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はてなキーワード: COOLとは
私もけじめとして、これからはハックルというネット上の人物の応援をやめて岩崎夏海というリアルを応援することにします。
ハックルというキャラのポテンシャルの１０分の１も吐き出されていない不完全燃焼もいいところの駄作でした。
テレビでの発言などを見ても、岩崎夏海という真面目だがサービス精神のかけらもない面白みのかけた朴念仁と、
ああ、この人はハックルをやめて岩崎夏海になってしまうのかな、と危惧していた時期もありました。
実際、もしドラが伸び続けている間、ハックルとしての活動が途絶え、私も絶望の日々を過ごしました。
しかしハックルさんは戻ってきて、再びサービス精神にあふれた記事をを提供してくれました。
ハックルは消えない、岩崎夏海がどれほどビッグになろうが、ハックルはいつでもここにあるのだ、と信じさせてくれました。
もしドラ以降の著書もすべて読ませて頂きました。
これらはハックル成分が完全ではないもののかなり濃く含まれており、俺得な出来でした。
そして、これらの本は、出すたびに売上がDeNAの株価も真っ青なほどに下がっていきました。
「もしドラの岩崎夏海」ブランドを守ろうという意識など全くなく
出版社を泣かせながらもハックル節を貫くあなたをみて、強く勇気づけられることになりました。
私にとってハックルとは、COOL！COOL！COOL！としか言いようがない、並のフィクションを超えた極上のエンターテインメントでした。
むしろきっぱりとハックルというキャラを切り捨てて岩崎夏海として生きてもらいたい。
普段は一個の個人として自分の思いを語ってますよというスタンスを取っておきながら
少しはてブDisられるとすぐに家族やら社会的地位を持ちだして説教したがるどこかの医者のような人にはなってもらいたくないです。
そういうことをサれると心の底から興ざめです。
もうネットでのサービスはいいです。現実に集中させて、たとえばあなたの奥さんをお笑い界のもしドラとなるように育ててあげてください。
でも、結婚したからには責任をもってそのハックルを飼い慣らし、
ネットのクズどもではなく、身の回りの人に幸せと勇気を与えるような存在になってください。
万が一にも、ハックル的な要因がもとで結婚や生活がダメに成ったりした場合には、心のそこから岩崎夏海という人物を軽蔑します。
もちろんそれでもハックルのことは愛するでしょうが、岩崎夏海という人間についての評価はゴミクズ以下とみなします。
ハックルに変わってみんなにガツンといってあげたり余計なお世話をしたり承認欲求の権化になることは出来ます。
そのうち第二、第三のハックルも生まれてくるでしょう
Pythonの方が弄れる対象が多いのに、なんでウェブ系だとPHPの方が流行ってんだろ
端末からのテキスト処理も楽だし、数値計算周りのライブラリも充実しているのに
PHPが優遇されているのって歴史的な経緯以外に何か他の理由でもあるのか？
けどまぁ、情弱な文系SEが大半を占めているバカだらけの日本じゃ別にPHPで困ることもないか
数値計算や端末からのテキスト処理なんてWeb系じゃ大して使わないからなあ…
Pythonに関しては、ZopeさえコケていなければWebサーバ用LLとして大成功していたはずなのに、
Railsなんかが登場したおかげで、すっかり影が薄くなってしまいますた....
ってか、railsにインスパイアされたフレームワークって今じゃ幾らでもあるよね
djangoとかCakePHPとか。rubyってRoRを使いたいユーザを除くと、
pythonやPHPの方がユーザー数は圧倒的に多いと思うんだけど
本家のrailsって、他を遥かに越えるほど良いものなんだっけ？
44
Zopeが登場した当時、「RDB+PHPはもう古い、これからはOODB+ZopeがWebの中軸になる！」と
少なくとも自分はZopeからPythonという言語を知ったし、その時点でRubyは知らなかった
そして、その後のORM(RDB)+Railsの出現と華々しい革新性への注目は、誰もが知っているだろう
今でもZopeの開発は継続されてはいるが、結果的に当初の期待が大きく裏切られたという事実は動かしがたい
djangoとCakePHPについては実際に触っていないので憶測になるが、おそらく技術水準ではRailsと同等だろう
しかしRailsはRailsでコミュニティの活動が活発だし、その進化は異常に早い
Railsに何か致命的なトラブルが発生して開発が停滞する、あるいはdjangoやCakePHPから
何かのイノベーションが提示されでもされない限り、後発のdjangoやCakePHPがRailsに追いつくのは無理
Railsは決して技術的に完璧なWebフレームワークではないんだけどね....（たとえばSeaSideのような.... ）
だからこそ「もしもZopeが....だったなら」という「たら・れば」感はPythonコミュニティの潜在認識になっている
C a k e P H P は う ん こ
CakePHP使ってんの？
可哀そうにw
でもやっぱりいつもの使い慣れたLL(Python/Ruby)で
Webサービスを書きたいってのがある
求人数は
Ruby on Rails＞＞＞＞＞＞＞＞Django
http://www.indeed.com/jobtrends?q=django%2Cruby+on+rails&l=
どういうことなの？
求人数が多いのはそのためだと思うよ
なんかのミスかと思ったがアメリカでもRuby on Railsは人気があるのかなあ・・・
Pythonのほうが使いやすいと思うのだがフレームワークはRailsが優位なんだろうか
Djangoは周辺ライブラリが微妙だし本体も鈍くさい感じがする。
でも、FlaskはSinatraより好きだから、Pythonが嫌いってわけではない。むしろ好き。
ただ、いざ作り始めるとやっぱりRailsが楽だなあってなって、Railsを使い続けている。
同感だ
同じように思っている人が他にもいて安心した
PHPはフレームワークが乱立しすぎているから、RailsをPHPで実装してみようというやつが出てきた。
それに比べてPythonは、Zopeというデファクトスタンダードが既に存在していたけど、
ただ、どうやってもRailsもどきがRailsを超えることはできないのは間違いない。
パクリはオリジナルを超えられない(ｷﾘｯ って定型句だけど、
これってｷﾘｯって言いたいだけだと思う。
D言語って超えたって？
B言語って超えたって？
PHPで同じ事をできないわけではないだろうけど、Ruby on Railsほど簡潔にはできない
まあくだらねえWEBサービス作って喜んでる情弱は早く死ねって事だよ
そういう理由じゃなくてRailsのほうが単純に情報もプラグインも多いからでしょ
linuxじゃデフォのツールなんだし、ツールとの連携を考えたらpython一択じゃん
わざわざ不合理で不完全な言語を使うなんて
もしも
＞linuxじゃデフォのツールなんだし、ツールとの連携を考えたらpython一択じゃん
真実であるのなら、今頃はdjangoの情報とプラグインが溢れかえっているはず
yumや、gdbとgnomeの拡張がpythonであるからといって、それをwebアプリでも使いたいと思う人は少ないというだけのこと。
ソースからインストールする必要があったとしても、web開発ではrubyを使いたいという人が多いというだけのこと。
というか、世界中のPythonプログラマが Remeber Zope!! を合い言葉に
打倒RailsたるWebフレームワークを開発しているはずだけど、
Railsも登場してから、かなりの年月が経過しているんだけどなぁ....
その間にもRailsはRails 3が登場して、REST/AJAXの強化等の進化が継続しているよ
Ruby では
ary.map {|x| x**2}
map(lambda x: x**2, ary)
となり、lambda の本体が1つの式では表現しきれなくなると
.....
と書き換える必要があります。
f = lambda x:(x and f(x-1)*x)or 1
RubyにはPythonのように「lambda本体は式でなければならない」という限定がありませんから、
f = lambda{|x|if x == 0 then 1 else x*f.call(x-1) end}
または
f = lambda{|x|x == 0 ? 1 : x*f.call(x-1)}
と書けます。lambda内でreturnが使えますから、書きたければ
f = lambda{|x|if x == 0 then return 1 else return x*f.call(x-1) end}
でもOKです。
348
これはPythonをdisっているように見せかけてRubyをdisっているのか？ と一瞬思ってしまったｗ
だってRubyのほうが長くない？CLのfuncallみたいなcall()がちょっとうざいし…
そしてどっちもlambda式の中で束縛変数の名前で再帰可能、と
print [x*2+100 for x in [1,2,3,4,5] if x > 2 and x < 5]
暗号のように見える。
puts [1,2,3,4,5].select{|i| i > 2 and i < 5}.map{|i| i*2+100}
思考の流れと、コードの流れが一致しているので書きやすい。
map(lambda x: x*2+100, filter(lambda x: x > 2 and x < 5, [1,2,3,4,5]))
pythonて可読性が高いのをうたってる割にはそこいまいちだよね
Rubyの場合には、左から右へと無名関数がデータフローあるいは
関数型プログラミングに不慣れな初心者でも、参照透明性のあるコードが自然に書ける
プログラマにとって優しい or プログラミングの楽しさを教えてくれるのがRuby
それと比較すると、Pythonのコードは、関数型プログラミングというものが
いかに高度で難解なものであるかという事をもったいぶってプログラマに押し付ける
もしもPythonしか知らないプログラマであれば、関数型 = 難解 という印象を持つだろう
階乗計算くらいだと単純すぎて、ナゼ重要なのかが分かりづらいと思うのでコードで示す
result_list = source_list.map { |elem|
x = foo(elem.x) # ここが局所宣言を書く部分
x + y # 最後に評価された式の値が、無名関数のリターン値になる
}
Rubyでは、map等に与える無名関数の中で局所的な環境(クロージャ)が作られるから、
x = foo(...) のような代入文がいくつでも(= 複雑な処理でも)書ける
このポイントは、実用的なプログラムを関数型風で書こうとした時に、威力を発揮する
余計分かりづらくなった
高卒ドカタなんだろうなぁと可哀想になる
集合の表記に似せてることが分かるから
355
＞map/filterはfor/ifと同じだと言っているだけだから、難解という印象は持たない。
関数型プログラミングに慣れた、あるいは得意な人であれば、そういった印象なんだろね
Rubyの魅力はこれから関数型プログラミングを学ぼうとする初心者、 あるいはそんな初心者へ教える立場から見た、優しさ or 分かりやすさなんだ
[1,4,3,2].sort.reverse.map{|x| x.to_s}.join('-')
Pythonだと読みにくい。
'-'.join(map(str, reversed(sorted([1,4,3,2]))))
Pythonでは思考の流れと一致しないばかりか、「カッコだらけ」のコードになると.....
カッコだらけのコードを分かりやすくする基本的な方法は静的単一代入じゃないか
Rubyのやり方は基本ではなく玄人のやり方だろ
Pythonでは組み込みの型でメソッドチェインはやって欲しくないな
似たようなコレクションtuple,deque,array,queue等にも同じメソッドが必要になってくるし。
372
外部のライブラリでも列挙可能なものは、たいていEnumerableモジュールをimportしてますね
Rubyユーザーは列挙可能なものはmapやselectできて当然だろって思ってる気がします
Pythonは「何かを便利に書くためのしわ寄せ」をはっきり寄せてくる
得意と不得意を言語レベルではっきり主張するのでメリケン好みと言えなくもない
Rubyは全方位になんとなく八方美人なので、全体的になんとなく書きやすくてなんとなくキモくて遅い
「書きにくいってことはその処理に向いてないってことだから諦めろ」を地で行く
無名関数が文を使うほど複雑なら名前を付けるのが Python 流と想像。
これを読みづらいと感じるのは、左から右に流れる
もしかしてアラビア語ネイティブな人からすると逆に読みやすいのか？
Now, a digital camera is mainly rely on battery with power. Use the battery also has a lot of attention to the place, so that they can make a battery "prolong life".
In order to avoid the loss of the power problem, you want to keep the battery on both ends of the contact points and the battery cover internal clean. If the surface is very dirty words to use soft, clean dry cloth FuShi gently, can never use clean sex or the chemical has the solubility cleaner, such as diluent or contain alcohol solvent composition of the clean your digital camera, battery or charger.
For charging time, depends on the charger and battery, and whether the use of voltage stability, and other factors. Usually the first time to use the battery (or several months used battery) charging, li-ion batteries must more than six hours, the nimh batteries must be more than 14 hours, or future battery life will be short. And the battery and residual power, try not to repeat charging, to ensure the battery life.
Use process to avoid a discharge. A discharge is a power consumption over limit. Otherwise even recharge and its capacity cannot fully recover, for the battery is a kind of damage. Due to a discharge can lead to bad battery charging efficiency, reduce capacity, therefore camcorders are equipped with battery alarm function. So in similar circumstances should appear to replace the battery, try not to let the batteries run out and make the camcorders automatic shutdown.
The preservation of the battery
If you plan to use a long time without digital camera, must want the battery from a digital camera or remove the charger, and the discharge completely, and then stored in a dry, cool and environment, and try to avoid the battery and general metal items stored in together. In order to avoid short-circuited batteries, in batteries need not when, should cover to protect its preservation.
Digital camera battery is the key for the key, second in importance only lens I’m afraid, and in order to photograph in your heart, a powerful battery to provide power as a follow-up is essential. But even the best battery time, if not properly carry out maintenance and maintenance, will not take long to lose the strong power, so battery maintenance is very important.
Battery Maintenance
For a (section) digital camera battery for the duration of use, not just its quality, power on, in fact, the use of operations with the user also has great relevance. Most photographers are used after every use of the camera on the camera bag inside, or on the cupboard, took out the battery is not kept separately, this approach sounds fine, but not conducive to battery protection.
If more than 15 days do not usually use the camera, it is best to remove the battery from the camera inside the store alone, save the environment, it is best to dry and cool place, and do not store the battery together with metal objects.
According to our survey, you can buy in the market most digital cameras use lithium batteries, it is relatively easy to store. The only caveat is that if not used for long, preferably at intervals of 2 months to activate a battery, which is the charge and discharge time, this can effectively extend battery life.
As for the Ni-MH battery 5, the most annoying is the memory effect, this effect will reduce the overall battery capacity and the use of time, and as time goes on, less and less stored charge, the battery will consume the more you have to faster. Therefore, we should try to run out of power rechargeable, each charge must be sufficient to power the most full.
If you go out, the temporary use of alkaline batteries, we must remember that time out, or when unused for long periods, the battery is easy to Tangshui corrosion circuit, the digital camera battery could not escape the destiny scrapped.
For users of alkaline batteries, already mentioned above, remember the point is finished using the digital camera, remove the battery must remember to avoid the phenomenon of cell sap and damage the machine.
As for the use of rechargeable nickel-metal hydride batteries and lithium users. Battery charge is very particular about, bought back the batteries are generally very low or no power consumption, the first charge must be adequate. Lithium battery charging time is generally longer than 8 hours, while the Ni-MH battery charging time is generally more than 16 hours. To achieve best results, that is, the battery has reached its maximum capacity, generally more than 3 times repeated charge-discharge can. Battery with three times, the best opportunity to find a completely exhausted battery to charge again, try not to charge the battery when there are remnants of repeated charge, or will shorten battery life. After the battery charge is generally more heat, it is best to be cool and then into the camera battery.
But note that lithium batteries because there is no memory effect, so do not discharge, otherwise it will damage the digital camera battery structure, loss of battery life.
In addition, in order to avoid the loss of electricity, the use of nickel-metal hydride battery user, charging is completed, remove the battery, do not let the battery contact with the conductor while the positive and negative poles, for example, do not use your fingers touch both ends of the battery. The use of lithium users should try to keep the camera inside the battery positive and negative battery contacts clean, if necessary, wipe with a dry cloth and then gently wipe the battery.
Also note that, even if the user is to use lithium batteries, digital camera in a long time when not in use, should be completely discharged, remove the battery, stored in a dry, cool environment. The other thing to note is that both the nickel-hydrogen batteries or lithium batteries using the user, it is best not to have a charged battery on the purse, pocket, bag or container with metal objects, in order to prevent short-circuit .
Digital camera battery power Dafa:
1, to avoid frequent use of flash: If you are not professional photographers, then, except in the invisible fingers of the night, the light intensity of an ordinary day for the average digital camera, it is enough.
2, try to avoid unnecessary zoom operation: zoom the camera lens stretched it out a reduction, is power digital camera battery. You can move the pace of hyperactivity, with “artificial zoom” approach instead of “camera zoom” to save power.
3, Do not let the screen has been lit: If the case of small power, can turn off the LCD screen, use the viewfinder to adjust the picture composition, is for a digital camera, LCD should be considered the most power-hungry components, general digital camera, LCD screen after closing time can be used when the original length of about 3 times.
4, less shooting and video: minimize the use of multi-shot feature and video capture video, as the completion of these functions is to use the built-in buffer body to temporarily save the screen shot, the power consumption a lot.
5, should not frequently open, shut down: Many users know that the display stays lit is power, so in order to save electricity use to frequent opening and shutdown. In fact, frequently open, shut down the electricity wasted consumption than bright display even more, especially for larger diameter lenses, but also requires a substantial expansion of the camera, the switch is power. Most digital cameras have automatic shutdown option, this setting should not be set too short, otherwise easily lead to frequent opening and shut down. Of course, frequent artificial opening, shut down and should be avoided.
6, optical image stabilization not normally open: Optical image stabilization is by driving the lens or image sensor pack components, offset by the subject matter images and the relative motion between the sensor achieved. Either way the optical image stabilization, would result in no small power consumption, in particular some models can be anti-shake mode is set to “always on” so that power loss will be caused by the more powerful. To this end, we have a good scene in the light should turn off the optical image stabilization feature, you must use, should also be less “always on” mode.
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Do all the way, the dream all the way, and read all the way, the injury all the way, the youth of this shore, I eyebrow XinWei cu, listening to the wind tells the years of the past; Go all the way, appreciate all the way, listen to all the way, drunk all the way, time of the other side, you gently walk, bring me for my whole life the oath. Smile, as a jade, just like the cold winter la month of a warming Yang; Words, amiable and gentle, like stroke and a wisp of spring breeze; The heart, clear as bright, filled with tolerance and forthright.
In the boundless huge crowd, you I meet by chance, and then silence who know each other, as world all the fate, we own the roaming in, repeated a story of others. Looking at today's you and me, read the yesterday's he and she, original all is so similar to the ends of the earth, the same scene, every moment thousands of deduction. The different stage, the same script, different actors, the same lines, perhaps, that is what the world had said the world of mortals.
Life, seems to be a little spring and fall streams, no waves without wind, go light, so of the day, that you and I, is I have dreamed of. But he is always thinking of, perhaps our stories will be something different, always feel, I want life probably shouldn't so, always think, and the story you and I should deducing other wonderful. Perhaps this is the so-called is not satisfied with it.
Not content with me, occasionally also play a song in life all much ado about nothing. The occasional upset, the occasional sentimentality, occasionally sad sorrow bosom, such me, sometimes not even willing to tolerance, but you will always smiled and said it doesn't matter. A that's ok, covers the you to my tolerance. Thank you, thank you willing to listen to me, thank you willing to understand me, thank you for your concern and care of understanding.
Along the way, just behind the one season blossom has collected, have already in the years flows through place vanished, lift. Magging issues.it, those flowers, then no longer in those days Ming yan; Walk off, those figure, also do not know when from my life disappear; For a around, those familiar with smile, and those who agreed upon oath, and has set up a file in the baptism of the mood swept away. Looking back, QiFengChuYu also only you have been, from beginning to end with reckless abandon.
I know, you are always on, maybe not at nearby, but has lived in my heart. You are in my heart, so, I count the mirror in flower, and cicadas in the eyes of the tender you smile and looked at on the water, and know that you SiQi born rich, and son ChengYue vow.
You know, more than any other, I in the character of the much a slightly thin cool. Those who love, I do not say, and not understand; Those good, I don't talk, and not unknown; Those who warm, those carefully, I pretended that I don't know, but one can see in the eye, and talks to heart. I'm not good at expressing, doesn't mean I don't have felt in the heart, on the contrary, a warm action, a concern of look in the eyes, a warm words, of all things, I kept away, and put it in my heart.
Since always, all don't understand you in my life to a role play, from that year to now, you and I walked all the way from strangers, to close right now, our story is in what the beat is a? Perhaps the story is finalizing a play, also or two hearts were there, but I thank you have in this warm attitude in my MingTu.
Thank you for the lonely in my time took me by the hand, and thank you for making me again believe a fairy tale of aestheticism, thank you for your face my unreasonable never give up, thank you for your tender feelings with the whole life the warmth of my I thin cool, thank you to accompany me along the way. To you, please make I say thank you, thank you let me in such years can also ease dream, let me be able to a insignificant posture face a window to listen.
The dream flowers, quietly away, and in a hurry fell, some people, quietly, and silently walk, that time, like water flowing silence, from refused to make a little I stopped, and our story? Our story will end in where? Tomorrow's you I is near at hand, or the apart?
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"The Artist"? "The Descendants"? "Hugo"? There was no critical consensus following a day of intense voting yesterday when a gaggle of critics groups voted their top honors. These included the Los Angeles Film Critics Association (LAFCA), the Boston Society of Film Critics (BSFC), and the New York Film Critics Online (NYFCO), as well as critics in San Francisco, Detroit and Indiana. The American Film Institute also announced its annual top 10, typically taking no risks.
Best Picture: "The Descendants" got a strong push with a win at the LAFCA, but "The Artist" took the top prize at the BSFC and the NYFCO. Both titles will make the final Academy shortlist. Fortified by nominations for their respective directors Martin Scorsese and Terrence Malick, "Hugo" and "The Tree of Life" should get nominations. The critics groups didn't get "The Help," any more than "The Blind Side," but the Civic Rights-era drama did make the American Film Institute top ten this year, so don't discount it yet.
Best Actor: Michael Fassbender is coming up fast with an LAFCA win. Why should we care about that group in particular? They're on a six-year roll predicting the Oscar winner for Best Actor. Brad Pitt's also a contender for "Moneyball," getting an art-house bump from "The Tree of Life," with Gary Oldman coming up on the outside thanks to the critical and box-office success of "Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy" and a nod from the San Francisco Film Critics. How about George Clooney for "The Descendants"? He's still in the race, but not at the forefront. Like going for long shots? Then bet Michael Shannon for "Take Shelter," which won NYFCO. And if there's a sweep for "The Artist," add in Jean Dujardin.
Best Actress: Michelle Williams of "My Week With Marilyn," solidifies her spot with a win at the Boston Film Critics Association. Los Angeles went way out for Yung-Jun Hee in "Poetry" (what?) in their 'we're cool and uncorrupted by the Oscar race' vote. NYFCO went classic with Meryl Streep for "The Iron Lady." She's the Streep, but neither she nor Williams will be helped by an apparent lack of enthusiasm for their moves as a whole. Ditto Viola Davis ("The Help"), who will nonetheless make the top five Oscar nominees. Either SF winner Tilda Swinton ("We Need to Talk About Kevin") or multiple-runner-up Kirsten Dunst ("Melancholia") may slip in or come in sixth or seventh. Keep an eye out for Charlize Theron ("Young Adult"), Elizabeth Olsen ("Martha Marcy May Marlene") and Felicity Jones ("Like Crazy) as wild-card entries.
Best Supporting Actor: This is a two-man race between octogenarian Christopher Plummer and Albert Brooks playing against type as a cold-blooded hands-on killer. On the fringes: Patton Oswalt ("Young Adult"), Kenneth Branagh ("My Week with Marilyn") and Andy Serkis ("Rise of the Planet of the Apes").
Best Supporting Actress: Coming up on the inside is Melissa McCarthy for "Bridesmaids." Hurray for comedy! Bolstered by a best ensemble award from the LAFCA, this may push McCarthy into the five Oscar nominees. The LAFCA got behind Jessica Chastain, the NYFCO Breakthrough Performer, who was in every movie from "The Tree of Life" to "The Help," where she'll be competing against her popular co-star Octavia Spencer. The San Francisco critics supported Vanessa Redgrave for "Coriolanus," and Janet McTeer ("Albert Nobbs") was an LAFCA runner up in the category.
Who's out of the running in these five major categories? The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo, War Horse, J. Edgar and Midnight in Paris all underwhelmed. The X-Factor remains Scott Rudin's buzzy "Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close," which has not been screened widely after the New Yorker's David Denby flagrantly broke embargo on Rudin's other major film, "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo." Pack the Kleenex box for this one.
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"The Artist"? "The Descendants"? "Hugo"? There was no critical consensus following a day of intense voting yesterday when a gaggle of critics groups voted their top honors. These included the Los Angeles Film Critics Association (LAFCA), the Boston Society of Film Critics (BSFC), and the New York Film Critics Online (NYFCO), as well as critics in San Francisco, Detroit and Indiana. The American Film Institute also announced its annual top 10, typically taking no risks.
Best Picture: "The Descendants" got a strong push with a win at the LAFCA, but "The Artist" took the top prize at the BSFC and the NYFCO. Both titles will make the final Academy shortlist. Fortified by nominations for their respective directors Martin Scorsese and Terrence Malick, "Hugo" and "The Tree of Life" should get nominations. The critics groups didn't get "The Help," any more than "The Blind Side," but the Civic Rights-era drama did make the American Film Institute top ten this year, so don't discount it yet.
Best Actor: Michael Fassbender is coming up fast with an LAFCA win. Why should we care about that group in particular? They're on a six-year roll predicting the Oscar winner for Best Actor. Brad Pitt's also a contender for "Moneyball," getting an art-house bump from "The Tree of Life," with Gary Oldman coming up on the outside thanks to the critical and box-office success of "Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy" and a nod from the San Francisco Film Critics. How about George Clooney for "The Descendants"? He's still in the race, but not at the forefront. Like going for long shots? Then bet Michael Shannon for "Take Shelter," which won NYFCO. And if there's a sweep for "The Artist," add in Jean Dujardin.
Best Actress: Michelle Williams of "My Week With Marilyn," solidifies her spot with a win at the Boston Film Critics Association. Los Angeles went way out for Yung-Jun Hee in "Poetry" (what?) in their 'we're cool and uncorrupted by the Oscar race' vote. NYFCO went classic with Meryl Streep for "The Iron Lady." She's the Streep, but neither she nor Williams will be helped by an apparent lack of enthusiasm for their moves as a whole. Ditto Viola Davis ("The Help"), who will nonetheless make the top five Oscar nominees. Either SF winner Tilda Swinton ("We Need to Talk About Kevin") or multiple-runner-up Kirsten Dunst ("Melancholia") may slip in or come in sixth or seventh. Keep an eye out for Charlize Theron ("Young Adult"), Elizabeth Olsen ("Martha Marcy May Marlene") and Felicity Jones ("Like Crazy) as wild-card entries.
Best Supporting Actor: This is a two-man race between octogenarian Christopher Plummer and Albert Brooks playing against type as a cold-blooded hands-on killer. On the fringes: Patton Oswalt ("Young Adult"), Kenneth Branagh ("My Week with Marilyn") and Andy Serkis ("Rise of the Planet of the Apes").
Best Supporting Actress: Coming up on the inside is Melissa McCarthy for "Bridesmaids." Hurray for comedy! Bolstered by a best ensemble award from the LAFCA, this may push McCarthy into the five Oscar nominees. The LAFCA got behind Jessica Chastain, the NYFCO Breakthrough Performer, who was in every movie from "The Tree of Life" to "The Help," where she'll be competing against her popular co-star Octavia Spencer. The San Francisco critics supported Vanessa Redgrave for "Coriolanus," and Janet McTeer ("Albert Nobbs") was an LAFCA runner up in the category.
Who's out of the running in these five major categories? The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo, War Horse, J. Edgar and Midnight in Paris all underwhelmed. The X-Factor remains Scott Rudin's buzzy "Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close," which has not been screened widely after the New Yorker's David Denby flagrantly broke embargo on Rudin's other major film, "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo." Pack the Kleenex box for this one.
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相対的に言って彼は圧倒的に偉い。
「敵の本で学び、敵がどのように強いのか理解しようとしている」
もうこれだけで、彼は大いに見込みのある橋下批判者であることがわかる。
ぶっちぎりだ。
私は、橋下氏がこのテクニックを駆使する貴重な瞬間を、目の前で目撃しました。
私は大阪の朝日放送（ＡＢＣ）が制作する夕方の報道番組にレギュラー出演しているのですが、
そのスタジオで橋下氏と二度、議論を交える機会がありました。
まず言っておくと、文章の統一感から言ってここで「お越しになり」はよくない。そういうトーンの文ではない。
また、書き手は橋下氏の出演について同じように「お越しになり」とは言わない筈だ。
こんな風に敬語に差をつけると「なんだかアンフェアな書き手かな」と思われて損をする。
そんなことがわからないレベルには見えないので、つい「お越しになり」と書いてしまったと思われる。
つまりここは書き手から影山氏への親愛や尊敬の気持ちが漏れ出てしまった部分だ。
書き手にとってそれほど強い敬意の対象の影山氏であるのに、
この後はっきりと氏のかっこわるかった場面を描写している。ここだ。
突然の「譲歩」に対して、陰山氏は驚きと戸惑いの表情を浮かべました。
そして、勢いに押される形で橋下氏の提案に同意し、橋下氏も「これが本当の熟議ですよ」と誇らしげに語りました。
番組終了後、陰山氏は番組スタッフと私に「まだ課題はあるが、重要な譲歩を引き出せた」と満足そうな表情を浮かべ、
「橋下氏はやっぱりどこか可愛げがあって憎めない」と笑顔を見せていました。
影山氏が一時的にまんまと乗せられて橋下氏の掌の上で踊ってしまった様子を描いている。
これは書くのが辛かったはずだ。
誤魔化したり迂回したりすることはいくらでも出来たはずだ。
影山氏への悪意や恥をかかせる意図は毛頭無いだろうに、ここを書いた。
賢明な影山氏でもこうなったんだよという実例を見せるためだ。
偉い。
敵対する相手や陣営について、その長所に関心を持ち分析し認めていく作業は馬鹿には出来ない。
敵を恐れて自分を頼りなく思うこと。
敵を大きく見て味方を小さく見ること。
今回の記事は橋下氏に興味が無い人よりも
すでに橋下氏を問題視している「味方」へのメッセージ色がたぶんに強いと感じる。
「橋下は手強い、こちらも頭を絞りに絞ってタフに向き合わないと勝てない」と説明しようとしているのだ。
では彼のこれほど分析的な記事は
同じ反橋下陣営と思われるコメントが人気一位になっている。
これだ。
kowyoshi 橋下徹
…。
毎度お馴染み＆無内容の絶叫。
これが一位。
記事読まなくても書ける、
批判相手が誰かすらわからなくても書ける、
敵を侮り浮遊層を敵に回し、
これが一位。
中島岳志さんは偉いし手強い反橋下者だけど
同陣営の仲間がポンコツすぎてメッセージが届きませんでした。
こういう駄コメにこういう流れ、
この間の都知事選でもそっくり同じようなのを見たけれど
もしかすると「反省するのは自分達以外だ！」なんていう風に思ってたりして。
おんなじやり方でこのあいだ負けたのに…
http://stallman.org/archives/2011-jul-oct.html#06_October_2011_(Steve_Jobs)
を訳してみた．
Steve Jobs, the pioneer of the computer as a jail made cool, designed to sever fools from their freedom, has died.
As Chicago Mayor Harold Washington said of the corrupt former Mayor Daley, "I'm not glad he's dead, but I'm glad he's gone." Nobody deserves to have to die - not Jobs, not Mr. Bill, not even people guilty of bigger evils than theirs. But we all deserve the end of Jobs' malign influence on people's computing.
Unfortunately, that influence continues despite his absence. We can only hope his successors, as they attempt to carry on his legacy, will be less effective.
バカを自由から隔てるために設計されたクールに作られた監獄としてのコンピュータのパイオニアであるスティーブン・ジョブズが死んだ．
ハロルド・ワシントンはシカゴ市長として腐敗した前市長ダレーを「彼の死は嬉しくないが，彼が去るのは嬉しい」と言った．
死は誰にとっても受けるに値するものではない．それはジョブズにしてもゲイツにしてもそうだし，たとえ彼ら以上の大きな悪事を犯した人々であってもだ．
残念ながら，ジョブズがいなくても影響は続く．我々は彼の遺産を引き継ごうとする彼の後継者たちの効果が小さくなるよう望むだけだ．
多くの若者が会社を立ち上げ、明日のザッカバーグの夢を見ている。
（その夢の姿は往々にして『ソーシャル・ネットワーク』そのままだ。）
だがきっとその夢は一生叶うことはない。残念ながら。
グレアムの言葉にしたがって楽天家を演じている日本人起業家の皆さんは
私に向かってこう言うだろう。「どうして君はそんなこと言うんだ？
俺たちは世界を変えるんだ。大変かもしれないがそれは不可能ではない。Facebookを見ろ。」
オーケー、オーケー、確かに起業家は世界を変える力を持つ。それはすばらしいことだ。
自問してみよう。残念ながら違うことに気づく筈だ。あんた方はただの”タレント”だ。
それはこう言い表せる。
”変質的なまでの人物志向、つーかプロダクトなんてクソ食らえ！！”
日本のスタートアップ環境は、企業の評価を人物のみで行う。その人が有名であるか否かでだ。
有名人がプロダクトをリリースすれば、クソみたいなプロダクトでも盛んにRTされ、絶賛される。誰も使わないが。
一方、無名の人が素晴らしいプロダクトをリリースした場合、それはほとんどフックアップされない。
さっきRTしてた連中は、TechCrunchに取り上げられるまでは自分から面白いサービスを見つけようとしないし、
そもそも面倒くさがっている。うーん、話が見えづらいかもしれない。つまり、こういうことだ。
アメリカ「このFacebookってサイトはCoolだね。誰が作ったんだ？ザッカバーグか。すごいな。」
日本「あのザッカバーグがプロダクトリリースしたぞ！！すごい！すごい！さすがザッカバーグ！で、何てプロダクトだっけ？」
圧倒的なまでの人物本位。プロダクトは二の次。プロダクトを生み出すのが起業家なのに！！
「でも、その人物に実績があれば良いじゃないか。僕はジョブズが何か新しいことをすると聞けば
ワクワクするよ。彼はいつも素晴らしいプロダクトを生み出してきた実績がある。」
オーケー、確かにその通りだ。それは認める。僕だってiPhone5には期待している。
だが実績の面でも日本のスタートアップは何かがおかしい。例えば日本では、
”学生”というだけで起業家が評価される。まだプロダクトもリリースしていないのに！！
（そして、実際リリースされるプロダクトもだいたい・・・だ。悪いけど。）
実績評価においても日本のスタートアップ環境は”プロダクトなんてクソ食らえ”を貫いているわけだ。
涙が出るね。いやほんと。
こんな状況で今恐ろしい事態が起こっている。素晴らしいプロダクトを生み出す人よりも、
Blogで名前を売るのが得意な人のほうに注目が集まっているんだ！！彼らはBlogに時間をかけて、
”いかにも起業家でござい”というようなことをしきりに書く。読者に”この人はすごそうだし、何かやるぞ”と思わせるわけだ。
そして注目が集まった時点で起業する。あとは、さっき言った通りクソみたいなプロダクトがでて、RTされて、誰も使わず終わる。
でもカンファレンスとかに呼ばれて、”僕は起業家だ。”というどうでもいいプレゼンをする。彼らは残念ながら、
”自分を売り込んで偽装する才能”はあるが”起業家としての才能”はない。
まだ信じられない人がいるかもしれない。だが見てみろ。Twitterでは、
自分のプロダクトが流行っていないのに、自分の考え方を熱心に説いてる自称起業家がいっぱいいる。
彼らはタレントだ。当てにするな、耳を塞げ。ほらあっちにも起業家だ。
Blogでは良い事ばっか書いてるが、リリースされたプロダクトはクソだ。あれもタレントだ。
残念ながら、この状況で日本からGoogleやFacebookを生み出すことを期待するのはよした方が良い。
日本のスタートアップ環境は、薄暗い部屋でコードを書き続け、未来を作っている薄汚いギークよりも、
世間の空気に媚びへつらい、自分を偽装するのがうまいタレントを欲している。ジョブズは何で有名になった？
Macという素晴らしいプロダクトだ。ページとブリンは？Googleという素晴らしいプロダクトだ。家入一真は？
ロリポップという素晴らしいプロダクトだ。決して、人物から有名になったわけではない。今の状態が続けば、
素晴らしいプロダクトは生み出せないが起業家ぶるのが上手い人物だけがのさばることになる。
そこに渦巻くのは自己欺瞞だけだ。”世界を変える”なんていうのも、陳腐なパフォーマンスに成り下がる。
もし、この記事を呼んで状況を変えたいと思う人がいるのであれば、
代わり映えのしないBlogやTwitterをたたんで、雑音を閉ざし、
そのプロダクトを誰がやっているのかは関係ない。ただただ素晴らしければ、
力になってあげれば良いんだ。プロダクトのみが自己表現。そんな人だけを見つけよう。
PS.
この記事を読んだ”優秀なタレント”の皆さんは、その能力をフルに生かして、
上手く”自分はタレントでなく、起業家だ”と偽装することに成功するだろう。
今からでも想像できる。例えば、「僕はこうならないように気をつけている。毎日。RT...」
みたいな感じでだ。クソ食らえだ。文を書くのを辞めろ。プロダクトだけで自分を語れ。
必要ある我慢や遵守と必要ない苦労は違うだろ。
会社が問題なのは、本来必要ないはずの苦労を美徳としていること。無駄だろうが苦労してるのを美徳とする害悪。もっと改善できるはずなのに、上の顔色見て見て変化を恐れずるずると問題を先延ばしにし臭いものに蓋をする体質。そういったものを元増田は批判してるんだろ。
掃除当番は必要ないはずの苦労でもなんでもない。必要あるルールだし役割だ。
もし、子供がもっと効率のいい掃除の仕方を思いついて実行して、先生に｢～さんだけ楽な方法をしてはいけません！｣って頭ごなしに言われたら、会社がブラックなのと同じ要因がそこにはあるな。（実際にそういう先生がいるかどうかは別として）
ってここまで書いて思ったわ。自分の名前を漢字で書いて｢習ってない漢字は使ってはいけません！｣とか、算数でちょっと頭の回る子がcoolな解き方をして｢習ってないやり方は使ってはいけません！｣って怒られた事例は聞くけど、そういうのまさしくブラックだなｗ
～が苦労してるんだから、昔からこうなんだから、～と同じだけの苦労しないといけないっていう価値観がそういうやりかたの底辺にはあるかもしれん。
When the diesel generators were gone, the reactor operators switched to emergency battery power. The batteries were designed as one of the backups to the backups, to provide power for cooling the core for 8 hours. And they did.
Within the 8 hours, another power source had to be found and connected to the power plant. The power grid was down due to the earthquake. The diesel generators were destroyed by the tsunami. So mobile diesel generators were trucked in.
This is where things started to go seriously wrong. The external power generators could not be connected to the power plant (the plugs did not fit). So after the batteries ran out, the residual heat could not be carried away any more.
At this point the plant operators begin to follow emergency procedures that are in place for a “loss of cooling event”. It is again a step along the “Depth of Defense” lines. The power to the cooling systems should never have failed completely, but it did, so they “retreat” to the next line of defense. All of this, however shocking it seems to us, is part of the day-to-day training you go through as an operator, right through to managing a core meltdown.
It was at this stage that people started to talk about core meltdown. Because at the end of the day, if cooling cannot be restored, the core will eventually melt (after hours or days), and the last line of defense, the core catcher and third containment, would come into play.
But the goal at this stage was to manage the core while it was heating up, and ensure that the first containment (the Zircaloy tubes that contains the nuclear fuel), as well as the second containment (our pressure cooker) remain intact and operational for as long as possible, to give the engineers time to fix the cooling systems.
Because cooling the core is such a big deal, the reactor has a number of cooling systems, each in multiple versions (the reactor water cleanup system, the decay heat removal, the reactor core isolating cooling, the standby liquid cooling system, and the emergency core cooling system). Which one failed when or did not fail is not clear at this point in time.
So imagine our pressure cooker on the stove, heat on low, but on. The operators use whatever cooling system capacity they have to get rid of as much heat as possible, but the pressure starts building up. The priority now is to maintain integrity of the first containment (keep temperature of the fuel rods below 2200°C), as well as the second containment, the pressure cooker. In order to maintain integrity of the pressure cooker (the second containment), the pressure has to be released from time to time. Because the ability to do that in an emergency is so important, the reactor has 11 pressure release valves. The operators now started venting steam from time to time to control the pressure. The temperature at this stage was about 550°C.
This is when the reports about “radiation leakage” starting coming in. I believe I explained above why venting the steam is theoretically the same as releasing radiation into the environment, but why it was and is not dangerous. The radioactive nitrogen as well as the noble gases do not pose a threat to human health.
At some stage during this venting, the explosion occurred. The explosion took place outside of the third containment (our “last line of defense”), and the reactor building. Remember that the reactor building has no function in keeping the radioactivity contained. It is not entirely clear yet what has happened, but this is the likely scenario: The operators decided to vent the steam from the pressure vessel not directly into the environment, but into the space between the third containment and the reactor building (to give the radioactivity in the steam more time to subside). The problem is that at the high temperatures that the core had reached at this stage, water molecules can “disassociate” into oxygen and hydrogen – an explosive mixture. And it did explode, outside the third containment, damaging the reactor building around. It was that sort of explosion, but inside the pressure vessel (because it was badly designed and not managed properly by the operators) that lead to the explosion of Chernobyl. This was never a risk at Fukushima. The problem of hydrogen-oxygen formation is one of the biggies when you design a power plant (if you are not Soviet, that is), so the reactor is build and operated in a way it cannot happen inside the containment. It happened outside, which was not intended but a possible scenario and OK, because it did not pose a risk for the containment.
So the pressure was under control, as steam was vented. Now, if you keep boiling your pot, the problem is that the water level will keep falling and falling. The core is covered by several meters of water in order to allow for some time to pass (hours, days) before it gets exposed. Once the rods start to be exposed at the top, the exposed parts will reach the critical temperature of 2200 °C after about 45 minutes. This is when the first containment, the Zircaloy tube, would fail.
And this started to happen. The cooling could not be restored before there was some (very limited, but still) damage to the casing of some of the fuel. The nuclear material itself was still intact, but the surrounding Zircaloy shell had started melting. What happened now is that some of the byproducts of the uranium decay – radioactive Cesium and Iodine – started to mix with the steam. The big problem, uranium, was still under control, because the uranium oxide rods were good until 3000 °C. It is confirmed that a very small amount of Cesium and Iodine was measured in the steam that was released into the atmosphere.
It seems this was the “go signal” for a major plan B. The small amounts of Cesium that were measured told the operators that the first containment on one of the rods somewhere was about to give. The Plan A had been to restore one of the regular cooling systems to the core. Why that failed is unclear. One plausible explanation is that the tsunami also took away / polluted all the clean water needed for the regular cooling systems.
The water used in the cooling system is very clean, demineralized (like distilled) water. The reason to use pure water is the above mentioned activation by the neutrons from the Uranium: Pure water does not get activated much, so stays practically radioactive-free. Dirt or salt in the water will absorb the neutrons quicker, becoming more radioactive. This has no effect whatsoever on the core – it does not care what it is cooled by. But it makes life more difficult for the operators and mechanics when they have to deal with activated (i.e. slightly radioactive) water.
But Plan A had failed – cooling systems down or additional clean water unavailable – so Plan B came into effect. This is what it looks like happened:
In order to prevent a core meltdown, the operators started to use sea water to cool the core. I am not quite sure if they flooded our pressure cooker with it (the second containment), or if they flooded the third containment, immersing the pressure cooker. But that is not relevant for us.
The point is that the nuclear fuel has now been cooled down. Because the chain reaction has been stopped a long time ago, there is only very little residual heat being produced now. The large amount of cooling water that has been used is sufficient to take up that heat. Because it is a lot of water, the core does not produce sufficient heat any more to produce any significant pressure. Also, boric acid has been added to the seawater. Boric acid is “liquid control rod”. Whatever decay is still going on, the Boron will capture the neutrons and further speed up the cooling down of the core.
The plant came close to a core meltdown. Here is the worst-case scenario that was avoided: If the seawater could not have been used for treatment, the operators would have continued to vent the water steam to avoid pressure buildup. The third containment would then have been completely sealed to allow the core meltdown to happen without releasing radioactive material. After the meltdown, there would have been a waiting period for the intermediate radioactive materials to decay inside the reactor, and all radioactive particles to settle on a surface inside the containment. The cooling system would have been restored eventually, and the molten core cooled to a manageable temperature. The containment would have been cleaned up on the inside. Then a messy job of removing the molten core from the containment would have begun, packing the (now solid again) fuel bit by bit into transportation containers to be shipped to processing plants. Depending on the damage, the block of the plant would then either be repaired or dismantled.
Now, where does that leave us?
・The plant is safe now and will stay safe.
・Japan is looking at an INES Level 4 Accident: Nuclear accident with local consequences. That is bad for the company that owns the plant, but not for anyone else.
・Some radiation was released when the pressure vessel was vented. All radioactive isotopes from the activated steam have gone (decayed). A very small amount of Cesium was released, as well as Iodine. If you were sitting on top of the plants’ chimney when they were venting, you should probably give up smoking to return to your former life expectancy. The Cesium and Iodine isotopes were carried out to the sea and will never be seen again.
・There was some limited damage to the first containment. That means that some amounts of radioactive Cesium and Iodine will also be released into the cooling water, but no Uranium or other nasty stuff (the Uranium oxide does not “dissolve” in the water). There are facilities for treating the cooling water inside the third containment. The radioactive Cesium and Iodine will be removed there and eventually stored as radioactive waste in terminal storage.
・The seawater used as cooling water will be activated to some degree. Because the control rods are fully inserted, the Uranium chain reaction is not happening. That means the “main” nuclear reaction is not happening, thus not contributing to the activation. The intermediate radioactive materials (Cesium and Iodine) are also almost gone at this stage, because the Uranium decay was stopped a long time ago. This further reduces the activation. The bottom line is that there will be some low level of activation of the seawater, which will also be removed by the treatment facilities.
・The seawater will then be replaced over time with the “normal” cooling water
・The reactor core will then be dismantled and transported to a processing facility, just like during a regular fuel change.
・Fuel rods and the entire plant will be checked for potential damage. This will take about 4-5 years.
・The safety systems on all Japanese plants will be upgraded to withstand a 9.0 earthquake and tsunami (or worse)
・I believe the most significant problem will be a prolonged power shortage. About half of Japan’s nuclear reactors will probably have to be inspected, reducing the nation’s power generating capacity by 15%. This will probably be covered by running gas power plants that are usually only used for peak loads to cover some of the base load as well. That will increase your electricity bill, as well as lead to potential power shortages during peak demand, in Japan.
If you want to stay informed, please forget the usual media outlets and consult the following websites:
http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS_Battle_to_stabilise_earthquake_reactors_1203111.html
http://bravenewclimate.com/2011/03/12/japan-nuclear-earthquake/
http://ansnuclearcafe.org/2011/03/11/media-updates-on-nuclear-power-stations-in-japan/
結論：大丈夫。
MvK2010
I'm going to copy paste a full blog post of a research scientist at MIT here, who explains the situation at Fukushima much better than anyone else has, his message: no worries.
This post is by Dr Josef Oehmen, a research scientist at MIT, in Boston.
He is a PhD Scientist, whose father has extensive experience in Germany’s nuclear industry. I asked him to write this information to my family in Australia, who were being made sick with worry by the media reports coming from Japan. I am republishing it with his permission.
It is a few hours old, so if any information is out of date, blame me for the delay in getting it published.
This is his text in full and unedited. It is very long, so get comfy.
I am writing this text (Mar 12) to give you some peace of mind regarding some of the troubles in Japan, that is the safety of Japan’s nuclear reactors. Up front, the situation is serious, but under control. And this text is long! But you will know more about nuclear power plants after reading it than all journalists on this planet put together.
There was and will *not* be any significant release of radioactivity.
By “significant” I mean a level of radiation of more than what you would receive on – say – a long distance flight, or drinking a glass of beer that comes from certain areas with high levels of natural background radiation.
I have been reading every news release on the incident since the earthquake. There has not been one single (!) report that was accurate and free of errors (and part of that problem is also a weakness in the Japanese crisis communication). By “not free of errors” I do not refer to tendentious anti-nuclear journalism – that is quite normal these days. By “not free of errors” I mean blatant errors regarding physics and natural law, as well as gross misinterpretation of facts, due to an obvious lack of fundamental and basic understanding of the way nuclear reactors are build and operated. I have read a 3 page report on CNN where every single paragraph contained an error.
We will have to cover some fundamentals, before we get into what is going on.
Construction of the Fukushima nuclear power plants
The plants at Fukushima are so called Boiling Water Reactors, or BWR for short. Boiling Water Reactors are similar to a pressure cooker. The nuclear fuel heats water, the water boils and creates steam, the steam then drives turbines that create the electricity, and the steam is then cooled and condensed back to water, and the water send back to be heated by the nuclear fuel. The pressure cooker operates at about 250 °C.
The nuclear fuel is uranium oxide. Uranium oxide is a ceramic with a very high melting point of about 3000 °C. The fuel is manufactured in pellets (think little cylinders the size of Lego bricks). Those pieces are then put into a long tube made of Zircaloy with a melting point of 2200 °C, and sealed tight. The assembly is called a fuel rod. These fuel rods are then put together to form larger packages, and a number of these packages are then put into the reactor. All these packages together are referred to as “the core”.
The Zircaloy casing is the first containment. It separates the radioactive fuel from the rest of the world.
The core is then placed in the “pressure vessels”. That is the pressure cooker we talked about before. The pressure vessels is the second containment. This is one sturdy piece of a pot, designed to safely contain the core for temperatures several hundred °C. That covers the scenarios where cooling can be restored at some point.
The entire “hardware” of the nuclear reactor – the pressure vessel and all pipes, pumps, coolant (water) reserves, are then encased in the third containment. The third containment is a hermetically (air tight) sealed, very thick bubble of the strongest steel. The third containment is designed, built and tested for one single purpose: To contain, indefinitely, a complete core meltdown. For that purpose, a large and thick concrete basin is cast under the pressure vessel (the second containment), which is filled with graphite, all inside the third containment. This is the so-called “core catcher”. If the core melts and the pressure vessel bursts (and eventually melts), it will catch the molten fuel and everything else. It is built in such a way that the nuclear fuel will be spread out, so it can cool down.
This third containment is then surrounded by the reactor building. The reactor building is an outer shell that is supposed to keep the weather out, but nothing in. (this is the part that was damaged in the explosion, but more to that later).
Fundamentals of nuclear reactions
The uranium fuel generates heat by nuclear fission. Big uranium atoms are split into smaller atoms. That generates heat plus neutrons (one of the particles that forms an atom). When the neutron hits another uranium atom, that splits, generating more neutrons and so on. That is called the nuclear chain reaction.
Now, just packing a lot of fuel rods next to each other would quickly lead to overheating and after about 45 minutes to a melting of the fuel rods. It is worth mentioning at this point that the nuclear fuel in a reactor can *never* cause a nuclear explosion the type of a nuclear bomb. Building a nuclear bomb is actually quite difficult (ask Iran). In Chernobyl, the explosion was caused by excessive pressure buildup, hydrogen explosion and rupture of all containments, propelling molten core material into the environment (a “dirty bomb”). Why that did not and will not happen in Japan, further below.
In order to control the nuclear chain reaction, the reactor operators use so-called “moderator rods”. The moderator rods absorb the neutrons and kill the chain reaction instantaneously. A nuclear reactor is built in such a way, that when operating normally, you take out all the moderator rods. The coolant water then takes away the heat (and converts it into steam and electricity) at the same rate as the core produces it. And you have a lot of leeway around the standard operating point of 250°C.
The challenge is that after inserting the rods and stopping the chain reaction, the core still keeps producing heat. The uranium “stopped” the chain reaction. But a number of intermediate radioactive elements are created by the uranium during its fission process, most notably Cesium and Iodine isotopes, i.e. radioactive versions of these elements that will eventually split up into smaller atoms and not be radioactive anymore. Those elements keep decaying and producing heat. Because they are not regenerated any longer from the uranium (the uranium stopped decaying after the moderator rods were put in), they get less and less, and so the core cools down over a matter of days, until those intermediate radioactive elements are used up.
This residual heat is causing the headaches right now.
So the first “type” of radioactive material is the uranium in the fuel rods, plus the intermediate radioactive elements that the uranium splits into, also inside the fuel rod (Cesium and Iodine).
There is a second type of radioactive material created, outside the fuel rods. The big main difference up front: Those radioactive materials have a very short half-life, that means that they decay very fast and split into non-radioactive materials. By fast I mean seconds. So if these radioactive materials are released into the environment, yes, radioactivity was released, but no, it is not dangerous, at all. Why? By the time you spelled “R-A-D-I-O-N-U-C-L-I-D-E”, they will be harmless, because they will have split up into non radioactive elements. Those radioactive elements are N-16, the radioactive isotope (or version) of nitrogen (air). The others are noble gases such as Xenon. But where do they come from? When the uranium splits, it generates a neutron (see above). Most of these neutrons will hit other uranium atoms and keep the nuclear chain reaction going. But some will leave the fuel rod and hit the water molecules, or the air that is in the water. Then, a non-radioactive element can “capture” the neutron. It becomes radioactive. As described above, it will quickly (seconds) get rid again of the neutron to return to its former beautiful self.
This second “type” of radiation is very important when we talk about the radioactivity being released into the environment later on.
I will try to summarize the main facts. The earthquake that hit Japan was 7 times more powerful than the worst earthquake the nuclear power plant was built for (the Richter scale works logarithmically; the difference between the 8.2 that the plants were built for and the 8.9 that happened is 7 times, not 0.7). So the first hooray for Japanese engineering, everything held up.
When the earthquake hit with 8.9, the nuclear reactors all went into automatic shutdown. Within seconds after the earthquake started, the moderator rods had been inserted into the core and nuclear chain reaction of the uranium stopped. Now, the cooling system has to carry away the residual heat. The residual heat load is about 3% of the heat load under normal operating conditions.
The earthquake destroyed the external power supply of the nuclear reactor. That is one of the most serious accidents for a nuclear power plant, and accordingly, a “plant black out” receives a lot of attention when designing backup systems. The power is needed to keep the coolant pumps working. Since the power plant had been shut down, it cannot produce any electricity by itself any more.
Things were going well for an hour. One set of multiple sets of emergency Diesel power generators kicked in and provided the electricity that was needed. Then the Tsunami came, much bigger than people had expected when building the power plant (see above, factor 7). The tsunami took out all multiple sets of backup Diesel generators.
When designing a nuclear power plant, engineers follow a philosophy called “Defense of Depth”. That means that you first build everything to withstand the worst catastrophe you can imagine, and then design the plant in such a way that it can still handle one system failure (that you thought could never happen) after the other. A tsunami taking out all backup power in one swift strike is such a scenario. The last line of defense is putting everything into the third containment (see above), that will keep everything, whatever the mess, moderator rods in our out, core molten or not, inside the reactor.
http://anond.hatelabo.jp/20110314030613
へ続く
そういう考え方はcoolかもしれないけれど、実際にそのように行動したら、次第にcoolとか言ってられなくなるから、coolになれないんじゃないかな。
モノを持たない。
必要なだけ働く。
シンプルに生きる。
精神的な充足。
何か「清貧」的なものに共感する文化を日本は持ち合わせているのか。
諸外国はどうなんでしょうか？
・ボロ屋でOK
・週休4日
で、どんどんいろんなモノを不要とみなしていって公的サービスを削除。
その分を社会の繋がりをUPさせて担保。
理想は「自然の流れに逆らうような長生きはCoolじゃない」ってとこまでくれば
ま、ここまで極端なことは無理かもしれんけど
いろんな社会問題は将来の好景気をアテにして税金で解決しようとしてるよね。
でも、それって現実性がない気がしてしょうがない。
(日本の借金が世界史上未到レベルらしいけど、どーすんのw …ってみんな他人事）
こうなると、人々の価値観の変性しか解決策はないんじゃないかな。
つか、放っておいてもそうならざるを得ない雰囲気だけど。
必要なのは要求水準を下げること。多くを望まないこと。
でも、経済負けても、心は侵略。
ボロは着れども心はNISHIKI
Return to HIGASHIYAMA！
愚痴です。
指導教員はやりたい事をやりなさいという。色々読んで自分の興味に近くて自分でも出来そうなことを考えて報告してみた。そんなことはとっくにやり尽くされていると言われた。そんなことの繰り返しで半年以上ｇｄｇｄやっている。
中堅理系私立大学院修士課程。来年から就職予定なので修了したい。中退や留年は避けたい。
ぶっちゃけ何も知らなかったから研究方法から調べる。学部の卒論は指導教員がいくつか手頃なテーマを与えてくれて、その中から選んだ。授業のレポートの延長みたいなもので、やるべき事をやるだけだったから乗り切れた。今回は完全放置。
他の研究室の人は先生から入るべき学会とか論文の読み方とか色々指導を受けているらしい。俺は放置されている。俺がアホなのか、指導教員が面倒見が悪いのかわからないけどとにかく困っている。誰に相談していいか分からない。大学院にもなって研究の仕方がわからないなんてなかなか言えない。
ネットを見てAかBかどっちかの学会には入っとけという話を読んで、AとB両方入ってみた。JournalとMagazineの違いとか大学院生なら普通知っているだろという常識も一応調べた。査読付きのJournalを読んだ方がいいらしい。
図書館に行って自分の専攻分野に近いJournalを読んできた。読んだと言っても10年分くらい集めてパラパラ眺めて、明らかに自分とは関係ないものは読み飛ばして、ちょっとでも気になったものだけを読んだ。その中でもさらに興味の強いものをコピーして１枚目に簡単に理由を書き込んだ。こうして、興味があるかも知れない論文の山ができた。
ここまで来て方向性を見失った。山のような論文のコピーとリストは手元にあるが、何をしていいかわからない。有名な学会のJournalに載るような研究に、アホ学生、しかもこれから修士号を取ろうというレベルで何か出来る気がしない。輪講とかで論文紹介するのが精一杯だ。自分でこいつらよりcoolなやり方を考えましたとか論文を書ける気がしない。
論文の新規性という言葉がわからない。意味はわかる、他の人の真似をしたんじゃだめだということだろう。じゃあどうすればいいのか皆目見当も付かない。
俺みたいなやつが理系はとりあえず修士まで行こうと思ったのが失敗だったかも知れない。もう死ぬしかないんじゃないかとか思考がネガティブになって困る。修論落としたら人生終わる気がする。かといって、どうしようもない壁を感じる。
領土侵略や圧迫に頓着しない態度は戦争呼び込む原因にもなるのにね。
まあ日本の左翼は左翼だのマルクスだのっていうより「ガキの粋がり」と呼んだ方がいいもので
中学生ぐらいで粋がる奴の中でも、喧嘩弱いうらなり瓢箪タイプの主張によく似てる。
ヒネてて攻撃的で自分は平均より頭いいと思いたいというだけだし、
戦争を憎んで平和を愛するというより「自分を許容してくれている大きいもの（保護者）」を攻撃したいだけ。
あいつらが日本の領土が侵略されたりすると嬉しそうな顔をするのは左翼の思想じゃ理屈が付かない。
日本やアメリカを頼もしい保護者だと思ってるから、それが毀損されるのを見ると歪んだ喜びが涌く。
また「毀損されてることに頓着しない俺」が彼らにとっては大事で、
という幼稚な意識を楽しんでるだけ。
別にご立派な日本語を要求しているわけじゃないんだけど
訳のわからん言葉をしゃべる奴が「どうでもいい」になるのは仕方ないと思うんだ。
「キミを理解したいから、俺のわかる言葉でしゃべってくれないか」なんてアホらしいし
「キミを理解したいから、キミの言語を理解しようと勉強したよ」なんてのもアホらしいから。
ただ、「どうでもいい」にならない、このイラっとする気分がどうも好かない。
「やばい」も確かにイラっとする。
勿論本当の意味でやばい訳じゃないし、かといって、英語の「COOL」みたいな真逆の意味でもないし
そもそもが、独り言みたいに、その都度自分の意味を作り上げているもんだから
連呼されても何か反応を求めている訳ではない、という事が多いのが更にイラっとする。
これだけで終了してしまう。
本人も返事している人間も、何をどう「やばい」と表現しているか別に深く考えてもいないしなぁ。
小学生の「すげー」と同じなんだろうけども。
白い紙への恐怖症
ttp://semiprivate.cool.ne.jp/blog/archives/001044.html
「真っ白な紙が怖い」という漫画家の嘆きをよく読んでいたが、確かに全くだと賛同する。
仕上げ段階というのは作業量的には一番面倒だけど、一番楽でもある。何すれば良いのか分かっているからだ。だが、毎月の事ではあるのだが、あらためて描き始めようとすると、どうやって書いたら良いのか分からなくなっていることに気がつく。やり方がわからないのに、やらなきゃいけないということだけは明白だったりする。・・・・趣味なのに、なあ。
経験則からすると、ここで必要なのは、自分自身にむけての自己暗示だ。それっぽく「描けるフリ」をして、ゴチャゴチャそれっぽく作業をやっていれば、なんとなく弾みがついて、なんとなく出来上がっているものなのだ。
だが、描き始める前は、書ける気がまるでしない。みぞおちが冷たくなるほど怖い。ついついネットサーフィンとかにふけってしまったり、こんな意味なしブログを書いて、現実逃避をしたりする。・・・マンガなんて趣味なのになあ。
たぶんこれは、就職活動に出られないニートの気分に近いのだろう。
対応策としては、なるべく軽い準備運動からだ。
僕の場合は、ひたすら紙に線を引くとか、Ａ４の紙に自分の手をひたすらたくさん描くとか、やればできることを繰り返してみるのだが。