft started an 百科事典encyclopedia called Encarta. They had deployed all the right インセンティブ. All the right incentives. They paid プロ to write and edit 何千という記事. たっぷり報酬をもらっている managers oversaw the whole thing to make sure it came in on budget and on time. 何年か後に another encyclopedia got started. 別なモデル, right? Do it for 楽しみ. No one gets paid a cent, or a Euro or a Yen. Do it because you 好き to do it.
ほんの10年前に, if you had gone to an 経済学者, anywhere, And said, "Hey, I've got 百科事典を作る2つのモデル. 対決したら, who would win?" 10 years ago you could not have found a single まともな経済学者 anywhere on planet Earth, who would have predicted the Wikipediaのモデル.
This is the 大きな battle between these two approaches. This is モチベーションにおけるアリ vs フレージャー戦. Right? This is 伝説のマニラ決戦. Alright? 内的な motivators versus 外的な motivators. Autonomy, mastery and purpose, versus アメとムチcarrot and sticks. And who wins? Intrinsic motivation, autonomy, mastery and purposeが ノックアウト勝利します.まとめましょう.
There is a 食い違い between what science knows and what business does. And here is what science knows. One: Those 20th century rewards, those motivators we think are a 当然 part of business, do work, but only in a surprisingly narrow band of circumstances. Two: Those if-then rewards often 損なう creativity. Three: The 秘訣 to high performance isn't rewards and punishments, but that 見えない intrinsic drive. The drive to do things 自分自身のため. The drive to do things それが重要なことだから.
And here's the best part. Here's the best part. We already know this. The science confirms what we know in our hearts. So, if we repair this mismatch between what science knows and what business does, If we bring our motivation, notions of motivation into the 21st century, if we get past this lazy, dangerous, ideology of carrots and sticks, we can strengthen our businesses, we can solve a lot of those candle problems, and maybe, maybe, maybe we can change the world. I rest my 立証。
I have been working on a programming language, also called Go, for the last 10 years.私は、プログラミング言語にも、移動と呼ばれ、過去10年間のために働いている。 There haveが存在して
been papers published on this and I have a book.された論文は、この上で公開され、私の本がある。
I would appreciate it if google changed the name of this language; as I do not want to have toもしGoogleがこの言語の名前を変更私はそれをお願い申し上げます。私にはしたくない
Comment 1 by dsymonds , Today (7 hours ago) コメント1 dsymondsで 、 今日（7時間前）
References?参考文献？
Comment 2 by fmccabe , Today (7 hours ago) コメント2 fmccabeで 、 今日（7時間前）
If you google (sic) francis mccabe go you will find some references.場合は（）を原文のままGoogleのフランシス、いくつかの参照を見つける行くマッケイブ。
I published the book on lulu.com私lulu.com上の本を出版
Comment 3 by reidellis , Today (4 hours ago) コメント3 reidellisで 、 今日（4時間前）
I think Mr McCabe's language is called "Go!".私は氏マッケイブの言語"と呼ばれてみろ！"。 Here's the Lulu link:ここでは、ルルのリンクです：
http://www.lulu.com/content/paperback-book/lets-go/641689 http://www.lulu.com/content/paperback-book/lets-go/641689
Comment 4 by niral.n95 , Today (3 hours ago) コメント4 niral.n95で 、 今日（3時間前）
reidellis: is right! reidellis：ですね！ its "Lets Go!"その"はLets Go！" or "Go!".や"ゴー！"。 This is google "go", "The Goこれは、"行くに"google、"移動されます
Programming Language" Bigg Difference.. :)プログラミング言語"Biggの違い..：）
Ps Anyone hearing the release of Google "go" would have picked up their book that psの誰""行っても本を手にしてはGoogleのリリース公聴会では
never sold and started finding the work "GO" and as they would find their 1st "GO"販売されなかったとの仕事"Go"を見つけることを始め、などに気づくような、その第一の"Go"
they wil go , Eureka!彼らはエウレカ行くウィル！ :) ：）
Comment 5 by fmccabe , Today (3 hours ago) コメント5 fmccabeで 、 今日（3時間前）
My language is called Go!.自分の言語へと呼ばれます！。 The book is called Let's Go!.本の行こうと呼ばれます！。
The issue is not whether or not Google's go will be well known.問題かどうかは、Googleの移動も呼ばれることもありません。 It is one of fairness.これは1つの公平性の一つです。
Comment 6 by zhenshe41 , Today (3 hours ago) コメント6 zhenshe41で 、 今日（3時間前）
In Go!行くで！ , can the IDE know the differences between Go!は、IDEへの違いを知ることができます！ and go ?行く？
Comment 9 by shirish4you , Today (2 hours ago) コメント9 shirish4youで 、 今日（2時間前）
ah...ああ... Google should change the name... Googleは、名前を変更する必要があります...
Comment 11 by spronkey , Today (2 hours ago) コメント11 spronkeyで 、 今日（2時間前）
Indeed they should.確かにそうあるべきだ。 Full support for you, Mr. McCabe.あなたのためのフルサポート、ミスターマッケイブ。 It's not that hard to findそれを見つけるために、ハードではない
references to your language online either - it was on the first page of Bing, secondあなたの言語のオンラインへの参照のいずれか-それはビンビンの最初のページに2番目だった
of Google for 'go programming language'. Googleの'のために行くのプログラミング言語'。
In fact, the title of the Google go tutorial page is even "Let's Go".実際には、Googleのタイトルのチュートリアルページに行っても"行こう"です。
It would be pretty poor for you folks Google to keep this name given your "do noそれはかなりあなたのための人々 、Googleはこの名が指定さを維持する貧困層になるお客様の"ありませんか
evil" slogan!悪"のスローガン！
Comment 12 by nofakesallowed , Today (2 hours ago) コメント12 nofakesallowed、 今日（2時間前 に ）
Google should totally change the name, fmccabe you should find a (cheap) lawyer just Googleの完全に、あなたは（安い）弁護士を見つける必要がありますだけfmccabeの名前を変更する必要があります
in case...場合には...
Google has deep pockets. Googleの深いポケットにしています。
Comment 13 by nofakesallowed , Today (2 hours ago) コメント13 nofakesallowed、 今日（2時間前 に ）
btw, what's up redditところで、どうしたのreddit
Comment 14 by alex.salkever , Today (2 hours ago) コメント14 alex.salkeverで 、 今日（2時間前）
fmcabe -- could you contact me at alex @ dailyfinance.com? fmcabe -あなたalex@dailyfinance.comで、私に連絡だろうか？ Might want to write a可能性のある記述する
little article about this.このことについて少し記事 Thanks.ありがとう。
Comment 16 by matthew.m.mckenzie , Today (2 hours ago) コメント16 matthew.m.mckenzieで 、 今日（2時間前）
google should change!グーグル変更してください！
Comment 17 by senthil.nayagam , Today (2 hours ago) コメント17 senthil.nayagamで 、 今日（2時間前）
maybe name it Goo or Foo多分グーかはFooという名前を付けます
Comment 18 by mail2ankitgupta , Today (119 minutes ago) コメント18 mail2ankitguptaで 、 今日（119分前）
A company claiming to capture world's info, missed it!!!同社は、世界の情報をキャプチャすると主張し、それを逃した！
Comment 19 by terence.stuart , Today (117 minutes ago) コメント19 terence.stuartで 、 今日（117分前）
Let the language with the most users keep its name.ほとんどのユーザーは、その名前のままにして言語をしましょう。
Er... Erを... That's not yours, is it?それは、あなたではないって？
Comment 20 by blair.briggs , Today (113 minutes ago) コメント20 blair.briggsで 、 今日（113分前）
Go, find a new name.移動し、新しい名前を探します。 ;) ;）
Comment 21 by josecamporro , Today (111 minutes ago) コメント21 josecamporroで 、 今日（111分前）
I agree with majority on this.私はこの上の部分に同意する。 Google should change the name of this language... Googleはこの言語の名前を変更する必要があります...
Francis McCab is right, Go!フランシスMcCabが正しいでGO！ and Go are not that different.と移動の違いはありませんです。 And he went first, public.彼は、公共の最初に行った。
Comment 22 by sebastian.krause , Today (104 minutes ago) コメント22 sebastian.krauseで 、 今日（104分前）
Google should consider a different name simply for the reason that "Go" is just a too Googleはその理由は、"移動"されに別の名前を検討する必要がありますだけでも
common word and it might eventually become difficult to google for references and一般的な単語と、最終的に参照するためにGoogleが困難になる可能性があります
examples about this language.この言語についての例です。 A somewhat more unique name can have its benefits.もう少しユニークな名前は、その利点を持つことができます。
Comment 23 by Afro.Systems , Today (95 minutes ago) コメント23 Afro.Systemsで 、 今日（95分前）
I think lango would be a great name and I am hereby to give away to google any私はランゴすばらしい名前だと思うと私は、ここから何かグーグルに与えるために午前
copyrights for the name.名の著作権。
Comment 24 by ismetdere , Today (94 minutes ago) コメント24 ismetdereで 、 今日（94分前）
Goo, whould be just fine.グー、されるだけで罰金whould。
Comment 25 by QrczakMK , Today (68 minutes ago) コメント25 QrczakMKで 、 今日（68分前）
Goo is already taken too, although it has been dead for a few years I think.ただし、それが思う数年前に死んだがグー、すでにも、撮影されます。
Comment 26 by zak.wilson , Today (68 minutes ago) コメント26 zak.wilsonで 、 今日（68分前）
Goo is the name of a Lisp dialect.具は、Lispの方言の名前です。
Comment 27 by daniel.kolman , Today (67 minutes ago) コメント27 daniel.kolmanで 、 今日（67分前）
Both Google and fmccabe should find a new name, "Go" is silly name for a programming Googleとfmccabe、"Go"をテコな名前にプログラミングされている新しい名前を見つける必要があります
language.言語。
Comment 28 by br...@silcon.com , Today (67 minutes ago) コメント28 brで... silcon.com @、 今日（67分前）
how about GOOP = Google Object Oriented Programming?方法については無神経な人= Googleのオブジェクト指向プログラミング？
mccabe- personally, I agree with you, but while you may be first, and you may beマッケイブ、個人的に、私はあなたと、しかし、中に最初にすることに同意し、することがあります
published, your issue title begs not to take you seriously regardless of your actual公開され、あなたの問題のタイトルを真剣にかかわらず、お客様の実際の場合を取らないように頼む
I do hope this is resolved in your favor though.私はあなたのおかげでも解決されてほしいですか。
Comment 29 by jwb.public , Today (66 minutes ago) コメント29 jwb.publicで 、 今日（66分前）
how about ogle?方法については色目を使う？
Comment 30 by srikumarks , Today (60 minutes ago) コメント30 srikumarksで 、 今日（60分前）
Given that is derives from Limbo, "Bo" would be short and sweet as well.つまり、辺獄から、"ボー"不足しているだろうと甘いだけでなく派生を考える。 They can alsoこれらのこともできます。
use "boroutines" :P "boroutines"：pを使用
Comment 31 by ismetdere , Today (57 minutes ago) コメント31 ismetdereで 、 今日（57分前）
Goo is gone too?具も行ったですか？ damn..気.. what about Goat?何ヤギは？
Comment 32 by killercore , Today (52 minutes ago) コメント32 killercoreで 、 今日（52分前）
I'd go for JAgo: Just Another go私JAgoのために行くだろう：ちょうど別のものへ
Comment 33 by jason.lee.quinn , Today (51 minutes ago) コメント33 jason.lee.quinnで 、 今日（51分前）
Goat Special Editionヤギスペシャルエディション
Comment 34 by nikola.tepper , Today (50 minutes ago) コメント34 nikola.tepperで 、 今日（50分前）
It is completely absurd to use name of an already existing language.それは完全に既存の言語の名前を使用するのはばかげている。 Hey Google,ちょっとGoogleは、
couldn't you, i don't know... 、私を知らない場合が...。 google it?とGoogleの？ Oh right, the name is so generic, that isそう、名ので、つまり、汎用的なもの
almost impossible to get relevant matches.ほとんどの関連性と一致を得ることは不可能。 If this language catches on, it'll be aこの言語にキャッチし、それになります
nightmare to search for problems and solutions.問題と解決策を検索する悪夢のような。
Comment 36 by jsykari , Today (40 minutes ago) コメント36 jsykariで 、 今日（40分前）
May I humbly suggest "go2"? 5私は謙虚に""go2いかがでしょう？
Even C++ got away with naming the language after an esoteric feature of C -- perhapsも、C + +の距離Cの難解な機能の後に、言語の名前付け規則だ-おそらく
naming a language after "goto" isn't that bad. "の後に、後藤は"悪くはない言語のネーミングになります。
Comment 37 by Linnsey , Today (38 minutes ago) コメント37 Linnseyで 、 今日（38分前）
There are so many hobby and specialist programming languages it'd be hard to find aあるので趣味や専門のプログラミング言語でそれを見つけることは難しいですね、多くの
name that's not taken.名は、撮影ではない。
Comment 39 by david.kitchen , Today (32 minutes ago) コメント39 david.kitchenで 、 今日（32分前）
@33 Disturbing but funny... @ 33不穏がおかしい... I can imagine the logo now: 3OE私は今のロゴを想像することができます：3OE
@34 Look at the dates of these things, it would appear that go started around the @これらのものの日程を34歳で見て、その周りを開始へ表示されます
same time that the book was being written (but Go! already existed).同じ時間には、図書（ただし、移動書かれていた！既に存在していた）。 I wouldn't be私ではない
surprised to learn that due diligence was done at the time but simply that since thenは、デューデリジェンスの時間でも行われていた知って驚く人は、単にそれ以来、
it just hadn't been revisited.それだけで再訪されていませんでした。
@36 http://xkcd.com/292/ @ 36 http://xkcd.com/292/
Comment 40 by patla073 , Today (31 minutes ago) コメント40 patla073で 、 今日（31分前）
Why not just name it Golang?理由だけではなく、それGolang名前は？
Erlang - "Ericsson Language"アーラン- "エリクソンの言語"
Golang - "Google Language" Golang - "Googleの言語"
Comment 41 by drc.uvic , Today (31 minutes ago) コメント41 drc.uvic、 今日（31分前 に ）
Does anyone use 'Go!'?誰'移動を使用しますか！'？ If yours is better, or has a decent user base then a name change might be the right thingもしあなたの優れているか、またはその名前の変更は正しいかもしれませんが、まともなユーザーベースを持って
to do.を行う。 If you're bringing it up for academic pride then I don't see why they should have to change anything.もし私はなぜ何も変更する必要がありますが表示されない学問の誇りをのために育てている。
Comment 42 by abouthors , Today (29 minutes ago) コメント42 abouthorsで 、 今日（29分前）
Jago is already taken by a program to play the game of go. Jago既に行くのゲームをプレイするためのプログラムによって行われる。
Comment 44 by charles.majola , Today (18 minutes ago) コメント44 charles.majolaで 、 今日（18分前）
This is issue 9 ......この問題は9 ...... Plan 9..... Plan 9の.....
Coincidence?偶然？
Comment 45 by tuxthelinuxdood , Today (14 minutes ago) コメント45 tuxthelinuxdoodで 、 今日（14分前）
It is obvious that Google employees did not research the name in terms of existingこれは、Google従業員の面では、名前を研究していない明らかにされ、既存の
languages before release.リリース前の言語。 In such a situation I believe Google is at fault and the nameこのような状況では私はGoogle断層の名前ではと考えています
should be changed.変更する必要があります。 I doubt it will happen but it to change it would be in line with "do私はそれが起こるとは思えませんが、それを行となる"を変更するか
no evil".邪悪な"。
Comment 46 by GeoffreyJ.Lee , Today (14 minutes ago) コメント46 GeoffreyJ.Leeで 、 今日（14分前）
How about "Google Go"?方法については"Googleの移動"？
Go2 is pretty clever though, so my vote is on that. Go2かなりかかわらず、僕の投票をするには利口だ。
Comment 47 by roblesjm , Today (9 minutes ago) コメント47 roblesjmで 、 今日（9分前）
Google always releases new products with the prefix "Google". Googleでは常に接頭辞"Googleとの"新製品をリリースします。 In this case, I don'tこの場合、私はしないでください
know if Google want release a new product or make an Alliance like Android.知っている場合、Googleは新製品をリリースしたい、またはするアライアンスのAndroidのような。
In the first case, I would use "GoogleC".最初のケースで、私は"を使用します。GoogleC"。 For the second, something like "GCP" fromについては、2番目の、何か"GCPの"からのような
(Google C Python). （GoogleのĈパイソン）。
Comment 48 by ismetdere , Today (4 minutes ago) コメント48 ismetdereで 、 今日（4分前）
Goat it is...ヤギって... there, settled.そこに定住した。
Comment 49 by Peter.Schweizer , Today (4 minutes ago) コメント49 Peter.Schweizerで 、 今日（4分前）
i'd suggest "giggity giggity goo" as new name since quagmire is a very funny guy私は""新しい名前として泥沼非常に面白いやつなんだからgiggity giggityグーをお勧めしたい
btw.ところで。 hi reddit :)ハイテクしかし：）
Comment 50 by ruivaldo , Today (4 minutes ago) コメント50 ruivaldoで 、 今日（4分前）
"Do" ? ""ですか？ Makes sense, check the purpose of the lang.理にかなっては、langの目的をご確認ください。
817 名前：日出づる処の名無し[sage] 投稿日：2009/10/20(火) 21:08:43 ID:VtFKq/M3
予想通り、鳩山政権は経済破壊政権になりつつあるけれど、こういう偽者を鉦や太鼓でマンセーしてきた
ttp://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601101&sid=agUXwp4AN6SE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ロンドンタイムズ「アナリストは日本の新政権が日本経済を奈落の底に叩き込むと警告する」
ttp://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article6825320.ece
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ttp://www.bloomberg.co.jp/apps/news?pid=90003017&sid=asT8dbvlJWug&refer=jp_news_index
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THE WALL STREET JOURNAL / The opposition party has no new economic ideas.
If the DPJ wins, however, and does what it says, its tenure may not last for long.
民主党が勝利して、マニフェストにあるとおりを実施しても、政権は長くは持たないだろう 2009年07月30日
ttp://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203609204574317652193781002.html
WinXP機に、ruby on rails インストール中（gem使用中）に下記のエラーが発生した。
ERROR: http://gems.rubyonrails.org/ does not appear to be a repository
一時間ほど格闘した結果、プロキシの設定をしてないだけだった。環境変数HTTP_PROXYを作り、URLを設定する必要があるらしい。
Goto the cmd line
set HTTP_PROXY=http://mycache:8080
http://wiki.openqa.org/display/WTR/FAQ#FAQ-HowdoIgeminstallWatirbehindaproxyserver%3F
http://anond.hatelabo.jp/20090807091544
2. Which is worse, failing or never trying?
* （失敗するのと、やらないの。ダメなのはどっち？）
3. If life is so short, why do we do so many things we don’t like and like so many things we don’t do?
* （人生がそんなに短いんだとしたら、やりたくないことばかりして、やりたいのにやらないことがこんなに多い必要ってあると思う？）
4. When it’s all said and done, will you have said more than you’ve done?
* （すべて終えて振り返ったときに、やったことよりも、言ったことのほうが多くなってるって思う？）
7. Are you doing what you believe in, or are you settling for what you are doing?
* （あなたは今本当にやりたいことをしてる？それとも、今やっていることに落ち着いてるだけ？）
10. Are you more worried about doing things right, or doing the right things?
* （物事をちゃんとやるのと、正しいことをするのと、あなたにとってどっちがより大切？）
13. Would you break the law to save a loved one?
* （あなたは愛する人を救うために法律を犯すと思う？）
14. Have you ever seen insanity where you later saw creativity?
* （最初に見たときはクレイジーだ！と思ったことが、後になってみたらクリエイティブだ！と思うようなことってない？）
18. Are you holding onto something you need to let go of?
* （忘れないといけないもの、手放さないといけないものなのに、いつまでも持ってるものってない？）
20. Do you push the elevator button more than once? Do you really believe it makes the elevator faster?
* （エレベーターのボタンを一回以上押すことある？それでエレベーターが早くなると思う？）
21. Would you rather be a worried genius or a joyful simpleton?
* （悩み多き天才と、単純でハッピーな人。どっちになりたい？）
23. Have you been the kind of friend you want as a friend?
* （あなたが友達になりたいような友達に、あなた自身がなったことある？）
24. Which is worse, when a good friend moves away, or losing touch with a good friend who lives right near you?
* （仲の良い友人が遠くへ行ってしまうのと、仲の良い友人が近くにいるのに疎遠になるのと、どっちが悲しい？）
26. Would you rather lose all of your old memories, or never be able to make new ones?
* （昔の記憶の全部が無くなってしまうのと、新しい思い出が作れないのと、どっちを選ぶ？）
27. Is it possible to know the truth without challenging it first?
* （やってみもしないで、ホントはどうかなんて、わからなくない？）
28. Has your greatest fear ever come true?
* （最も恐れていることが、ほんとに起こってしまったことってある？）
29. Do you remember that time 5 years ago when you were extremely upset? Does it really matter now?
* （5年前とかに、ものすごく腹が立ったことって何か覚えてる？それって、今も大切なこと？）
34. Have you ever been with someone, said nothing, and walked away feeling like you just had the best conversation ever?
* （かつて出会った人で、言葉を交わす機会はなかったけど、最高の会話をしたみたいに感じた人っていなかった？）
36. Is it possible to know, without a doubt, what is good and what is evil?
* （一片の迷いもなく、善悪を判断することってできる？）
37. If you just won a million dollars, would you quit your job?
38. Would you rather have less work to do, or more work you actually enjoy doing?
* （仕事の量を減らすのと、楽しい仕事をもっとやるのと、どっちを選ぶ？）
39. Do you feel like you’ve lived this day a hundred times before?
* （今日という日を、もう何回も繰り返してるみたく感じたことってない？）
42. Would you be willing to reduce your life expectancy by 10 years to become extremely attractive or famous?
* （ものすごく有名か、ものすごく魅力的な人になれるとしたら、寿命を10年縮めてでもなりたいと思う？）
ややこしい答えが必要なのは除いた。「何？」とか「いつ？」ってのは答えづらいけど「どっち？」なら即断可能かな？って。
心に自由を与える50の質問 - Free Your Mind! | 口コミ発信！モノ人
http://monojin.com/50-questions-that-will-free-your-mind/
http://d.hatena.ne.jp/finalvent/20090806/1249525203
考え方って、案外、型にはまってしまいがちなんだよね。だから、あなたはきっとこんな風に答えるだろうなって、何となく想像できる気がした。それに対して、僕はこんな風に反応するよ。でもまずは、下の質問を読んで答えてみてね。ここはまるまるhttp://monojin.com/50-questions-that-will-free-your-mind/からのコピペだよ。
- How old would you be if you didn’t know how old you are?
- （自分の年齢を知らないとしたら、何歳でいたい？）
- Which is worse, failing or never trying?
- （失敗するのと、やらないの。ダメなのはどっち？）
- If life is so short, why do we do so many things we don’t like and like so many things we don’t do?
- （人生がそんなに短いんだとしたら、やりたくないことばかりして、やりたいのにやらないことがこんなに多い必要ってあると思う？）
- When it’s all said and done, will you have said more than you’ve done?
- （すべて終えて振り返ったときに、やったことよりも、言ったことのほうが多くなってるって思う？）
- What is the one thing you’d most like to change about the world?
- （世の中でたった一つだけ変えられるとしたら、何を変えたい？）
- If happiness was the national currency, what kind of work would make you rich?
- Are you doing what you believe in, or are you settling for what you are doing?
- （あなたは今本当にやりたいことをしてる？それとも、今やっていることに落ち着いてるだけ？）
- If the average human life span was 40 years, how would you live your life differently?
- To what degree have you actually controlled the course your life has taken?
- Are you more worried about doing things right, or doing the right things?
- （物事をちゃんとやるのと、正しいことをするのと、あなたにとってどっちがより大切？）
- You’re having lunch with three people you respect and admire. They all start criticizing a close friend of yours, not knowing she is your friend. The criticism is distasteful and unjustified. What do you do?
- If you could offer a newborn child only one piece of advice, what would it be?
- Would you break the law to save a loved one?
- （あなたは愛する人を救うために法律を犯すと思う？）
- Have you ever seen insanity where you later saw creativity?
- What’s something you know you do differently than most people?
- （他の多くの人とくらべてみて、自分なら違うふうにやれると思うものって何？）
- How come the things that make you happy don’t make everyone happy?
- What one thing have you not done that you really want to do? What’s holding you back?
- （本当はやりたいけどまだやってないことってある？それをやってない理由は？）
- Are you holding onto something you need to let go of?
- （忘れないといけないもの、手放さないといけないものなのに、いつまでも持ってるものってない？）
- If you had to move to a state or country besides the one you currently live in, where would you move and why?
- （もしどこにでも引っ越せるとしたら、どこに行きたい？それはなぜ？）
- Do you push the elevator button more than once? Do you really believe it makes the elevator faster?
- Would you rather be a worried genius or a joyful simpleton?
- Why are you, you?
- （なんで、あなたはあなたなの？）
- Have you been the kind of friend you want as a friend?
- （あなたが友達になりたいような友達に、あなた自身がなったことある？）
- Which is worse, when a good friend moves away, or losing touch with a good friend who lives right near you?
- （仲の良い友人が遠くへ行ってしまうのと、仲の良い友人が近くにいるのに疎遠になるのと、どっちが悲しい？）
- What are you most grateful for?
- （あなたが最も感謝するものって何？）
- Would you rather lose all of your old memories, or never be able to make new ones?
- （昔の記憶の全部が無くなってしまうのと、新しい思い出が作れないのと、どっちを選ぶ？）
- Is it possible to know the truth without challenging it first?
- （やってみもしないで、ホントはどうかなんて、わからなくない？）
- Has your greatest fear ever come true?
- （最も恐れていることが、ほんとに起こってしまったことってある？）
- Do you remember that time 5 years ago when you were extremely upset? Does it really matter now?
- （5年前とかに、ものすごく腹が立ったことって何か覚えてる？それって、今も大切なこと？）
- What is your happiest childhood memory? What makes it so special?
- At what time in your recent past have you felt most passionate and alive?
- （最近、一番やる気が湧いてきて、やるぞっ！って感じたことはなに？）
- If not now, then when?
- （今じゃないとしたら、いつ？）
- If you haven’t achieved it yet, what do you have to lose?
- （まだ手に入れてないんだとしたら、失うものってないんじゃない？）
- Have you ever been with someone, said nothing, and walked away feeling like you just had the best conversation ever?
- （かつて出会った人で、言葉を交わす機会はなかったけど、最高の会話をしたみたいに感じた人っていなかった？）
- Why do religions that support love cause so many wars?
- Is it possible to know, without a doubt, what is good and what is evil?
- （一片の迷いもなく、善悪を判断することってできる？）
- If you just won a million dollars, would you quit your job?
- Would you rather have less work to do, or more work you actually enjoy doing?
- Do you feel like you’ve lived this day a hundred times before?
- （今日という日を、もう何回も繰り返してるみたく感じたことってない？）
- When was the last time you marched into the dark with only the soft glow of an idea you strongly believed in?
- （強く信じるかすかな明かりだけを頼りに、暗闇に踏み込んでいくようなことを最後にしたのはいつ？）
- If you knew that everyone you know was going to die tomorrow, who would you visit today?
- （もし、あなたの知ってる人全員が明日死んでしまうとしたら、今日あなたは誰に会いに行く？）
- Would you be willing to reduce your life expectancy by 10 years to become extremely attractive or famous?
- （ものすごく有名か、ものすごく魅力的な人になれるとしたら、寿命を10年縮めてでもなりたいと思う？）
- What is the difference between being alive and truly living?
- （命があるだけなのと、本当に生きているのの違いって何？）
- When is it time to stop calculating risk and rewards, and just go ahead and do what you know is right?
- If we learn from our mistakes, why are we always so afraid to make a mistake?
- （失敗から学ぶことができるんだとしたら、なんでいつもそんなに失敗することを怖がるの？）
- What would you do differently if you knew nobody would judge you?
- （だれにも批評されないって知ってたらもっと違うやり方したのに、っていうことある？）
- When was the last time you noticed the sound of your own breathing?
- What do you love? Have any of your recent actions openly expressed this love?
- （あなたが大好きなことって何？最近あなたがとった行動であなたがそれを大好きだって、誰の目から見てもわかるようなことってあった？）
- In 5 years from now, will you remember what you did yesterday? What about the day before that? Or the day before that?
- （今から5年後、あなたは昨日したことを覚えていると思う？一昨日のことは？その前の日は？）
- Decisions are being made right now. The question is: Are you making them for yourself, or are you letting others make them for you?
そもそも、この質問の一つ一つに律儀に反応している時間が勿体ないと思えるくらい、目の前にやりたいことが待ち構えているようになるのが理想なんだろうけど。そういう意味では、あなたのように、途中で飽きてここまで読み飛ばしてくるようなずぼらさも、自由な思考の一つの形なのかもね。
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001MBUGLY/
日本版が8/6に出るけど・・・
★☆☆☆☆ Not a More Cardio Wii Fit, Rather a Disaster of a Product, July 16, 2009
The concept is fantastic but the wiimote/sensor interaction is too finicky. It made the workout too frustrating. Specifically:
- If the way you hold the wiimote/nunchuck is off even slightly, the exercise stops and waits for you. You have to guess what it's waiting for.
- There reps are not timed to the music and there's no consistency to the timing. Instead of getting into the flow of the reps, it waits for you before it does the next rep. There's too much "thinking" time between reps making it hard to get a good flow to your workout.
- When doing reps, it's normal to anticipate the next rep, but this game does not allow for that. You finish a rep, the program goes back to the top of its do loop and then it does the next rep. It's very choppy - there's no smooth rhythm to the reps.
- If you move even a little faster than the "follow me" droid it stops completely (like its giving up), puts a note on the screen and waits for you to go back to the top of the rep.
- The instruction videos take FOREVER to demonstrate a simple exercise. Between that and the delay between reps, there's lots of down time.
Overall, I found it very frustrating because every time my workout started to flow, something interrupted it. I've had the Wii for over a year, and play with it daily so I don't think it's a learning curve issue.
評価の悪かった批評ぐらい訳してみようかな・・・
「女性を男性の従属物とみなしたり、ステレオタイプな役割を持っているものとみなすような伝統的振る舞いは、暴力や抑圧を含む広く蔓延した行為を維持する……このような偏見また行為は、女性を囲い込むまたは支配する形態としての性に基づく暴力を正当化しかねない……これらの振る舞いはまた、ポルノグラフィーの蔓延や、女性を個人としてではなく性的な対象として扱うような描写またそのほかの商業的営為を増長するものである。これらがさらに性に基づく暴力を増長している
http://homepage3.nifty.com/yuki_nanotabi/secondlife_sim/Gorean_Roleplay.html
http://www.flickr.com/search/?w=all&q=Kajira+second+life&m=text
↑これが性差別では無いと？
Goreanはネットのいたるところに居て、公然と以下のような哲学を主張しているけど？
Gorean community philosophy: Man wishes to dominate a woman and a woman wants to be dominated by a man. If a woman does not, she is weak. All women are inferior to men and can only be happy being owned by a man.
厚生労働省の方針と若干異なる部分があるので、比べてみるといいかも。問題があれば削除します。
What can I do to protect myself from catching influenza A(H1N1)?
The main route of transmission of the new influenza A(H1N1) virus seems to be similar to seasonal influenza, via droplets that are expelled by speaking, sneezing or coughing. You can prevent getting infected by avoiding close contact with people who show influenza-like symptoms (trying to maintain a distance of about 1 metre if possible) and taking the following measures:
- avoid touching your mouth and nose;
- clean hands thoroughly with soap and water, or cleanse them with an alcohol-based hand rub on a regular basis (especially if touching the mouth and nose, or surfaces that are potentially contaminated);
- avoid close contact with people who might be ill;
- reduce the time spent in crowded settings if possible;
- improve airflow in your living space by opening windows;
- practise good health habits including adequate sleep, eating nutritious food, and keeping physically active.
新型インフルエンザは、季節性インフルエンザと同じく、主に会話・くしゃみ・せきで出される「しぶき（飛沫）」から感染します。感染を防ぐには、次のようなことを行いましょう。
What about using a mask? What does WHO recommend?
If you are not sick you do not have to wear a mask.
If you are caring for a sick person, you can wear a mask when you are in close contact with the ill person and dispose of it immediately after contact, and cleanse your hands thoroughly afterwards.
If you are sick and must travel or be around others, cover your mouth and nose.
Using a mask correctly in all situations is essential. Incorrect use actually increases the chance of spreading infection.
あなたが病気でなければ、マスクをする必要はありません。ただし、病人を看病するときは、近くではマスクをしましょう。また、その後には必ず手を洗いましょう。
あなたが病気のときは、口と鼻をマスクで覆うようにしましょう。
ただし、マスクを使うなら、正しく使わなければなりません。誤った使い方は、感染の機会を増やしてしまいます。
What should I do if I think I have the illness?
If you feel unwell, have high fever, cough or sore throat:
- stay at home and keep away from work, school or crowds;
- rest and take plenty of fluids;
- cover your nose and mouth when coughing and sneezing and, if using tissues, make sure you dispose of them carefully. Clean your hands immediately after with soap and water or cleanse them with an alcohol-based hand rub;
- if you do not have a tissue close by when you cough or sneeze, cover your mouth as much as possible with the crook of your elbow;
- use a mask to help you contain the spread of droplets when you are around others, but be sure to do so correctly;
- inform family and friends about your illness and try to avoid contact with other people;
- If possible, contact a health professional before traveling to a health facility to discuss whether a medical examination is necessary.
具合が悪かったり、高熱や、せき、のどの痛みを感じるときは…
もう過去の話題かもしれないけど、新型インフルエンザについて。
WHOのウェブサイトを訳すよ。あんま時間がないから訳は流し読みつつ適当で。
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/frequently_asked_questions/travel/en/index.htmlより
Is it safe to travel?
旅行は安全？
WHO is not recommending travel restrictions related to the outbreak of the influenza A(H1N1) virus. Today, global travel is commonplace and large numbers of people move around the world for business and leisure. Limiting travel and imposing travel restrictions would have very little effect on stopping the virus from spreading, but would be highly disruptive to the global community.
WHOは新型インフルエンザウイルスの流行に関係した旅行の規制を推奨しません。こんにちではグローバルな旅行（日本でいう「海外旅行」）はありふれており、多くの人間がビジネスあるいは余暇のために世界中を旅行しています。旅行を制限したり、旅行の規制を強化したりすることは、ウイルスが広まるのをストップするのに対して非常に小さな効果しか持ちえず、しかしグローバルなコミュニティを混乱させるだけです。
Influenza A(H1N1) has already been confirmed in many parts of the world. The global response now focuses on minimizing the impact of the virus through the rapid identification of cases, and providing patients with appropriate medical care, rather than on stopping its spread internationally.
新型インフルエンザはすでに世界の多くの地域で確認されています。現在のグローバルな対応が今フォーカスしているのは、患者の発生を早急にアイデンティファイすることを通じて、ウイルスのインパクトを最小化することであり、患者に対して適切な医療的ケアを与えることであり、ウイルスが国際的に広まることをストップすることではありません。
Although identifying signs and symptoms of influenza in travellers can help track the path of the outbreak, it will not reduce the spread of influenza, as the virus can be transmitted from person to person before the onset of symptoms.
旅行者におけるインフルエンザの兆候や症候をアイデンティファイすることは、流行の経路を追跡するのを助けるでしょうが、そんなことではインフルエンザの拡大は低減できません。というのも、ウイルスは症候が出る前に人から人に伝染ってしまうからです。
Scientific research based on mathematical modelling shows that restricting travel would be of limited or no benefit in stopping the spread of disease. Historical records of previous influenza pandemics, as well as experience with SARS, validate this.
数学的なモデリングに基づく科学的リサーチによれば、病気の拡大をストップすることに関して、旅行の制限によって得られるベネフィットは限られたものかゼロです。過去のインフルエンザのパンデミックの記録や、SARSの経験も、このことをヴァリデート（検証・実証）しています。
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Does WHO recommend screenings at country entry and exit points to detect if ill people are travelling?
WHOは入国・出国の時点で病気の人間が旅行者の中にいるかどうかを検査するようなスクリーニングを推奨しますか？
No. We do not believe entry and exit screenings would work to reduce the spread of this disease. However country-level measures to respond to a public health risk are the decision of national authorities, under the International Health Regulations 2005.
ノー。 私たちは入国や出国の時点でのスクリーニングが、このインフルエンザの拡大を低減するのに役立つとは信じていません。しかし、国レベルでの公衆衛生リスクに対応する政策は、"International Health Regulations 2005"の下におけるその国家のオーソリティの決定事項です。
Countries that adopt measures that significantly interfere with international traffic (e.g. delaying an airplane passenger for more than 24 hours, or refusing country entry or departure to a traveller) must provide WHO with the public health reasoning and evidence for their actions. WHO will follow up with all of its Member countries on such matters.
国際的なトラフィックに対し著しく干渉するような政策（例えば、航空機の乗客を２４時間以上遅らさせたり、旅行者の入国や出国を拒否したりするような施策）を採用する国は、公衆衛生上のリーズンと施策者の行為の（正当性の）証拠をWHOに提供しなくてはなりません。WHOはその加入国全てにおけるそのようなマターをフォローアップします。
Travellers should always be treated with dignity and respect for their human rights.
旅行者は常に彼らの人権に対する尊厳とリスペクトを以って扱われるべきです。
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How can I protect myself from influenza A(H1N1) when I am travelling?
旅行するときに、私はどうやって自分の身を新型インフルエンザから守ればよいでしょうか？
People who are ill should delay travel plans. Returning travellers who become ill should contact their health care provider.
病気になっている人はその旅行を延期すべきです。帰国後に病気になった人は自分の主治医にコンタクトを取るべきです。
Travellers can protect themselves and others by following simple prevention practices that apply while travelling and in daily life.
旅行者たちが自分の健康や自分の周りの他人の健康を守るためにできることは、旅行中における、あるいは日常生活におけるシンプルな感染予防法の実践に従うことです。
なんの話なのかは漠然としているのだけれど、世界経済についてだったと思う。
この人はアフリカでマイクロファイナンスをやってるんだそうです。
アタリさん
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Attali
私の中ではアフリカでマイクロファイナンスといえば、ジョージさんとBRACというイメージが強いです。
http://www.1101.com/hara/fourth/
マイクロファイナンスというのはヤヌスさんという人が発明した？金融の仕組みで、その人が作ったグラミン銀行がノーベル賞をとったとか昔聞いたことがある。
実際に人の言葉として聞いたのは、行政の勉強をしている大学の友人から3年前に聞いた様な気がする。
その人は途上国開発という専門で、今はそういう関係の仕事をしている。
ヤヌスさんの言葉。こないだの賞を取った時の村上春樹のスピーチとも似ていると思った。私は好きだなぁ。こういうの。
Yunus said that poverty is not created by people, but by the system that we build. The idea of social business is based on the conviction that business does not have to focus on profits alone.
http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/cs/news/2009/021009.htm
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8A%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9
http://econgeog.misc.hit-u.ac.jp/excursion/00bengal/grameen/grameen.html#jizen
ジョージさんの会社とBRACがやってるマイクロファイナンスのプロ養成
http://www.allianceforum.org/developing/microfinance/invitation.html
BRAC（Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee）総裁のファズレ・ハサン・アベッド氏
http://www.rikkyo.ac.jp/feature/abed/
マイクロファイナンスという仕組みを使ったら少額のお金による最大限の効果を知ることができるのだと思う。
アタリさんの話によると、今後国家はアメリカがトップからいなくなって、G20みたいなたくさんの国で統治する、多極的な国家が世界を統治しようとするんだって。
でも、国家よりも、世界経済の方が大きな影響を持つものになってるんだそうな。
世界経済ってのはグローバルエコノミーでしょ？グローバルってのはインターナショナルとイメージ似てるけど、
インターナショナルは国際的、国家を起点に考えるから、グローバルのほうが広いんだそうだ。（Wiki調べ）
だから、世界経済が国家より大きい影響を持つものという考えは納得できる。
このことから、人はもともと移住の自由というのがあるのだけど、
テレビとかインターネットとかで世界の状態を知るバーチャル移民（私とか普通の人？）が増えて
一部に自由に国を行き来できるハイパー移民と難民（いわずもがな）ができるらしいです。
なんの話がしたかったのかわからなくなってしまったのですが、
アタリさんの話をまとめると、今後世界経済がでっかくなるから、それに所属してた方がいいかもしれないぞ。
そして、その所属方法は会社にかかわることだ（設立するなり、会社員になるなり、いろいろ）。
できるなら、その会社は博愛的な仕事（医療とか、ホテルとか、第3次産業）が良くて、その仕事に着いたらこれからの社会エリートですぜ。
そしていろいろな国で働いてハイパー移民になっちまえよ。と。（全体的に違う気がする）
つーか絶対疲れる。
仕事は無いよりはあった方がいいに違いないけれど、引っ越し貧乏ってよく言うじゃないですか。
それにサービス業って格差でかいんじゃ？ネットの平均年収見るとまだまだメーカとか800万以上もらえるし正直そっちがいいです。
でもなぁ、動く人の周りには人が集まるっていうし、金も集まるのかな～いや、きっと目の前を通り過ぎるだけだろうなぁ。
こんな私はバーチャル移民で十分ですわ。そして小金を貯めてkivaあたりで融資して自己満で生きれればとか思う。
http://www.kiva.org/
