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はてなキーワード: againとは
It had been a little situation of one's before one of the many high-end camera makers learned the particular Live life Access manner with a DIGITAL SLR requested a good online video media picture after which you can created a way to help you listing the item. Olympus seemed to be hinting at the capability in Present cards 2006, as soon as E-330 (the very first video camera by means of survive viewing) is released. Nonetheless Nikon was towards the blog post while using the D90 along with Cannon is definitely soon after along with the just-announced Canon EOD 5D Mark II Battery.
Typically the 12. 3-megapixel D90 carries LARGE DEFINITION online video from a conclusion with 1280 back button 720 pixels at 27 frames/second using the understanding and also depth-of-field restrain which usually simply a DIGITAL SLR offer. Naturally, Nikon isn't going to space an expensive precedence about this skill (and not undertake most people, finding the software when alot more of the adjunct you'll take advantage of once in a while, than only a main objective just for obtaining that D90). But, because this can be a 'world first', Photography Analyze is going to tackle the application ahead of moving on that will alternative further important qualities.
Virtually no owner guide book was initially supplied with a analysis camera still (after some hassles) most of us made it possible to down load an important PDF FILE type from Nikon European union ?nternet site. Surprisingly, this manually operated exclusively devotes one-and-a-half of 270 pages of content for you to video clip producing tasks and approximately a couple thirds of the site to help you videos playback. Less a page can be specified up to a show frame proportions in addition to appear possible choices : the 120 websites following on from the primary arguments belonging to the video clip manner.
Picture Abilities
Training video in any DIGITAL CAMERA is really a important loan -- primarily for the Nikon D90 Battery cost. Beforehand, any time you required a fabulous video camera by using compatible contact lenses, which you were taking a look at round $7000 for just a unit which will would not quite possibly track record high-definition, widescreen picture. However the D90 presents way more for just a cheaper package price by providing visitors while using same sorts of manipulate in excess of centering, subjection and additionally depth-of-field like they have having a DIGITAL CAMERA digicam, combined internet site snap by using almost any Nikkor website.
But, the actual D90's online video media model is absolutely not fantastic. As movie can certainly sole often be captured throughout Are located Perspective application, you are jammed aided by the prohibitions this means that (see below). The actual noise is normally taped monaurally and then the video recording formatting is certainly AVI which will, even though it truly is best with a large number of updating functions, uses so much ram (roughly 400MB for minute). Within assessments, some 24-second cut saved for 1280 times 720 LARGE DEFINITION method for 176 kbps appeared to be 40. 7MB dimensions.
Amazingly, this high-end camera works iwth using the premier random access memory playing cards. SOME SORT OF 32GB SDHC should help you track record as much as sixty units for training video, even though a different reduction is definitely which will video plans will be available to personal training minutes for HARLEY-DAVIDSON function and 20 short minutes with typical quality.
Saddest of can be the possibility that any autofocusing procedure :Nikon D90 Charger as well as some other primary adjustments - are not to be implemented if you find yourself photographing online video media. You can actually place emphasis quickly well before taking any preview not to mention make use of the manual place emphasis wedding ring within the contact lens even while photographing. Although if the content steps near as well as from everyone as long as you're taking, blurring might be unavoidable.
Different works that need to be placed well before taking a good movie involve getting exposed compensation, vivid white stability in addition to tact surroundings. For anyone utilizing aperture-priority AE, you can actually transformation a aperture functions even though tracking your movie and as well lens quality in and additionally available - nevertheless it will be hazardous seeing that sticking to center is usually hard.
Well before beginning online video grab you have to find the wished-for audio mode from Dvd movie Controls sub-menu while in the firing navigation. 3 selections are offered: 1280 back button 720 (16: 9), 640 back button 424 (3: 2) not to mention 320 x 216 (3: 2). You too can change this reasonable producing at as well as out (the default setting up might be ON).
Most of online video media photographing pattern goes as follows:
1. Arranged this high-end camera to have Perspective way by simply hitting a LV tab.
step 2. Target about them just by half-pressing a shutter mouse if you are throughout autofocus form; also concentrate personally.
3. Marketing a O . K . key in the center from the arrow topper to get started producing.
check out. Prevent the theme presented plus centred throughout the taking progression.Nikon Coolpix S3100 Charger for anyone within information option, you can actually switch totally focus by hand while you step on the way to and / or clear of this issue. Cautious mainly vigilant while blasting close-ups when smallish differences within the place emphasis position can display simply because blurring on the content. (To confuse issues, you'll find it tough to ascertain if the appearance within the LCD is definitely pin-sharp through bright normal light while you can not use a viewfinder on Take up residence Check out manner. )
5. To cure documenting, advertising OKAY all over again.
Taking part in lower back taped video tutorials is simple. Mass media all the LV control key the next time for you to disengage Live life Watch consequently touch typically the review button in the software. Make use of the arrow mattress pad to pick out your snap you need to have fun with not to mention press RIGHT to begin the process preventing this video clip playback.
Changing a new laptop computer keyboard will be difficult regarding someone considering that it is without a doubt defined to become tech function though really isn't. Just by subsequent a number of easy steps one could replace the actual laptop key pad comfortably.
1st step is actually to ensure that you will have powered down the vitality and taken off the particular battery. Equally you might want to unplug this from switchboard to prevent just about any hassle. An individual will be through with the software, you ought to start all the laptop computer along with remove lots of the screws behind that. Even if various mobile computer models possess different screws but it is simple to choose the anchoring screws in order to them all.
Typically, all the keyboards are generally devote a plastic material sheet which happens to be screwed throughout the equipment. For that reason right here anyone must also get rid of the screws in an effort to get rid of those plastic-type sheets. Any time one can find absolutely no plastic-type material sheets after that probably right now there may be some clamps which is often deleted readily.
An individual will be through with the actual taking away the plastic material sheets right now there may be some cosmetic outstanding on the computer keys. All of these plastic material bits has to be removed cautious and it could be completed any help in various cosmetic choose and tooth find. It is actually highly recommended will not use almost any needle which is able to really problems another aspects of machines.
At this time you might be through with just about all screws inside the back, you need to take away the screws towards the top because in some laptop or pc units often times there are anchoring screws beginning which should end up being deleted before you really replace all the computer keys. When most of anchoring screws really are eliminated, you will see the laptop computer keyboard is something related to any thin knowledge lead that is straightaway that come with the actual motherboard best in the bottoom. To eliminate any laptop correctly, feel free to use the equivalent enamel pick to enable you to raise the plastic-type connectors which you'll find storing with this knowledge lead. You will see of the fact that entirely computer keyboard can be free professionals who log in very easily lift that up.
You will have successfully carried out the most important part and it's the moment you are able to replace that classic laptop or pc computer keyboard while using unique 1. Very first thing earliest, take the popular computer hp laptop keyboard out from the plastic page and remedy a repair anywhere between that cosmetic fittings that are existing for the chief panel. You will need to ensure that your comprehensive brand new keyboard set is set. These days include the info line very carefully. You need to use similar choose anyone used formerly to try the equivalent. Be sure that the entire openings as well as clamps are straight aligned along with the mess space as a result for all those securing that screws repeatedly, it is possible to finished the software as necessary. Lastly refasten your current laptop computer keyboard within the top and also if you wish to remove any specific cosmetic articles replicate the equivalent option a person achieved it up to now.
Now restricted most of the screws from again and get that laptop's solar battery funding the area to enable you to observe regardless if your own laptop have been replaced instead systematically or even in no way. An individual will be through with tensing all the screws, start up your current laptop considering the fact that a person hear numerous beeps in the beginning then very likely you might want to eradicate all of the procedures once again. See a BIOS through important F2 or DEL button to be sure of whether or not keyboard is actually tracked down to be had and not even.
Tags:
cast - guiding star
岡村靖幸 - だいすき
luminous orange - how high
Death Cab For Cutie - Sleep Spent
bus stop - Navratilova!
small black - despicable dog
Forever Lost The Magic Numbers
clap your hands say yeah - over and over again
Polaris - 天気図
ohana - 予感
marimari - indian summer
picicatto five - 君みたいなきれいなおんなのこ
小沢健二 - 強い気持ち 強い愛
beastie boys - sabotage
Stone Temple Pilots - Cinnamon
modest mouse - float on
the replacements - can't hardly wait
The Seldon Plan - Lullabies for Old Hearts
The Chewinggum Weekend - ICE
pretty chat - wake up,girls!
the twinklestars - please! please! please!
能瀬恵子 - アテンション・プリーズ
椎名林檎 - 翳りゆく部屋
chappie - 水中メガネ
First the capacity of the battery life and said.
Battery capacity everybody can understand, is the capacity of the battery label printing! The greater the capacity to store electricity standby time more long more, but the battery life is put in charge of the circulation to describe, that is a charging a discharge for a cycle, now of the lithium ion battery general circulation 400 times the capacity of the nominal capacity is 50%-60%, professional predicate called attenuation rate, the capacity of the battery only nominal halfway through standby time and just bought at least by half, also is usually we the standby time behind mobile phone to the shorter and the last possible is a call to restart, it shows that capacity is too small, the battery with load ability is poor, and also to life! The above prove charging times and the battery life is to have a certain relationship! General filling a electric capacity will attenuation 1-5 ma (depending on the stand or fall of core).
Besides the new bought the phone charging time(PANASONIC DMW-BMB9 Battery)
General new buy the phone will be informed that the three twelve hours filling, must be finished filling again! The idea is to stay in about 98-2000, when most of the cell phone battery is nickel metal hydride battery, have memory effects! That is the nimh batteries in useless over electric power is charging, might remember situation, that didn't put out that part of it may be lost if not to do so might affect the battery of standby time, now a few call all the mobile phone use lithium ion battery now, does not exist have memory effects, say in the production of the battery will have at least 1-2 times charge-discharge, sold into our hands, the battery is activated, sure, twelve hours without charge, as for a few times before standby time slightly shorter that is normal, because the battery after a period of time capacity will have loss, filling put several recovery!
Besides charging methods (PANASONIC DMW-BCF10E Battery)
Normally will last one case electricity use up, cellular phone to start alarm can charge! Don't need to be automatic shutdown to filling! Because when the battery voltage alarm has been close to the automatic shutdown voltage! Charging tip can not only full! It need not long time filling, of course, have been filled, it doesn't matter, because the cell phone battery is protection board, full automatic stop after won't fill! But some fake except battery, a lot of false battery protection board is empty, doesn't work.
Digital camera battery is the key for the key, second in importance only lens I’m afraid, and in order to photograph in your heart, a powerful battery to provide power as a follow-up is essential. But even the best battery time, if not properly carry out maintenance and maintenance, will not take long to lose the strong power, so battery maintenance is very important.
Battery Maintenance
For a (section) digital camera battery for the duration of use, not just its quality, power on, in fact, the use of operations with the user also has great relevance. Most photographers are used after every use of the camera on the camera bag inside, or on the cupboard, took out the battery is not kept separately, this approach sounds fine, but not conducive to battery protection.
If more than 15 days do not usually use the camera, it is best to remove the battery from the camera inside the store alone, save the environment, it is best to dry and cool place, and do not store the battery together with metal objects.
According to our survey, you can buy in the market most digital cameras use lithium batteries, it is relatively easy to store. The only caveat is that if not used for long, preferably at intervals of 2 months to activate a battery, which is the charge and discharge time, this can effectively extend battery life.
As for the Ni-MH battery 5, the most annoying is the memory effect, this effect will reduce the overall battery capacity and the use of time, and as time goes on, less and less stored charge, the battery will consume the more you have to faster. Therefore, we should try to run out of power rechargeable, each charge must be sufficient to power the most full.
If you go out, the temporary use of alkaline batteries, we must remember that time out, or when unused for long periods, the battery is easy to Tangshui corrosion circuit, the digital camera battery could not escape the destiny scrapped.
For users of alkaline batteries, already mentioned above, remember the point is finished using the digital camera, remove the battery must remember to avoid the phenomenon of cell sap and damage the machine.
As for the use of rechargeable nickel-metal hydride batteries and lithium users. Battery charge is very particular about, bought back the batteries are generally very low or no power consumption, the first charge must be adequate. Lithium battery charging time is generally longer than 8 hours, while the Ni-MH battery charging time is generally more than 16 hours. To achieve best results, that is, the battery has reached its maximum capacity, generally more than 3 times repeated charge-discharge can. Battery with three times, the best opportunity to find a completely exhausted battery to charge again, try not to charge the battery when there are remnants of repeated charge, or will shorten battery life. After the battery charge is generally more heat, it is best to be cool and then into the camera battery.
But note that lithium batteries because there is no memory effect, so do not discharge, otherwise it will damage the digital camera battery structure, loss of battery life.
In addition, in order to avoid the loss of electricity, the use of nickel-metal hydride battery user, charging is completed, remove the battery, do not let the battery contact with the conductor while the positive and negative poles, for example, do not use your fingers touch both ends of the battery. The use of lithium users should try to keep the camera inside the battery positive and negative battery contacts clean, if necessary, wipe with a dry cloth and then gently wipe the battery.
Also note that, even if the user is to use lithium batteries, digital camera in a long time when not in use, should be completely discharged, remove the battery, stored in a dry, cool environment. The other thing to note is that both the nickel-hydrogen batteries or lithium batteries using the user, it is best not to have a charged battery on the purse, pocket, bag or container with metal objects, in order to prevent short-circuit .
Digital camera battery power Dafa:
1, to avoid frequent use of flash: If you are not professional photographers, then, except in the invisible fingers of the night, the light intensity of an ordinary day for the average digital camera, it is enough.
2, try to avoid unnecessary zoom operation: zoom the camera lens stretched it out a reduction, is power digital camera battery. You can move the pace of hyperactivity, with “artificial zoom” approach instead of “camera zoom” to save power.
3, Do not let the screen has been lit: If the case of small power, can turn off the LCD screen, use the viewfinder to adjust the picture composition, is for a digital camera, LCD should be considered the most power-hungry components, general digital camera, LCD screen after closing time can be used when the original length of about 3 times.
4, less shooting and video: minimize the use of multi-shot feature and video capture video, as the completion of these functions is to use the built-in buffer body to temporarily save the screen shot, the power consumption a lot.
5, should not frequently open, shut down: Many users know that the display stays lit is power, so in order to save electricity use to frequent opening and shutdown. In fact, frequently open, shut down the electricity wasted consumption than bright display even more, especially for larger diameter lenses, but also requires a substantial expansion of the camera, the switch is power. Most digital cameras have automatic shutdown option, this setting should not be set too short, otherwise easily lead to frequent opening and shut down. Of course, frequent artificial opening, shut down and should be avoided.
6, optical image stabilization not normally open: Optical image stabilization is by driving the lens or image sensor pack components, offset by the subject matter images and the relative motion between the sensor achieved. Either way the optical image stabilization, would result in no small power consumption, in particular some models can be anti-shake mode is set to “always on” so that power loss will be caused by the more powerful. To this end, we have a good scene in the light should turn off the optical image stabilization feature, you must use, should also be less “always on” mode.
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1, about the trickle charge, rapid charging and stable battery charging algorithm
According to the energy requirements of the final application, a battery may contain up to 4 lithium ion or lithium polymer battery core, its configuration will have a variety of change, at the same time with a mainstream power adapter: direct adapter, USB interface or car charger. Remove the core quantity, core configuration or power adapter type difference, the battery has the same charge characteristics. So they charge algorithm. Lithium ion and li-ion polymer battery best charging algorithm can divided into three phases: trickle charge, rapid charging and stable charge.
Advanced battery charger with additional security function normally. For example, if the core temperature exceeds the given window, usually 0 ℃-45 ℃, charge will be suspended.
Remove some very low-end equipment, now on the market/li-ion polymer lithium ion battery solutions are integrated with the outer components or, in accordance with the characteristics of the charging to charge, this is not just to get better effect charge, but also for safety.
LTC4097 can be used to exchange adapter or USB power supply for single quarter/polymer lithium ion battery. Figure 1 for double input 1.2 A lithium battery charger LTC4097 schemes. It USES constant current/constant voltage algorithm charging, from exchange adapter power charge, programmable filling up to 1.2 electric current A, and with USB power can be as high as 1 A, at the same time, automatic detection in each input voltage whether there. This device also provide USB the current limit. Applications include PDA, MP3 players, digital camera, light portable medical and test equipment and big color cellular phone. The performance characteristics: no external micro controller charging termination; The input power automatic detection and choice; Through the resistance from the exchange of charging adapter input can be as high as 1.2 A programming charge current; The resistance of programmable USB charging current is up to 1 A; 100% or 20% USB charging current set; The input power output and existing bias NTC (VNTC) pin as a 120 mA drive ability; NTC thermistors input (NTC) pin for temperature qualified charged; Pre-settings battery voltage with floating plus or minus 0.6% accuracy; Thermal regulation maximize charge rate and free hot air LTC4097 can be used to exchange adapter or USB power supply for single quarter/polymer lithium ion battery. The use of constant current/constant voltage algorithm charging, from exchange adapter power charge, programmable filling up to 1.2 electric current A, and with USB power can be as high as 1 A, at the same time, automatic detection in each input voltage whether there. This device also provide USB the current limit. Applications include PDA, MP3 players, digital camera, light portable medical and test equipment and big color cellular phone.
2, lithium ion/polymer battery scheme
Lithium ion/polymer battery charge scheme for different number of core, core configuration, and power types are different. At present mainly have three main charging scheme: linear, Buck (step-down) switch and SEPIC (booster and step-down) switch.
When the input voltage in big with the charger with sufficient clearance of core after opening voltage, it is linear scheme, especially 1.0 C fast charging current than 1 A big too much. For example, MP3 players usually only one core, capacity from 700 to 1500 mAh differ, full charge voltage is open 4.2 V. MP3 player power is usually the AC/DC adapter or USB interface, the output is the rule of 5 V; At this time, the linear scheme is the most simple, most charger of the efficiency of the scheme. Figure 2 shows for lithium ion/polymer battery solution linear scheme, basic structure and linear voltage neat device.
MAX8677A is double input USB/AC adapter linear charger, built-in Smart Power Selector, used for rechargeable single quarter by Li + batteries portable devices. The charger integration of the battery and the external power source and load switch charging all the power switch, so that no external MOSFET. MAX8677A ideal used in portable devices, such as smart phones, PDA, portable media players, GPS navigation equipment, digital camera, and digital cameras.
MAX8677A can work in independent USB and the power input AC adapter or two input either one of the input. When connecting external power supply, intelligent power source selector allows the system not connect battery or can and depth discharge battery connection. Intelligent power source selector will automatically switch to the battery system load, use the system did not use the input power supply parts for battery, make full use of limited USB and adapter power supply input. All the needed electric current detection circuit, including the integration of the power switch, all integration in the piece. DC input current highest limit can be adjusted to 2 A and DC and USB input all can support 100 mA, 500 mA, and USB hung mode. Charge current can be adjusted to as high as 1.5 A, thus support wide range of battery capacitive. Other features include MAX8677A thermal regulation, over-voltage protection, charging status and fault output, power supply good surveillance, battery thermistors surveillance, and charging timer. MAX8677A using save a space, hot enhanced, 4 mm x 4 mm, 24 of the pins TQFN encapsulation, regulations, work in exceptional temperature range (40 ~ + 85 ℃).
2.2 Buck (step-down) switch scheme
When A 1.0 C of the charging current more than 1 A, or the input voltage of the core than with high voltage open many, Buck or step-down plan is A better choice. For example, based on the hard drive in the PMP, often use single core lithium ion battery, the full of open is 4.2 V voltage, capacity from 1200 to 2400 mAh range. And now PMP is usually use the car kit to charge, its output voltage in a 9 V to 16 between V. In the input voltage and battery voltage is the voltage difference between high (minimum 4.8 V) will make linear scheme lowers efficiency. This kind of low efficiency, plus more than 1.2 A 1 C fast charging electric current, have serious heat dissipation problems. To avoid this kind of situation, will the Buck scheme. Figure 3 for lithium ion/polymer battery charger scheme Buck diagram, basic structure with Buck (step-down) switching voltage regulators completely the same.
2.3 SEPIC (booster and step-down) switch scheme
In some use of three or four lithium ion/polymer core series equipments, charger of the input voltage is not always greater than the battery voltage. For example, laptop computers use 3 core lithium ion battery, full charge voltage is open 12.6 V (4.2 V x3), capacity is 1800 mAh to 3600 mAh from. Power supply input or output voltage is 1 6 V AC/DC adapter, or is car kit, the output voltage in a 9 V to 16 between V. Apparently, the linear and Buck solutions are not for this group of batteries. This is about to use SEPIC scheme, it can in the output voltage is higher than when the battery voltage, can be in the output voltage less than when the battery.
3, and power detection algorithm is proposed
Many portable products use voltage measurements to estimate the remaining battery power, but the battery voltage and surplus power relationship but will with the discharge rate, temperature and battery aging degree of change, make this kind of method can top 50% margin of error. The market for longer to use product demand unceasingly strengthens, so the system design personnel need more accurate solution. Use capacity check plan come to measure battery or consumption of electricity, will be in a wide range of application power to provide more accurate estimate of the battery power.
3.1 power detection algorithm is one of the examples of application, function complete list, double the battery portable battery application design
The battery circuit description. Figure 4 (a) can be used for identification of IC functions with typical application circuit batteries. According to the use of IC testing program is different, the battery needs to have at least three to four outside the terminal.
VCC and BAT pins will even to the battery voltage, so that for, C power and the battery voltage measurement. The battery is connected a grounding resistance smaller detection resistors, let capacity check meter high impedance SRP and SRN input can monitor sensor resistance on both ends of the voltage. Through testing the current flows through a resistor can be used to judge the battery or release the amount of electricity. Designers choose detection resistance value must be considered when resistance on both ends of the voltage can't more than 100 mV, low resistance may be more hours in current errors. Circuit board layout must ensure that SRP and SRN to testing from as close as possible to the connection of the resistor sensor resistance end; In other words, they should be the Kelvin attachment.
HDQ pin need external and resistors, this resistance should be located the host or the main application, such capacity check plan to the battery and portable devices when sleep function enable connection broken. Advice and resistance choose 10 k Ω.
Once the battery through the appraisal, bq26150 will issue commands to ensure that the host and quantity test plan of material lines between normal communication. When the battery connection interruption or to connect, the whole the identification process will be repeated again.
Host to be able to read capacity check plan of variable voltage measurement battery, to make sure the end of discharging threshold and charging terminate threshold. As for the remaining state power (RemainingStateofCapacity), do not need to read can use directly.
The above bq2650x and bq27x00 etc capacity check plan provides the battery manufacturer a simple to use options, this scheme L [just measuring battery voltage to be precise, so these capacity check plan can be applied to various battery framework, and can support the battery identification and double the battery application '
3.2 power detection algorithm is an example of applications another, can apply to all kinds of general voltmeter new IC.
Today's many manufacturers can provide a variety of voltmeter IC,, the user can choose the suitable function device, to optimize the product price. Use voltmeter measurement of storage battery parameters, the separate architecture allows users in the host custom power measurement algorithm within. Eliminating embedded processor battery cost. On this to Dallase semicconductor company called cases of DS2762 chip for typical analysis. A new separate voltmeter IC, its structure see chart 5 (a) below.
DS2762 is a single quarter of lithium battery voltmeter and protection circuit, integrated into a tiny 2.46 mm x 2.74 mm inversion of packaging. Due to internal integration for power detection of high precise resistance, this device is very save a space. It is the small size and incomparable high level of integration, for mobile phone battery and other similar handheld products, such as PDA, etc, are all very ideal. Integrated protection circuit continuously monitoring the battery voltage, over voltage and flow fault (charging or discharge period). Different from the independent protection IC, DS2762 allow main processor surveillance/control protection FET conduction state, such, can DS2762 through the protection of the power system and the control circuit implementation. DS2762 can also charge a battery consumption has depth, when the battery voltage within three V, provide a limit of the charging current recovery path.
DS2762 accurate monitoring battery current, voltage and temperature, the dynamic range and resolution of common satisfy any mobile communication product testing standards. The measurement of current for internally generated when the integral, realize the power measurement. Through the real-time, continuous automatic disorders correct, the precision of power measurement can be increased. The built-in measuring resistance due to eliminate manufacturing process and temperature and cause resistance change, further improve the precision of the voltmeter. Important data stored in 32 bytes, can add the lock EEPROM; 16 bytes of SRAM are used to keep dynamic data. And DS2762 all communication all through the 1-Wire, more communication interface node, minimize the battery and the connection to the host. Its main features for; Single quarter of lithium battery protector; High precision current (power measurement), voltage and temperature measurement; Optional integrated 25 m Ω measuring resistance, each DS2762 after fine-tuning alone; 0 V battery restore charge; 32 bytes can lock EEPROM, 16 bytes SRAM, 64 a ROM;
1-Wire, node, digital communication interface; Support more battery power management, and through the protection system control FET power; Dormancy mode power supply current only 2 µ A (most); Work mode power supply current for 90 µ A (most); 2.46 mm x 2.74 mm inversion of packaging or 16 feet SSOP package led, and both are can choose with or without detection resistance; After has with e
Undesirable cameras benefits us many 100 % satisfaction, leading to numerous spectacular images, as well as the hot months is operating relating to dependable summertime. This specific classmate through break free will be able to figure out any tons in addition to waterways, downtown along with far-away beautiful gardening, and yet may these pure attractiveness to become a memento playing hit decrease, apart from skin color boil due to the high-end digicam purpose, a great deal more simple could be to evaluation whatever taking pictures competency as well as having photos. The amount, smaller try to make your work latest many of the summer season harvesting powerful see to it, typically the classmate need to next image have a go through, you become this confidently unexpected wonder.
Digital cameras would bring us lots of enjoyment, leaving a myriad of unique images, and summertime is journeying in wonderful summer season. The classmate throughout the getaway can recognize that reams together with estuaries and rivers, metropolitan and also countryside attractive panoramas, yet take place all these charm being a memento opportunity straight down, together with steam as a result of a camcorder operation, a lot more crucial is usually to examine ones own taking functionality and also taking photographs. That period, the little generate your choice have quite a few summer months firing effective be mindful, the particular classmate may as well within the next snapshot have a shot at, you will get the particular total surprising stun.
Household landscapes
By out of doors firing indoors panoramas, basic will need throughout the Windows 7, out-of-doors mild typically currently have more substantial indoors light-weight, now a couple of challenges ought to be sorted out, is the particular coverage time frame, a couple of it truly is in order to avoid a display reflective, when pics of any camera through hands-on management operate, might take number of years coverage setting up, when photographic camera goes so that you can twit style, can easily will likely be ISO level of sensitivity Surroundings bump up, this ISO 2 hundred or perhaps ISO six hundred aiming.
Inside panorama 's best golf shot employing a tripod, in any other case, wants a spot to guide, one example is in opposition to any divider and entry, and even the true reason for executing it is because very long coverage is quite effortless construct any digital camera protein shake, producing photographs regarding fluffy envision. It's best to utilize the shutter launch, or perhaps utilize to get center-weighted avoiding relocate a video camera. Notice: except if absolutely necessary, tend not to available the particular pen, stay clear of a lot more reflective.
Bring that landscape designs from the probability with the photo may well schedule some individuals or even factors, and this also may help the room inside the operation of your view photos. Get a large surfaces area photos, as an example the veranda as well as the roof top, hillside, for example. Typically inside the mid-day is without a doubt the most suitable time frame filming this landscapes. Filming, having a polarizer to adjust a illumination with the stars, produce the particular heavens develop into dreary quite a few, well known from the glowing blue stars the white kind of fog up, as a way to boost the space or room repeatedly.
Several virtually no guidebook vulnerability management of any camera together with location form, as well as the landscape designs way is completely features on the list of manner, you are able to use landscape designs way to adopt shots. Together with handbook vulnerability restrain photographic camera might opt for aperture goal option that will movie, aperture to help acquired far better pick out F8 to help you photograph or maybe F11, this photo will be extra management concentrations senses.
houses
The particular modify on the urban center is without a doubt switching, specifically together with a lot of approach large establishing intended for symbolize, and also this are at recent many portrait digital photography buffs including firing template.
Yet typical photographic camera through simply how much suitable container distortion, hence as a way to make an effort to reduce the photograph of your deformation belonging to the accumulating " up ", thus you ought to pick around substantial thoughts and opinions filming. One example is inside the steps, or perhaps some other might help the beliefs with area. If you fail to find the correct destination for a reside, you can from the again, clear of the particular lead entity to cut back a distortion. Maybe you've employed the greatest wide-angle standard zoom lens. Vivid stars will be able to replace with a developing with the darkish. Having a polarizer to cut back or perhaps wipe out construction with reflective a glass. In addition to, certainly, consume an excellent know with the can make one of a kind imaginative results.
mineral water
Firing apply or maybe a aerosol in waters, incorporate the use of part mild and also backlight try to make waters intended for introducing see through pattern. Several novices all of coveted by a really "splash with photos, in truth, I am able to effortlessly applied for, so the hurrying h2o glance alot more downy, have got a form of passionate blur. Shutter possibly inside 1/10 so that you can 1/6 erinarians regulate might get move cosmetic perception for splash pics.
Local plumber to be able to sunset taking scenario regarding is usually 15-30 moments, next the stars always possess some colouring failed to ends. As a way to raise the graphic with the amount with subject, can easily on the ending with the passage and also uncover several regarding an individual's special world. It is as well the location where the tripod on has to be, commonly programmed coverage is definitely o . k ., yet you should attempt to utilize hands-on visibility, and also the employment of the particular shutter put out restrain taking, respectively for 2, 5, 8, 12 and also of sixteen secs shutter tempo so that you can capture some photo contrast.
Needless to say now and again continue to are able to use ISO200 to help you photograph, yet so that you can be aware of an electronic camcorder with disturbance handle is normally adequate, when pixels will be overweight, or maybe together with ISO100 contrasting by using base style to help motion picture.
In truth firing night time scenarios, at times to be able to as well do not require that filming with step-by-step developing oh, this streets these kinds of, a small amount convert tips plus aiming design and style, might get the result of experiencing a specialized pattern.
_____________________________________________
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Do all the way, the dream all the way, and read all the way, the injury all the way, the youth of this shore, I eyebrow XinWei cu, listening to the wind tells the years of the past; Go all the way, appreciate all the way, listen to all the way, drunk all the way, time of the other side, you gently walk, bring me for my whole life the oath. Smile, as a jade, just like the cold winter la month of a warming Yang; Words, amiable and gentle, like stroke and a wisp of spring breeze; The heart, clear as bright, filled with tolerance and forthright.
In the boundless huge crowd, you I meet by chance, and then silence who know each other, as world all the fate, we own the roaming in, repeated a story of others. Looking at today's you and me, read the yesterday's he and she, original all is so similar to the ends of the earth, the same scene, every moment thousands of deduction. The different stage, the same script, different actors, the same lines, perhaps, that is what the world had said the world of mortals.
Life, seems to be a little spring and fall streams, no waves without wind, go light, so of the day, that you and I, is I have dreamed of. But he is always thinking of, perhaps our stories will be something different, always feel, I want life probably shouldn't so, always think, and the story you and I should deducing other wonderful. Perhaps this is the so-called is not satisfied with it.
Not content with me, occasionally also play a song in life all much ado about nothing. The occasional upset, the occasional sentimentality, occasionally sad sorrow bosom, such me, sometimes not even willing to tolerance, but you will always smiled and said it doesn't matter. A that's ok, covers the you to my tolerance. Thank you, thank you willing to listen to me, thank you willing to understand me, thank you for your concern and care of understanding.
Along the way, just behind the one season blossom has collected, have already in the years flows through place vanished, lift. Magging issues.it, those flowers, then no longer in those days Ming yan; Walk off, those figure, also do not know when from my life disappear; For a around, those familiar with smile, and those who agreed upon oath, and has set up a file in the baptism of the mood swept away. Looking back, QiFengChuYu also only you have been, from beginning to end with reckless abandon.
I know, you are always on, maybe not at nearby, but has lived in my heart. You are in my heart, so, I count the mirror in flower, and cicadas in the eyes of the tender you smile and looked at on the water, and know that you SiQi born rich, and son ChengYue vow.
You know, more than any other, I in the character of the much a slightly thin cool. Those who love, I do not say, and not understand; Those good, I don't talk, and not unknown; Those who warm, those carefully, I pretended that I don't know, but one can see in the eye, and talks to heart. I'm not good at expressing, doesn't mean I don't have felt in the heart, on the contrary, a warm action, a concern of look in the eyes, a warm words, of all things, I kept away, and put it in my heart.
Since always, all don't understand you in my life to a role play, from that year to now, you and I walked all the way from strangers, to close right now, our story is in what the beat is a? Perhaps the story is finalizing a play, also or two hearts were there, but I thank you have in this warm attitude in my MingTu.
Thank you for the lonely in my time took me by the hand, and thank you for making me again believe a fairy tale of aestheticism, thank you for your face my unreasonable never give up, thank you for your tender feelings with the whole life the warmth of my I thin cool, thank you to accompany me along the way. To you, please make I say thank you, thank you let me in such years can also ease dream, let me be able to a insignificant posture face a window to listen.
The dream flowers, quietly away, and in a hurry fell, some people, quietly, and silently walk, that time, like water flowing silence, from refused to make a little I stopped, and our story? Our story will end in where? Tomorrow's you I is near at hand, or the apart?
_______________
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Translated from http://anond.hatelabo.jp/20110907020451
For a long time, I am in a dark box.
According to someone's comment I heard outside of the box, a tiny bottle containing deadly poison is located in this box. Although the bottle is completely sealed, a hammer is positioned in the vicinity of the bottle. And they said the hammer would fall down at a certain time.
When is "the certain time"? I don't know. In this very moment? Or distant future? Possibly, it already has come (I don't want to think about it). No one can affect the hammer. As an independent event, it will fall down with probability 50%. The probability is exactly 50%. Possibly, the bottle may be broken, or may not. About myself, dead, or, alive.
I must say, how terrible the situation is.
It is impossible for me to avoid having a furious indignation. My life, the most important issue for me, is completely away from me, and is solely dependent on the simple figure, FIFTY PERCENT! Too much terrible.
Additionally, and I think it is completely unreasonable, I am shackled in many ways to keep the probability at exactly 50%.
Visual perception. The box is completely shielded from any light. It's for avoiding me from finding and destroying the bottle and apparatus. Complete darkness. I am in the total darkness. Thus, now I can’t see even the outline of myself. Possibly it sounds strange, the darkness makes me have a doubt about the existence of my body itself.
Acoustic perception. Maybe, from the reason I mentioned above, a perfect sound insulation is used. I can’t hear even the voice of my own. I don't know the mechanism. In the first place, as I can’t see anything, how can I investigate it? So, this is only a speculation, possibly, my drum membranes were damaged before enclosure in this box, or, some special material is used for the wall of the box.
Anyway, in a dark box too much good at shielding light and sound, my visual and acoustic perception is dead just as the term indicates.
As if further confirmation are needed, a huge fatigue weighing heavily upon me is another shackle for me. It seems that they gave me some kind of muscle relaxant to avoid me from struggling. As I can’t change from the same posture, my tactile perception is almost paralyzed.
No light. No sound. Smell and taste are unreliable. Tactile perception is in malfunction. I am like a puppet. All the five senses are out of control of mine. Too much cruel. Perfect shackles. I wish if they had given a sleeping medicine. I feel I am in agony without any external injury. My life, my existence itself, is completely ignored. Such a humiliation keeps my sanity. Only such a humiliation can.
The right to control the life and death of myself is completely deprived. I hate such situation. The core determinant of the continuity of my life is completely dependent upon, solely upon, a pure probability. Completely away from anyone's will. I hate it, again, I hate it!
Why do I have to be enclosed in such a box? In such a ridiculous box, why do I have to be in fear of life and death with such perfect shackles?
I am lonely. Am I feeling empty and flat? Difficult to avoid sobbing? No. My loneliness is much deeper. I am in a sea of void. I am alone. Completely alone. As an orphan, I was thrown into this endless darkness. I am quivering in the absolute zero.
There is no perspective in this box. Only the darkness is here. I can’t feel the bottle and the hammer. I can’t feel the wall, the bottom, and the ceiling neither. They should be there. But all the five senses of mine are deprived. I feel like there is nothing. While those things have some meanings.
Speaking honestly, I am not so sure I am in a box. I am sure that what I am exists. I am thinking. I am fantasizing. It is the evidence showing the uniqueness of mine, which is called the ego or the consciousness or the mind, is solid. But, is the uniqueness is truly enclosed in the box? Is it possible that it is floating in another space? I can’t eliminate such doubts.
Possibly, what I am here is floating in the end of the universe, or is lying down at the bottom of the Mariana Trench. Or going down from a vent of the Kilauea volcano, maybe.
I don't have any method to know how the box (enclosing me) is. All the senses of mine are dead. It is impossible for me to determine whether here is inside of a box or not.
In addition to that, I am not so sure that I am truly alive. I don't have any way to confirm such a simple thing. Possibly, the 50% probability has already passed beyond me. Maybe I am already dead. I am still alive, maybe. Injected with muscle relaxant, shallow breathes, weak heartbeats. Or, cessation of all of them, simply leaving meat bolus.
I am deprived of any capability of controlling my own body. Who can say that my mind resides in the body continuing vital activities? The five senses have been poisoned with the total darkness. They can’t function as sensory organs. I don't have any chance to know the truth. Possibly, any supposition is fabricated by myself. The situation surrounding me and the uniqueness of myself are components of programmed role-play, possibly.
About the existence of mine, I can’t determine the behavior. I hate to admit it, but I am in the middle of fluctuation.
I wish someone could find me. I wish someone could open the box and observe how I am, and determine what I am. There is not enough power inside me to do so. All I can do is to continue to quiver in the loneliness.
If I were the Almighty, I could say "Let there be light". I know it is impossible. But I can‘t help feeling how nice it would be if I could say so.
My own free will! It could fix every fluctuation surrounding myself!
At the same time, longing produces shadow. If the box is opened, I will be found and observed. As a result, what I am will be determined. To tell the truth, I can’t look away from the fact I am anxious about being determined.
Although I am unable to determine whether I am alive or dead by myself, I am afraid of the death. I am afraid that I am determined as a dead. I can’t accept. Still I can’t feel, I can’t imagine the death as a specific phenomenon. Probably, that is why I am afraid of death.
No, it should not be restricted to me. King of virtue. Deadly murderer. Regular folks. All the same. Maybe, the elder people or patients of bad disease could have some imagination sufficiently close to the true death. But, even so, it is impossible to know the specific experience of death.
In the end, death is the final destination with overwhelming significance. The time and the consciousness have an absolute irreversibility. Death also has the absoluteness which can’t be changed. Even if it is a ritual pass point or an outstanding impressive event.
Myself, the mind of mine here is, will be vanished at the moment at which how I am is determined. If they deprive the lukewarm water, in which I can’t feel the temperature, it is impossible for me to avoid exposing myself to the air.
I am afraid of such an irreversible change. It is not limited to the determination of death. Also I am so anxious that I am determined being alive.
The current existence of myself is like a tiny, tiny illusion standing on an endless point. Not larger than that. Not smaller than that. Not longer than that. Not shorter than that. No expansion. No shrinkage. Standing upon a unique single point. It is mathematically correct. I am something like a ghost staying upon such a point, having confusion about identity of myself.
The point exists at every position on a plane of coordinates, at the same time, not existing at a certain position. If a certain event occurs, on that moment, it will converge me to a single point among all the space-times, in which the event has occurred, as if having me step off a bus. Without any concern. Even if the point and I have been a one. The illusion, which has stayed in such a point, has possibilities of being real and being vanished like a mist, to an equal degree.
Now, I am existing in every time-space, I have every nature. At the same time, I am suffering from the loneliness that I am away from every nature. I wish someone can find me. At the same time, I am so anxious that where I will be, and that how I will be at that moment.
I have been released from the law of cause and effect. I am undetermined ever, for ever.
AutoHotKey・KeySwap・Atok2005を使った
また、これは AutoHotkey.ahk (AutoHotkey設定ファイル) 自身でもある。
ATOKプロパティ =>キー・ローマ字・色 タブ =>キーカスタマイズ
ここから。
────────────────────
; IMPORTANT INFO ABOUT GETTING STARTED: Lines that start with a
; semicolon, such as this one, are comments. They are not executed.
; This script has a special filename and path because it is automatically
; launched when you run the program directly. Also, any text file whose
; name ends in .ahk is associated with the program, which means that it
; can be launched simply by double-clicking it. You can have as many .ahk
; files as you want, located in any folder. You can also run more than
; one ahk file simultaneously and each will get its own tray icon.
; SAMPLE HOTKEYS: Below are two sample hotkeys. The first is Win+Z and it
; launches a web site in the default browser. The second is Control+Alt+N
; and it launches a new Notepad window (or activates an existing one). To
; try out these hotkeys, run AutoHotkey again, which will load this file.
#z::Run www.autohotkey.com
^!n::
WinActivate
else
Run Notepad
return
; Note: From now on whenever you run AutoHotkey directly, this script
; will be loaded. So feel free to customize it to suit your needs.
; Please read the QUICK-START TUTORIAL near the top of the help file.
; It explains how to perform common automation tasks such as sending
; keystrokes and mouse clicks. It also explains more about hotkeys.
; ! → Alt
; ^ → Control
; + → Shift
;────AutoHotKey.ahk のキーボードリマップ 2011_08_29_
; 変換 = IME ON (日本語) =>Atokの機能で実現
; 無変換 = IME OFF (英語) =>Atokの機能で実現
; CapsLock = F10 =>KeySwapで実現
; 右Ctrl = End =>KeySwapで実現
; その他はAutoHotKeyの機能で実現。
;vk1D::return ;無変換キー単体で動かないようにする
;RShift::^z ;右Shift で Ctrl+z
;SC07B & Space::send,{Blind}{Enter} ;無変換+Space で Enter
;SC07B & j::send,{Blind}{Home} ;無変換+j で Home
;SC07B & k::send,{Blind}{End} ;無変換+k で End
;SC07B & h::send,{Blind}^{Home} ;無変換+h で Ctr+Home
;SC07B & l::send,{Blind}^{End} ;無変換+l で Ctr+End
;SC07B & u::send,{Blind}{} ;無変換+u で
;SC07B & i::send,{Blind}{} ;無変換+i で
;SC07B & LButton::send,{Blind}{Home} ;無変換 + LButton でHome
;SC07B & RButton::send,{Blind}{End} ;無変換 + RButton でEnd =>Ctrlと組み合わせ可。
;SC07B & y::send,{Blind}^{ } ;無変換+y で Ctr+
;SC07B & o::send,{Blind}^{ } ;無変換+o で Ctr+
;SC07B & w::send,{Blind}{Home} ;無変換+w で Home
;SC07B & r::send,{Blind}{End} ;無変換+r で End
;SC07B & e::send,{Blind}{Up} ;無変換+e で Up
;SC07B & d::send,{Blind}{Down} ;無変換+d で Down
;SC07B & f::send,{Blind}{Right} ;無変換+f で Right
;SC07B & s::send,{Blind}{Left} ;無変換+s で Left
2::+2 ;2 を Shift+2 に
3::+3 ;3 を Shift+3 に
4::+4 ;4 を Shift+4 に
5::+5 ;5 を Shift+5 に
6::+6 ;6 を Shift+6 に
7::+7 ;7 を Shift+7 に
8::+8 ;8 を Shift+8 に
9::+9 ;9 を Shift+9 に
0::+- ;0 を Shift+- に
\::+\ ;\ を Shift+\ に
;──────────────────── http://nanabit.net/softwares/autohotkey/
; Alt+F6 (例:2011_08_04_)
; Ctrl+F6 (例:03:48)
; Alt+Ctrl+F6 (例:2011_08_04_16:45)
!F6::
Send, %A_YYYY%_%A_MM%_%A_DD%_
return
^F6::
Send, %A_Hour%:%A_Min%
return
!^F6::
Send, %A_YYYY%_%A_MM%_%A_DD%_%A_Hour%:%A_Min%
return
放て! 心に刻んだ夢を 国民を置き去りにして
出来ないなら･･･今ここで全てを壊せる
政策を批判されても 国会中は寝ているよ
Looking!
He slips again, will brazen it out to sneak away.
Only my MORAN Kan eat it. かいわれ
嘆願書に 光の速さで
掴め! 総理の席なら譲らず 辞めない孫産まれるまで
信じてるよ 小沢の助けを
立ち止まると 少しだけ 感じる切なさに
愛人には 今もまだ連絡つかないよ
打ち出した閣僚いつも 失言してはやめていく
Sparkling!
Scandal lights imcompetent his leadership.
Only my MORON Kan will sleep. 突然
ふらついてる 戸惑ってブレる
人気無くても 暴走(はし)り続ける
世襲なんて 吹き飛ばせばいい
うちの嫁が叫ぶ限り 誰ひとり邪魔などさせない
儚く舞う 無数の負債は
この予算に 積もってゆく
子供手当てで 見えてくるのは
財源無く 金ない政府
仕分けていく 隣国に媚びる
鳩山には 負けたくない
胸を張って 全て誇れる!
Looking!
He slips again, will brazen it out to sneak away.
Only my MORAN Kan eat it. かいわれ
やめて! 心に刻んだ夢を 国民を置き去りにして
----
誤字脱字は勘弁な。
I was at home the other night inth middle of my dinner when the phone rang.
ME:Hello.
ME:Thie is AT&T,
ME:Is this AT&T.?
AT&T:Yes! This is AT&T, may I speak to Mr.Byron, please?
ME:OK, hold on.
At this point I put the phone down for a solid 5 minutes thinking that, surely, this person would have hung up the phone. I ate my salad. Much to my surprise, when I picked up the receiver, they were still waiting,
ME:Hello?
ME:May I ask who is calling, please?
ME:This is AT&T?
ME:The phone company.
ME:I thought you said this was AT&T.
AT&T:Yes, sir, we are phone company.
ME:I already have a phone.
AT&T:We aren't selling phones today, Mr.Byron. We world like to offer you 10 cents a minute, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year.
ME:Now, that's 10 cents a minute, 24 hours a day?
AT&T:(getting a little excited at this point by my interest) Yes, sir, that's right! 24 hours a day!
ME:7 days a week?
ME:I am definitely interested in that! Wow!! That's amazing!
AT&T:We think so!
ME:That's quite a sum of money!
AT&TYes, sir, it's amazing how it adds up.
ME:OK, so will you send me checks weekly, monthly or just one big one at the end of the year for the full $52,560; and if you send an annual check, can I get a cash advance?
AT&T:Excuse me?
ME:You know, the 10 cents a minute.
AT&T:What are you talking about?
ME:You said you'd give me 10 cents a minute, 24 horus a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year. Thats comes to $144 per day, $1008 per week and $52,560 per year, I'm just interested in knowing how you will be making payment.
AT&T:Oh, no sir. I didn't mean we'd be peying you, You pay us 10 cents a minute.
ME:Wait a minutes. how do you figure that by saying that you'll give me 10 cents a minute, that I'll give YOU 10 cents a minute? Is this some kind of subliminal telemarketing scheme? I've read about things like this in the Enquirer, you know.
AT&T:No, sur, we are offering 10 cents a minute for
ME:THERE YOU GO AGAIN! Can I speak to supervisor please?
AT&T:Sir, I don't think that necessary.
ME:I insist on speaking to supervisor!
AT&T:Yes, Mr.Byron. Pleas hold.
At this point, I begin trying to finish my dinner.
ME:Yeah.
SUPERVISOR:I understand you are not quite understanding our 10 cents a minute program.
ME:is This AT&T?
SUPERVISOR:Yes, sir, it sure is.
ME:(I had to swallow before I choked on my food, It was all I could do to suppress my laughter and I had to be Careful not to produce a snort.) No, actually, I was just waiting for someone to get back to me so that I could sign up fo the plan.
SUPERVISOR:Ok, no problem, I'll transfer you back to the person who was helping you.
ME:Thank you.
I was on hold once again and managed a few more monthfuls. I need to end this conversation. Suddenly, there was an aggravated but polite voice at the other end of the phone.
AT&T:Hello, Mr.Byron, I understand that you are interested in sighning up for our plan?
ME:No, but I was wondering - do you have that "Friend and Family" thing because I'm an only child and I'd really like to have a little brother...
People all over the world think that Japan is ruined by nuclear accident. But that’s not true. We know the seriousness of the nuclear accident, but don’t despair. Nuclear can’t kill us.
In 1945, A-bomb killed many people and reduced cities to ruins. But in the cities, trains restarted to run after only 3 days. People returned to and rebuilt the cities soon. 5 years after, additionally, a professional baseball team was established at the cities. Now Hiroshima and Nagasaki become leading cities in Japan. We declare again, nuclear can’t kill us.
But if people avoid made-in-Japan product by harmful rumor, Japan is ruined, really.
We understand your wish for saving your loved one from radioactivity. We promise to respond your wish in a sincere manner and concentrate on ensuring product safety. Instead, we want you to respond our wish.
In 2011, we are rebuilding cities, slowly but surely. We believe reconstruction of our homeland.
Earthquake can’t kill us. Nuclear can’t kill us. We are killed only by you.
世界中の人々が、原発事故によって日本が破滅したと考えている。しかしそれは誤りだ。私達は原発事故を深刻に受け止めているが、絶望していない。核は私達を殺せない。
1945年、原子爆弾によって多くの人々が死に、街は廃墟となった。しかしたった3日後、街に電車が走った。人々はすぐに街に戻り、街を再建した。数年後には街でプロ野球チームが結成された。今では、広島と長崎とはともに日本有数の大都市となった。繰り返す。核は私達を殺せない。
しかしもし風評被害によって日本製品が買われなくなれば、日本は破滅する。
世界中の人々が、自分が愛する人々を放射能から護りたいと考えていることを、私達は理解している。私達は、あなた達の願いを最大限尊重し、私達の製品の安全性を確保するために尽力せねばならない。そのかわりあなた方には、私達の願いに応えてほしい。
2011年、私達は少しずつ、しかし確実に、復興に向けて進んでいる。私達は祖国の復活を信じている。
適当翻訳。(http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=101894543228386)
I found this information online, and I felt that I must share this for everyone in United States so that we can avoid any further death or risks from Kohlenstoff 14.
私はこの情報をインターネット上で見つけ、コーレンストフ14による危険を避けるためにこの情報を共有したいと思います。
_____________________________________________________
Kohlenstoff 14 is radioactive material which is found by recent research that those who are exposed to Kohlenstoff 14 die extremely high mortality rate. This post is intended to warn U.S. citizens for the potential risk of receiving kohlenstoff 14 and to give brief radiological effects from Kohlenstoff 14.
コーレンストフ14は放射能物質であり、コーレンストフ14に被爆した人々は高い確率で死亡することが研究によって明らかにされています。この情報はアメリカ市民の皆様にコーレンストフ14による潜在的リスクの注意を喚起すること、およびコーレンストフによる放射線効果の簡易の説明を行うことを目的としています。
Kohlenstoff 14 is one of the most dangerous radioactive materials due its high death rate after inhalation of Kohlenstoff 14, but the dangers of Kohlenstoff 14 do not end there.
コーレンストフ14は吸引後高い確率で死亡することが確認されている、もっとも危険な放射能物質であることが知られています。しかしながらコーレンストフ14の危険性はそれだけではありません。
Kohlenstoff 14 is dangerous itself, but it can react with Hydrogen to compose high addictive materials. These chemical compounds cause liver disease death. Several peer reviewed journal articles reveal that 14,406 died in US due to liver disease caused by chemical compounds of Kohlenstoff and hydrogen. Its high addictiveness is found that after first intake of these compounds, nearly a half of adult starts to take these chemical compounds again and again (Those who want accurate number, it is 52%.) Even worse, these chemical compounds cause loss of consciousness and ability to think. This effect is accounted for death of 23,199 in 2007.
コーレンストフ14はそれ自体危険な物質ですが、水素と反応し肝臓に疾患を発症させる中毒性のある物質を形成します。いくつかの査読論文では14406人のアメリカ人がこれらの化合物によって起こされる肝臓の疾患によって無くなっています。また、強度な中毒性は初めてこれらの化合物を摂取したのち、半数の人々が定期的に化合物を摂取するようになります。また、これらの化合物は思考能力の低下を引き起こします。これによって23199人の死亡が確認されています。
The danger of its chemical compounds is explained. However, the danger of Kohlenstoff 14 never ends. It must be carefully stated that, Kohlenstoff 14 does not cause all people to commit crime. Research was conducted to determine how often prisoners take Kohlenstoff 14. It was found that 100% of subjects in this research take or took Kohlenstoff 14 in their live before imprisonment. This research did not take sufficient enough number of subjects, but it gives possibility that Kohlenstoff 14 may drive people to commit crime. Furthermore research is needed.
化合物による危険性の説明をおこないました。しかしながら、コーレンストフ14の危険性はそれだけではありません。注意深く説明しなければなりませんが、必ずしもコーレンストフ14を摂取した人々がすべて犯罪を引き起こすわけではありません。しかしながら研究によれば、刑務所の受刑者の被験者は100％の確率でコーレンストフ14を以前に摂取したことが明らかにされています。この研究は十分な被験者があつめられたわけではありません、しかしながらコーレンストフ14の摂取が犯罪を引き起こす可能性があることが示されています。これはさらなる研究が必要です。
Kohlenstoff 14 dies hard. It is found by research that Kohlenstoff 14 remains in body for the rest of life even after intake of one pill (Dose is not important. Regardless the amount of dose, it remains.) In addition to this, the Kohlenstoff 14 is characterized by its very long half-life. It is quite impossible for it to disappear naturally. Therefore, special medical treatment must be applied to those who previously receive Kohlenstoff 14 in their live.
コーレンストフ14はなかなか無くなりません。コーレンストフ14は量にかかわらず摂取後体内に残留することが研究によって発見されています。加えて、コーレンストフ14はとても長い半減期を持つことが知られています。よって自然にコーレンストフ14が消滅することはありません。よって特別な医療治療がコーレンストフ14を摂取した人に適応されなければなりません。
I just found out that it takes very long time to explain the danger of Kohlenstoff 14. Hence, the following list is the suggested danger of Kohlenstoff 14 so far.
コーレンストフ１４の危険性を説明することは長い時間を要します。よって、リストを作りマスタ。
• It is found in greenhouse gas.
コーレンストフ14は温室効果ガスの中に発見されることがあります。
• Some infants are found to have taken Kohlenstoff.
幼児がコーレンストフを摂取つすることがあることが知られています。
• High radiation dose is exposed to U.S. citizens so far without noticed.
多くのアメリカ市民は秘密裏にコーレンストフ14より放射線を被ばくしています。
• It reacts with Oxygen and causes fire.
• Many countries can access to it without any restriction in laws.
多くの国々がコーレンストフ14を規制することなしに入手することができます。
• Kohlenstoff is very useful material for engineering purpose.
• Pure solid of Kohlenstoff is more expensive than gold. Impure Kohlenstoff is typically less than 1 dollar.
純粋なコーレンストフは金より高価であり、不純物をふくむコーレンストフは大変安価である。
• During the industrialization of England and U.S., Kohlenstoff was found in air and caused death.
アメリカと英国の工業化の時代に、コーレンストフは空気中に存在し、死者を生みました。
• The number of its compounds is reported 10 million so far.
コーレンストフは1000万以上の化合物の形をとることが知られています。
I explained the danger of Kohlenstoff 14 and I suggest U.S. citizens to work on banning these radioactive materials and to make an environment free from Kohlenstoff 14. It is expected that Kohlenstoff 14 fee environment costs more than 100 billion dollars, however.
コーレンストフ14の危険性をわかっていただけかと思います。そして私はアメリカ市民の皆様にコーレンストフ14を規制し、コーレンストフ14の存在しない環境を作るべきだと考えます、しかしながらコーレンストフ14の除去は100ビリオンドル以上かかることが予想されています。
This warning was written by S.s.
どうでもいいけど、信じるなよ
When the diesel generators were gone, the reactor operators switched to emergency battery power. The batteries were designed as one of the backups to the backups, to provide power for cooling the core for 8 hours. And they did.
Within the 8 hours, another power source had to be found and connected to the power plant. The power grid was down due to the earthquake. The diesel generators were destroyed by the tsunami. So mobile diesel generators were trucked in.
This is where things started to go seriously wrong. The external power generators could not be connected to the power plant (the plugs did not fit). So after the batteries ran out, the residual heat could not be carried away any more.
At this point the plant operators begin to follow emergency procedures that are in place for a “loss of cooling event”. It is again a step along the “Depth of Defense” lines. The power to the cooling systems should never have failed completely, but it did, so they “retreat” to the next line of defense. All of this, however shocking it seems to us, is part of the day-to-day training you go through as an operator, right through to managing a core meltdown.
It was at this stage that people started to talk about core meltdown. Because at the end of the day, if cooling cannot be restored, the core will eventually melt (after hours or days), and the last line of defense, the core catcher and third containment, would come into play.
But the goal at this stage was to manage the core while it was heating up, and ensure that the first containment (the Zircaloy tubes that contains the nuclear fuel), as well as the second containment (our pressure cooker) remain intact and operational for as long as possible, to give the engineers time to fix the cooling systems.
Because cooling the core is such a big deal, the reactor has a number of cooling systems, each in multiple versions (the reactor water cleanup system, the decay heat removal, the reactor core isolating cooling, the standby liquid cooling system, and the emergency core cooling system). Which one failed when or did not fail is not clear at this point in time.
So imagine our pressure cooker on the stove, heat on low, but on. The operators use whatever cooling system capacity they have to get rid of as much heat as possible, but the pressure starts building up. The priority now is to maintain integrity of the first containment (keep temperature of the fuel rods below 2200°C), as well as the second containment, the pressure cooker. In order to maintain integrity of the pressure cooker (the second containment), the pressure has to be released from time to time. Because the ability to do that in an emergency is so important, the reactor has 11 pressure release valves. The operators now started venting steam from time to time to control the pressure. The temperature at this stage was about 550°C.
This is when the reports about “radiation leakage” starting coming in. I believe I explained above why venting the steam is theoretically the same as releasing radiation into the environment, but why it was and is not dangerous. The radioactive nitrogen as well as the noble gases do not pose a threat to human health.
At some stage during this venting, the explosion occurred. The explosion took place outside of the third containment (our “last line of defense”), and the reactor building. Remember that the reactor building has no function in keeping the radioactivity contained. It is not entirely clear yet what has happened, but this is the likely scenario: The operators decided to vent the steam from the pressure vessel not directly into the environment, but into the space between the third containment and the reactor building (to give the radioactivity in the steam more time to subside). The problem is that at the high temperatures that the core had reached at this stage, water molecules can “disassociate” into oxygen and hydrogen – an explosive mixture. And it did explode, outside the third containment, damaging the reactor building around. It was that sort of explosion, but inside the pressure vessel (because it was badly designed and not managed properly by the operators) that lead to the explosion of Chernobyl. This was never a risk at Fukushima. The problem of hydrogen-oxygen formation is one of the biggies when you design a power plant (if you are not Soviet, that is), so the reactor is build and operated in a way it cannot happen inside the containment. It happened outside, which was not intended but a possible scenario and OK, because it did not pose a risk for the containment.
So the pressure was under control, as steam was vented. Now, if you keep boiling your pot, the problem is that the water level will keep falling and falling. The core is covered by several meters of water in order to allow for some time to pass (hours, days) before it gets exposed. Once the rods start to be exposed at the top, the exposed parts will reach the critical temperature of 2200 °C after about 45 minutes. This is when the first containment, the Zircaloy tube, would fail.
And this started to happen. The cooling could not be restored before there was some (very limited, but still) damage to the casing of some of the fuel. The nuclear material itself was still intact, but the surrounding Zircaloy shell had started melting. What happened now is that some of the byproducts of the uranium decay – radioactive Cesium and Iodine – started to mix with the steam. The big problem, uranium, was still under control, because the uranium oxide rods were good until 3000 °C. It is confirmed that a very small amount of Cesium and Iodine was measured in the steam that was released into the atmosphere.
It seems this was the “go signal” for a major plan B. The small amounts of Cesium that were measured told the operators that the first containment on one of the rods somewhere was about to give. The Plan A had been to restore one of the regular cooling systems to the core. Why that failed is unclear. One plausible explanation is that the tsunami also took away / polluted all the clean water needed for the regular cooling systems.
The water used in the cooling system is very clean, demineralized (like distilled) water. The reason to use pure water is the above mentioned activation by the neutrons from the Uranium: Pure water does not get activated much, so stays practically radioactive-free. Dirt or salt in the water will absorb the neutrons quicker, becoming more radioactive. This has no effect whatsoever on the core – it does not care what it is cooled by. But it makes life more difficult for the operators and mechanics when they have to deal with activated (i.e. slightly radioactive) water.
But Plan A had failed – cooling systems down or additional clean water unavailable – so Plan B came into effect. This is what it looks like happened:
In order to prevent a core meltdown, the operators started to use sea water to cool the core. I am not quite sure if they flooded our pressure cooker with it (the second containment), or if they flooded the third containment, immersing the pressure cooker. But that is not relevant for us.
The point is that the nuclear fuel has now been cooled down. Because the chain reaction has been stopped a long time ago, there is only very little residual heat being produced now. The large amount of cooling water that has been used is sufficient to take up that heat. Because it is a lot of water, the core does not produce sufficient heat any more to produce any significant pressure. Also, boric acid has been added to the seawater. Boric acid is “liquid control rod”. Whatever decay is still going on, the Boron will capture the neutrons and further speed up the cooling down of the core.
The plant came close to a core meltdown. Here is the worst-case scenario that was avoided: If the seawater could not have been used for treatment, the operators would have continued to vent the water steam to avoid pressure buildup. The third containment would then have been completely sealed to allow the core meltdown to happen without releasing radioactive material. After the meltdown, there would have been a waiting period for the intermediate radioactive materials to decay inside the reactor, and all radioactive particles to settle on a surface inside the containment. The cooling system would have been restored eventually, and the molten core cooled to a manageable temperature. The containment would have been cleaned up on the inside. Then a messy job of removing the molten core from the containment would have begun, packing the (now solid again) fuel bit by bit into transportation containers to be shipped to processing plants. Depending on the damage, the block of the plant would then either be repaired or dismantled.
Now, where does that leave us?
・The plant is safe now and will stay safe.
・Japan is looking at an INES Level 4 Accident: Nuclear accident with local consequences. That is bad for the company that owns the plant, but not for anyone else.
・Some radiation was released when the pressure vessel was vented. All radioactive isotopes from the activated steam have gone (decayed). A very small amount of Cesium was released, as well as Iodine. If you were sitting on top of the plants’ chimney when they were venting, you should probably give up smoking to return to your former life expectancy. The Cesium and Iodine isotopes were carried out to the sea and will never be seen again.
・There was some limited damage to the first containment. That means that some amounts of radioactive Cesium and Iodine will also be released into the cooling water, but no Uranium or other nasty stuff (the Uranium oxide does not “dissolve” in the water). There are facilities for treating the cooling water inside the third containment. The radioactive Cesium and Iodine will be removed there and eventually stored as radioactive waste in terminal storage.
・The seawater used as cooling water will be activated to some degree. Because the control rods are fully inserted, the Uranium chain reaction is not happening. That means the “main” nuclear reaction is not happening, thus not contributing to the activation. The intermediate radioactive materials (Cesium and Iodine) are also almost gone at this stage, because the Uranium decay was stopped a long time ago. This further reduces the activation. The bottom line is that there will be some low level of activation of the seawater, which will also be removed by the treatment facilities.
・The seawater will then be replaced over time with the “normal” cooling water
・The reactor core will then be dismantled and transported to a processing facility, just like during a regular fuel change.
・Fuel rods and the entire plant will be checked for potential damage. This will take about 4-5 years.
・The safety systems on all Japanese plants will be upgraded to withstand a 9.0 earthquake and tsunami (or worse)
・I believe the most significant problem will be a prolonged power shortage. About half of Japan’s nuclear reactors will probably have to be inspected, reducing the nation’s power generating capacity by 15%. This will probably be covered by running gas power plants that are usually only used for peak loads to cover some of the base load as well. That will increase your electricity bill, as well as lead to potential power shortages during peak demand, in Japan.
If you want to stay informed, please forget the usual media outlets and consult the following websites:
http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS_Battle_to_stabilise_earthquake_reactors_1203111.html
http://bravenewclimate.com/2011/03/12/japan-nuclear-earthquake/
http://ansnuclearcafe.org/2011/03/11/media-updates-on-nuclear-power-stations-in-japan/
結論：大丈夫。
MvK2010
I'm going to copy paste a full blog post of a research scientist at MIT here, who explains the situation at Fukushima much better than anyone else has, his message: no worries.
This post is by Dr Josef Oehmen, a research scientist at MIT, in Boston.
He is a PhD Scientist, whose father has extensive experience in Germany’s nuclear industry. I asked him to write this information to my family in Australia, who were being made sick with worry by the media reports coming from Japan. I am republishing it with his permission.
It is a few hours old, so if any information is out of date, blame me for the delay in getting it published.
This is his text in full and unedited. It is very long, so get comfy.
I am writing this text (Mar 12) to give you some peace of mind regarding some of the troubles in Japan, that is the safety of Japan’s nuclear reactors. Up front, the situation is serious, but under control. And this text is long! But you will know more about nuclear power plants after reading it than all journalists on this planet put together.
There was and will *not* be any significant release of radioactivity.
By “significant” I mean a level of radiation of more than what you would receive on – say – a long distance flight, or drinking a glass of beer that comes from certain areas with high levels of natural background radiation.
I have been reading every news release on the incident since the earthquake. There has not been one single (!) report that was accurate and free of errors (and part of that problem is also a weakness in the Japanese crisis communication). By “not free of errors” I do not refer to tendentious anti-nuclear journalism – that is quite normal these days. By “not free of errors” I mean blatant errors regarding physics and natural law, as well as gross misinterpretation of facts, due to an obvious lack of fundamental and basic understanding of the way nuclear reactors are build and operated. I have read a 3 page report on CNN where every single paragraph contained an error.
We will have to cover some fundamentals, before we get into what is going on.
Construction of the Fukushima nuclear power plants
The plants at Fukushima are so called Boiling Water Reactors, or BWR for short. Boiling Water Reactors are similar to a pressure cooker. The nuclear fuel heats water, the water boils and creates steam, the steam then drives turbines that create the electricity, and the steam is then cooled and condensed back to water, and the water send back to be heated by the nuclear fuel. The pressure cooker operates at about 250 °C.
The nuclear fuel is uranium oxide. Uranium oxide is a ceramic with a very high melting point of about 3000 °C. The fuel is manufactured in pellets (think little cylinders the size of Lego bricks). Those pieces are then put into a long tube made of Zircaloy with a melting point of 2200 °C, and sealed tight. The assembly is called a fuel rod. These fuel rods are then put together to form larger packages, and a number of these packages are then put into the reactor. All these packages together are referred to as “the core”.
The Zircaloy casing is the first containment. It separates the radioactive fuel from the rest of the world.
The core is then placed in the “pressure vessels”. That is the pressure cooker we talked about before. The pressure vessels is the second containment. This is one sturdy piece of a pot, designed to safely contain the core for temperatures several hundred °C. That covers the scenarios where cooling can be restored at some point.
The entire “hardware” of the nuclear reactor – the pressure vessel and all pipes, pumps, coolant (water) reserves, are then encased in the third containment. The third containment is a hermetically (air tight) sealed, very thick bubble of the strongest steel. The third containment is designed, built and tested for one single purpose: To contain, indefinitely, a complete core meltdown. For that purpose, a large and thick concrete basin is cast under the pressure vessel (the second containment), which is filled with graphite, all inside the third containment. This is the so-called “core catcher”. If the core melts and the pressure vessel bursts (and eventually melts), it will catch the molten fuel and everything else. It is built in such a way that the nuclear fuel will be spread out, so it can cool down.
This third containment is then surrounded by the reactor building. The reactor building is an outer shell that is supposed to keep the weather out, but nothing in. (this is the part that was damaged in the explosion, but more to that later).
Fundamentals of nuclear reactions
The uranium fuel generates heat by nuclear fission. Big uranium atoms are split into smaller atoms. That generates heat plus neutrons (one of the particles that forms an atom). When the neutron hits another uranium atom, that splits, generating more neutrons and so on. That is called the nuclear chain reaction.
Now, just packing a lot of fuel rods next to each other would quickly lead to overheating and after about 45 minutes to a melting of the fuel rods. It is worth mentioning at this point that the nuclear fuel in a reactor can *never* cause a nuclear explosion the type of a nuclear bomb. Building a nuclear bomb is actually quite difficult (ask Iran). In Chernobyl, the explosion was caused by excessive pressure buildup, hydrogen explosion and rupture of all containments, propelling molten core material into the environment (a “dirty bomb”). Why that did not and will not happen in Japan, further below.
In order to control the nuclear chain reaction, the reactor operators use so-called “moderator rods”. The moderator rods absorb the neutrons and kill the chain reaction instantaneously. A nuclear reactor is built in such a way, that when operating normally, you take out all the moderator rods. The coolant water then takes away the heat (and converts it into steam and electricity) at the same rate as the core produces it. And you have a lot of leeway around the standard operating point of 250°C.
The challenge is that after inserting the rods and stopping the chain reaction, the core still keeps producing heat. The uranium “stopped” the chain reaction. But a number of intermediate radioactive elements are created by the uranium during its fission process, most notably Cesium and Iodine isotopes, i.e. radioactive versions of these elements that will eventually split up into smaller atoms and not be radioactive anymore. Those elements keep decaying and producing heat. Because they are not regenerated any longer from the uranium (the uranium stopped decaying after the moderator rods were put in), they get less and less, and so the core cools down over a matter of days, until those intermediate radioactive elements are used up.
This residual heat is causing the headaches right now.
So the first “type” of radioactive material is the uranium in the fuel rods, plus the intermediate radioactive elements that the uranium splits into, also inside the fuel rod (Cesium and Iodine).
There is a second type of radioactive material created, outside the fuel rods. The big main difference up front: Those radioactive materials have a very short half-life, that means that they decay very fast and split into non-radioactive materials. By fast I mean seconds. So if these radioactive materials are released into the environment, yes, radioactivity was released, but no, it is not dangerous, at all. Why? By the time you spelled “R-A-D-I-O-N-U-C-L-I-D-E”, they will be harmless, because they will have split up into non radioactive elements. Those radioactive elements are N-16, the radioactive isotope (or version) of nitrogen (air). The others are noble gases such as Xenon. But where do they come from? When the uranium splits, it generates a neutron (see above). Most of these neutrons will hit other uranium atoms and keep the nuclear chain reaction going. But some will leave the fuel rod and hit the water molecules, or the air that is in the water. Then, a non-radioactive element can “capture” the neutron. It becomes radioactive. As described above, it will quickly (seconds) get rid again of the neutron to return to its former beautiful self.
This second “type” of radiation is very important when we talk about the radioactivity being released into the environment later on.
I will try to summarize the main facts. The earthquake that hit Japan was 7 times more powerful than the worst earthquake the nuclear power plant was built for (the Richter scale works logarithmically; the difference between the 8.2 that the plants were built for and the 8.9 that happened is 7 times, not 0.7). So the first hooray for Japanese engineering, everything held up.
When the earthquake hit with 8.9, the nuclear reactors all went into automatic shutdown. Within seconds after the earthquake started, the moderator rods had been inserted into the core and nuclear chain reaction of the uranium stopped. Now, the cooling system has to carry away the residual heat. The residual heat load is about 3% of the heat load under normal operating conditions.
The earthquake destroyed the external power supply of the nuclear reactor. That is one of the most serious accidents for a nuclear power plant, and accordingly, a “plant black out” receives a lot of attention when designing backup systems. The power is needed to keep the coolant pumps working. Since the power plant had been shut down, it cannot produce any electricity by itself any more.
Things were going well for an hour. One set of multiple sets of emergency Diesel power generators kicked in and provided the electricity that was needed. Then the Tsunami came, much bigger than people had expected when building the power plant (see above, factor 7). The tsunami took out all multiple sets of backup Diesel generators.
When designing a nuclear power plant, engineers follow a philosophy called “Defense of Depth”. That means that you first build everything to withstand the worst catastrophe you can imagine, and then design the plant in such a way that it can still handle one system failure (that you thought could never happen) after the other. A tsunami taking out all backup power in one swift strike is such a scenario. The last line of defense is putting everything into the third containment (see above), that will keep everything, whatever the mess, moderator rods in our out, core molten or not, inside the reactor.
http://anond.hatelabo.jp/20110314030613
へ続く
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/28/world/asia/28generation.html
敬称略。
東京 ― ホリエケンイチは有能な自動車エンジニアだった。日本ではこのような若い人材が、ハングリー精神あふれるライバルの中国や韓国と渡り合い、現在の地位を保つために必要とされている。30代前半のとき、彼は主要自動車会社に勤めており、先進的バイオ燃料のデザインによって評価を得ていた。
しかし、多くの日本人のように、彼は非正規労働者だった。時限付き（temporary）契約のもとで、雇用保障もほとんど無く、そのほとんどが40代後半である正規労働者に比べて半分の給料しかもらっていなかった。彼は10年以上正規労働者になろうと努力したが、ついに辞めた。時限付き契約だけではなく、日本そのものを、である。
ホリエは語る。「日本の会社は年老いた労働者を守るために若い世代を浪費している。日本では私の道は閉ざされている。台湾では私の履歴書は完璧だと言われた」
経済大国としての地位が揺らぐ中、日本は努めて、減ってゆく若い世代の生産性と起業精神を解放しなければならない。しかし日本はまさに正反対を行っているように見える。その結果、成長は衰え、年金問題を増加させ、この木曜日にスタンダード＆プアーズが日本国債の格付けを下げた主な理由の一つとなった。
"The Truth of Generational Inequities" （訳注・『世代間格差ってなんだ』 http://www.amazon.co.jp/gp/product/4569790216）の共著者である城繁幸（36）（訳注・http://blog.goo.ne.jp/jyoshige/）は語る。「若い世代の間では、どれだけ自分たちが頑張ろうとも、前に進むことはできないという意識がある。どの道も閉鎖され、頭を壁にぶつけているようなものだ」
年老いてゆく人口が日本の経済を停滞させ、既得権益を貪り、既に階層的な社会構造をより強固に、保守的にしていると、若い人々や専門家は警告する。その結果、日本は座して何もせず、成熟した経済が育てるべき新しい製品や会社や産業を実際に作っていかなければいけない時に若者を過小評価している。
ソニーやトヨタやホンダを作った国は、ここ数十年、若い起業家や社会のゲームを変えるような会社（Google や Apple のような ― どちらも20代が作った会社だ）を育てることに失敗してきている。
若者の雇用状況は、日本が二流であることを強調している。日本が何十年も停滞した結果、すべての世代で非正規雇用は増えてきているが、若い世代は一番痛くこれを食らっている。
昨年は15歳から24歳までの労働人口のうち、45％が非正規雇用者だった。この数字は1988年には17.2％であった。さらに、より上の年代の非正規雇用者率と比べても2倍近くの数字である。古い世代が古い方法に執拗に固執しているのだ。日本のメディアは日本の第二就職氷河期が深刻かを伝えている。2010年10月時点で、卒業生のうちたったの56.7％しか内定を得ていない。これは過去最低である。
世代間格差について研究してきた秋田大学の島澤諭教授は語る。「日本は世界で一番世代間格差のある国だ。日本が活力を失ったのは、古い世代が道を譲り、新しい世代にチャレンジして成功する機会を与えないからだ」
多くの国家が高齢化社会にあるが、日本の人口の惨状は本当に酷い。2055年までに40％の人口が65歳以上になるだろうと予想されている。いくつかの結果はずっと予想されていたことだ。例えばデフレである。多くの人が定年し、貯金で生活するようになると、出費を抑え、日本の国内消費の沈滞をさらに強くする。ところが、あまり予想されてこなかった効果として世代間格差の現れがある。
至る所で格差が格差を生んでいる。ホリエが指摘したように、会社が若い労働者を押しなべて低賃金で先の見えない仕事をさせ、結果的に古い世代にラクな仕事を残しておくためのコストを負わせている。またある人が言うところでは、年金制度が古い世代を優遇するようにねじれているため多くの若い労働者は支払いを拒否したり、アメリカ人にも馴染みのある "Silver democracy" （教育よりも高齢者に遥かにお金をかけること）が起こったり、時代遅れの雇用制度が disenfranchised (訳注・直訳では参政権を奪われたという意味らしいが、ここでは特権に預かれないという意味か？）な若いロストジェネレーションを生み出してきている。
明治大学4年のイノウエナギサは、仕事なしで卒業して給料の高い仕事に就ける機会を永久に失うよりも、大学で5年目を過ごすことを考えているという。これはつまり、日本の会社が、日本の企業文化により順応するとされている新卒ばかりに安定した正規の仕事を与えるからである。
皮肉なことに、イノウエは大企業で働きたいわけではなく、ただ NGO の環境団体に入りたいだけなのだ。しかしそれをすることすら彼女に正規雇用への道を閉ざすのだという。
「私はただ人と違ったことをすることができる自由が欲しいだけなのです。しかし、人と違ったことをするために支払うコストが大きすぎるのです」
多くの専門家は、厳しい経済情勢によるプレッシャーが日本の "one-size-fits-all" な（型にはまったことしか許さない）雇用システムに加わったと指摘する。明治大学のオンライン調査によると、18歳から22歳の若者のうち3分の2が、リスクを負ったりチャレンジしたりしたくないと感じている。そのかわり、彼らは内向的で、大志を持たずに生きることに満足するか、あるいは少なくとも諦めているという。
東京大学教育学部の本田由紀は語る。「古いシステムと若い世代にはミスマッチがある。多くの若い日本人が、彼らの親の世代のような仕事一辺倒の生活スタイルを望んでいない。しかし彼らには選択肢がないのだ」
民衆の怒りに反応して、厚生労働省は昨年の終わりに、雇用者に、卒業から3年までを新卒とみなすように通達した。さらに、新卒を採用した会社は最高で180万円の奨励金を出すことにした。
しかしながら、企業精神の不足ほど、若い企業にとっての障害、ひいては日本の経済の悲惨さを顕著に表しているものはないだろう。（訳注・id:oga_jp さんの訳、「恐らく起業の不全こそが、若年事業家の直面する最もあからさまな障壁であり、日本経済の行く末を悲惨にするものである」を参考にしました。ありがとう）
2009年に日本では株式公開（IPO）が19しか無かった。アメリカでは66だ。さらに、通産省によると、日本の起業家のほとんどが高齢である。2002年には日本の起業家のうち、20代は9.1％しかいなかった。アメリカでは25％だ。
日本の起業家で、自身の経験を元に本を書いた板倉雄一郎（訳注・http://twitter.com/yuichiroitakura）は語る。「日本はゼロサムゲームになってしまった。既得権益を享受する層は、新参者は彼らを狙う盗人であると恐れ、ビジネスをしようとはしないのだ」
多くの日本の経済学者や政策立案者（訳注・policymaker; 政治家ではない）は、起業精神を育てるのが日本の経済の病気への特効薬だと、ずっと主張してきた。これは歴史的前例に基づいていることでもある。日本は戦後の灰の中から、若い起業家が大胆なスタートアップを生み出し、世界を席巻したのだ。
しかし、多くの人々は、日本の経済はその全盛期から骨化してしまい、革新的な会社がもし生まれたとしてもほとんどないことだという。それはなぜかというと、多くの人々は日本で最も知られたインターネットの大君、堀江貴文の悲運を挙げる。
2000年代の初めに彼が突如登場したとき、彼は最も日本的でない人物だった。茶目っ気のある30代の前半で、会議室にTシャツを着てきて、図々しくルールを破り敵対的買収を始め、再び活性化してきつつあった日本の経済がついに飛び跳ねようとしていた時勢に乗った。彼は5年前に、古典的な天罰のように証券詐欺で逮捕され、メディアは彼を不快でやりたい放題のアメリカ式資本主義の象徴として悪者扱いした。
2007年に裁判所は、彼を会社の記録を改竄したとして有罪にした（まだ上告中であるが）。しかし、何人もの若い日本人が、取材中に若い世代の倦怠感を説明するときに堀江を取り上げるのである。彼らにとっては、堀江は別のものを象徴しているのだ（訳注・前段落の「資本主義の象徴」対して）。つまり、保守的な体制に潰された若きチャレンジャーだと。彼らに言わせると、堀江の逮捕は、「ボートを揺らすな」という若い人への警告であったという。
37歳になった堀江はメールで語った。「あれは、伝統が作り上げた秩序に静かに従っていたほうがいいというメッセージだったのだ」
He remains for many a popular, if almost subversive figure in Japan, where he is once again making waves by unrepentantly battling the charges in court, instead of meekly accepting the judgment, as do most of those arrested. （訳注・「判決を素直に受け入れるのではなく、懲りずに戦い続け、もう一度波を起こそうとする破壊分子のような人物としてまだ有名である」？）彼には総理大臣を超える50万人以上の Twitter のフォロワーがいて、人々をシステムに立ち向かうように促している。
25歳の大学院生にして、日本人が希望を失う中で幸せであり続けるための方法についての本（訳注・『希望難民ご一行様-ピースボートと「承認の共同体」幻想』 http://www.amazon.co.jp/gp/product/4334035787）を書いた古市憲寿（訳注・http://twitter.com/poe1985）は語る。「堀江は模範的な人物に今までで一番近い存在だ。彼は古い日本と新しい日本のせめぎ合いを代表している。」
古市や他の多くの日本人は、若い人は怒りや抗議を見せないという。そのかわり、彼らは自分を責めてドロップアウトしたり、親の世代より遥かに制限された展望の中で満足感を見つけようと、進んで諦める道を選んだりするという。
このような空気の中、若い政治家たちは同じ世代を政治に感心を持たせるのは大変だという。
高橋亮平（訳注・http://twitter.com/ryohey7654）は東京都市川市の元市議会議員で、他の若い政治家と共にワカモノ・マニフェスト（訳注・http://www.youthpolicy.jp/）の活動に加わった。これは若い日本人が自分たちの主張を表明するためのものだ。
2009年の終わりに彼は、市が若い家族や教育に投資を移すプラットフォームを掲げて市長に立候補した。しかし若い人はほとんど投票に関心を示さなかったので、市の最も有力な投票ブロックである退職者や建設業などの50代や60代に牛耳られた層に迎合するしかなかった。
高橋は語る。「時間が経つと、それだけで古い世代が力を持ってしまう。彼らは何もせずとも増えていくのだ」
彼はその選挙に負けた。彼は、日本が "silver democracy" つまり多くの予算が高齢者のために使われる社会、になってきているという痛いレッスンだったという。
専門家は、不足していく予算をどんどん切っていくことは、日本の若者が、現在の退職者が受けてきた利益を最早絶対に享受できないということを意味するという。試算によると、今日生まれた子供は、既に退職した人に比べて、年金、健康保険、その他の政府の支出を120万ドルも下回る額しか受け取れないことになる。年金だけを見てもこれは何万ドルにも何十万ドルにもなる。
結果として、日本の若者は集団でこのプログラムから逃げ出している。35歳以下の若者の半数が、年金を払っていないのだ。たとえこれが将来、彼らが年金をまったく受け取れないということを意味するものだとしても。高橋は言う。「フランスでは暴動が起きる。日本では単純に、払わないだけだ」
もしくは、ドロップアウトするだけだ。日本の最初のロストジェネレーションが10年前にしたように。
キョウコは、彼女の就職の見通しがこれ以上悪くなるのを避けるため、苗字を名乗るのを避けた。ほぼ10年前、早稲田大学の3年生だったとき、彼女は戦後の日本で踏みならされた、日本のトップ起業に入る道を進むつもりだった。彼女は、日本の起業が好む勤勉で服従的な人物に見えるように、熱心だが主張しすぎないように努めた。
10社ほど面接をウケた後で、彼女は軽いノイローゼになり、辞めることにした。以前は憧れた父親のような会社の戦士にはなりたくないのだと気付いたのだという。
卒業するまでに仕事を見つけることが出来なかった彼女は、フリーターという階層に入るほかなかった。低賃金な短期の非正規労働に甘んじる底辺層の若者のことである。2004年に卒業してから彼女は6つ仕事をしたが、そのどれも、失業保険も、年金も、毎月の給料も15万円以上払うことはなかった。
29歳のキョウコは語る。「これは私がなりたかったものではなかったと気付いた。でも、自分自身でいたことの代償がこんなに大きいのは何故なのだろうか？」
w
その人は見つかりませんでした。スペルは合っていますか？
d
Send 'm username message' to send a (private) message. You may reply to a message the same way.
f
Send 'follow @username' to follow one's tweets, e.g. 'follow @jack'. Have your friends send 'follow @testmanand007' to get your tweets
g
その人は見つかりませんでした。スペルは合っていますか？
l
Send 'leave username' to stop following someone. Send 'follow username' to follow again.
m
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＊
その人は見つかりませんでした。スペルは合っていますか？
改行
Something is technically wrong. Please try again in a moment.
http://anond.hatelabo.jp/20100715165527 の続き、法則じゃなくて実践編。
グッモーネン
Good morning.
Good afternoon.
グッナイッ
Good night.
Nice to meet you.
アイムフルムジャペアン
I 'm from Japan.
ジャスタリルウ
Just a little.
テンキュ
Thank you.
ユオウェウクム
You are welcome.
ナラローウ
That's OK.
ドンウオウリアバウレッ
Don't worry about it.
ハオユ？
How are you?
ワツァッ？
What is up?
テイケオ
Take care.
ハバウシャペン？
How about shopping?
アイウテイケッ
イゼリナフ？
Is that enough?
メヤイカミン？
May I come in?
ゲラウラヴヒア
Get out of here.
プリーズハヴスィーツ
アイガーレッ
I got it.
メイクセンス
Makes sense.
アイナッシュオ
I am not sure.
アイディンーノウダーッ
I didn't know that.
セイーラゲイン
Say it again.
オユシュオ？
Are you sure?
アイニーラキャーブ
I need a cab.
I am getting off.
ワッシュライドゥ？
What shuld I do?
テイケルーズィ
アイガーラゴウ
A couple of minutes.
ギンミスメデスン
Give me some medicine.
A cup of coffee, please.
Can I have some water?
Let me get a slice to go.
ドゥヤヴ コウク？
Do you have coke?
ケニュテイカワペクチョ？
Can you take our picture?
クジュウテウミ ダウリルダ ボウスタフェス？
Could you tell me the way to the post office?
How do I get to Tokyo station?
I want you to pick me up at the airport.
ジュマインデファイ オウペナドア？
Do you mind if I open the door?
ワルヨーテンカバウレッ？
プリーッセンミスマネ ズスーネズパセボウ
Please send me some money as soon as possible.
ワッカイナムーヴィズ ドゥユライク？
What kind of movies do you like?
Do you want to listen to music?
I am going to visit the United States.
I don't feel lile it.
I am supposed to go see a docter.
ワツダネクスタッ（ｐ）
ハーロンダゼッテイク？
イツユオズイズネッ？
It is yours, isn't it?
アイハフタドゥマイベスッ
I have to do my best.
ハヴュベナセアロウ？
Have you been to Seattle?
アイウォズエイボラスウィム
I was able to swim.
ウィアダラーラスノウ
We had a lot of snow.
I shoud have bought a brand new computer.
仕事切り上げて
How to Begin and End Email
Beginnings and endings are a challenge in most activities, but in email getting off to a good start and ending positively will strengthen the communication and increase understanding.
Start with a specific subject line.
Choose the better subject line in each pair below:
1. a. New Phones
b. New Phone Installation: Your Action Required
2. a. Update on Development of Sales Model
3. a. Summer newsletter
b. 10 Great Tips for Summer vacation
In number 1, the second choice conveys a sense of urgency and action, whereas the first choice falls flat. In 2, the longer title focuses the reader on which update the email is explaining. In 3, you don’t really have much choice. Who would take a?
Next comes the greeting.
Examples:
• Hi, Fred and Lauri.
• Hi, team.
• Greetings, everyone
• Good morning, Sayed. (If Sayed this message in the morning)
• Jian, we are looking forward to meeting you next week.
• To: Finance and Administration Team
• To all employees:
• David,
• Ruth, Mala and Felicia:
The last five examples must be on a separate line at the top of the message. All the others can be either a separate line or at the beginning of a paragraph.
Choose the greeting that matches your relationship with the reader(s) and the purpose of the message. “Hi” is friendly but too informal in certain situations—for example, in response to a request for a proposal. “Hello” is friendly and professional. “Hey”is too informal and slangy for most messages.
“To” followed by a pronoun like “all” or the name of a group sounds professional but does not convey warmth. Warmth is required in all messages, but please remember that you must always consider the position of the receiver.
Avoid gender-based greetings such as “Ladies.” Even if the group you are writing it is all women, some among them will object to this greeting.
Do not greet people whose name is included on the Cc line. Only greet people whose names are on the To line of the email.
The punctuation of greetings is a topic for discussion. All the punctuation used in the list above is correct. Some people use “Hi team” and “Hello Robin” without the comma, but traditional writers retain the comma. The reason is that these words are in “direct address.” When we directly address the reader, as in “Hi, team” (or in the example that begins with “Jian”) the name is separated from the other words by a comma.
“Dear Mr. Mathews” is followed by a colon in a business letter and in an email that replaces a business letter. However, it is also acceptable to use a comma after a
“Dear” greeting in a business email.
In a quick exchange of email with someone it is not necessary to continually greet your reader. Compare such an exchange with putting the person on hold on the telephone. When you return to the phone call, you say, “Thanks for holding. I have the information: rather than “Hi Laurie.”
The last sentence of an email is like the last words of a phone call. They may be a quick signoff or a courteous close, depending on the formality of the communication.
Examples:
• See you in Tokyo!
• Have a great trip!
• I will email you in August to schedule lunch.
• Please call me again with any questions
• Thanks again for all your help with the design.
• Thank you for your cooperation. We appreciate the opportunity to work with you.
Avoid continually using “Have a great day!” or similar expression as your closing sentence. It became meaningless with constant use and it is a bad fit with email that communicates a policy or serious announcement.
It is not wise to save a request for action or approval until the end of the message. Email readers do not read to the end of a message when they believe they have gotten the main point already.
A complimentary close—yes or no?
Business letters typicall end with phrases called “complimentary closes” such as “Sincerely yours,” “Best wishes,”and “Best regards.” A complimentary close is not required in email. However, business email often uses such a close to sound formal, look professional, or simply communicate courteously.
Examples:
• Sincerely,(the most formal of the list)
• Best regards, (professional)
• Warm regards, (professional and warm, as you would expect)
• Regards, (less friendly than the other 2 regards choices)
• With best wishes, (or) Best wishes, ( professional)
• With thanks, (professional and grateful)
• Ciao! (friendly and rather informal)
• Cheers, (friendly)
A word like “Greetings” does not belong in a close. It may be used in the last sentence, though, to greet others who might see the message:
• Please give our greetings to Dr. Carr
• Greetings to your colleagues in Systems Research
Although people frequently use “Thanks” as a close, it is not standard, and careful writers avoid it. Do not use “Thanks in advance” as a close, because many people find it presumptuous. Rather than “Thanks” or “Thanks in advance,” create a better sentence, such as “Thanks for considering my request.” Or use “With thanks” as a complimentary close followed by a comma.
Advice for those who receive less-than-perfect Email. You will sometimes receive email that is less than perfect, which means you might feel a bit offended by them. My advice to you on this is to get through them and leave them behind. Bring a bright smile to your face and a kind tone to your email reply. Forgive those whose writing was clumsy, abrupt, or annoying. They were merely experiencing moments of being human and imperfect.
久しぶりに酒を飲んで酔い心地になって、勢いで何故かBluebellsの動画をYouTubeで探し始めたのが運の尽き。BluebellsがAztec Cameraに、さらにOcean Colour Scene、Trash Can Sinatras、そして何時の間にやらパーフリに。Friends Againを聴き始めた頃には既に涙が止まらなくなっていた。今もCamera Camera CameraのギターポップバージョンをBGMに、止めどなく流れる涙をこらえつつ、酔いに任せて書いている。鬱屈した日常を送る高校時代の僕にとって、この上なく純粋でこの上なく美しい、この上なく真実なのにこの上なく嘘くさい、自分にとっての「青春」の象徴、それが彼らであった。
その頃の僕は今でいうオタクやヒキコモリに近い、都会的だけど暗くて内気な自己顕示欲の塊だった。小沢と小山田に対する忠誠心は誰よりもあると自負しながら、親が出してくれる金で彼らのCDを購入するのがせいぜいで、かれらの音楽をどんなに愛していると信じていても、そのライブに赴く勇気も行動力も欠如していた。
誰よりも早く彼らのCDを購入し、CDショップでのイベントに出向き、MTVはエアチェックし、FM横浜は毎週欠かさず聞いていた僕にとって、その瞬間はあまりにも突然に訪れた。無機質な女声が語る彼らの解散の知らせを、僕はその瞬間には何の感動もなく、だが次の瞬間に訪れる限りない混沌とともに聞いた。
エンディングに流れるTokyo's Coolest ComboのFriends Againはその後永遠のレクイエムとなって僕の中に焼き付けられた。Friends Againに見たはずの大学時代を、彼らとは全く別の意味で理想的にすごし、周囲に迎合してそれを幸せと感じた大学時代を経て、気がつくと僕は高校時代に最も嫌悪していたような、平凡で退屈極まりない人間になっていた。
悲しいことに、それが平凡でも平均でもないこともわかっていた。それがオトナになるということなのかもしれないけど、かつての僕が死ぬほど忌避していたことには変りない。尾崎とピチカートの両方を評価するようになった僕にとって、もはやあの輝かしく危うく誰よりも純粋でまがい物である二人のOは、決して近づくこともできなければかといって忘れることも許されない存在となった。輝かしい未来の象徴は、決して叶うことのなかった美しい過去の遺産となった。
僕は今彼らの歌を涙なしに聞くことができない。再結成して欲しいアーティストとして彼らの名を挙げる人たちがいる。その安直で単純な思考を理解しないわけではないが、あの時別れたあの道は、もう決して交わってはならないし、また交わることもないだろう。
未来と革新と反抗と青春の象徴であった彼らの楽曲も、そう信ずる僕らの思いとは裏腹に、かつてなく反体制的・非倫理的であったビートルズと同じように、今では当時の「時代」を解釈するための科学的な要素して評価されてしまっている。
でも僕らは覚えている。それが決して健全な目的に余するような、誰もが求める優秀な生徒ではなく、皆が忌避しかつ心のどこかで憧れる、それは大人すらもまきこむような、この上なく嘘くさくて、でもごまかしのきかない姿であったことを。
error: operation not allowed.
cause: I want you not to die.
1: take a break.