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はてなキーワード: WILLとは
The path of the righteous man is beset on all sides by the inequities of the selfish and the tyranny of evil men. Blessed is he who, in the name of charity and goodwill, shepherds the weak through the valley of darkness, for he is truly his brother’s keeper and the finder of lost children. And I will strike down upon thee with great vengeance and furious anger those who attempt to poison and destroy my brothers. And you will know my name is the Lord when I lay my vengeance upon thee.
精神疾患の診断・統計マニュアル第5版（DSM-5）の最初の版にペドフィリア的性的指向（Pedophilic Sexual Orientation）と言う言葉があったのだが、
The American Psychological Association maintains that pedophilia is a mental disorder; that sex between adults and children is always wrong; and that acting on pedophilic impulses is and should be a criminal act. The American Psychological Association has worked for many years to prevent child sexual abuse and will continue to do so. — APA statement regarding pedophilia and the DSM-5
2000年ごろ雨後の筍のように生まれた「社会福祉学部」を持つ大学(すでに学部名から社会福祉を消した大学も多い)から脱出した教員たちの証言を集めてみました！ 特定されないよう適宜改変しています。
・学園の理念に「優しい」「明るい」「素直」「従順」が入っている。
・福祉専門職に必要なものとして「思いやり」「やさしさ」を謳う。
・学生相談室の設置案に「教員が自分の仕事を押し付けるつもりか」と理事が却下。
・心理学、経営学の授業が大量にある一方、社会学系の授業がほとんどない。
・国家試験受験勉強のため、卒論が選択科目となっているおり、ほとんどの学生が書かない。
・人権、労働、差別、エスニシティ、ジェンダーなどのテーマの授業が皆無。
・専攻に関係なく、宗教家だから宗教学、教職免許を持っているから教育実習、子持ちだからから家族支援論という謎基準で事務が授業担当教員を決める。
・「経済学」と「政治学」、「心理学」と「社会学」、「日本史」と「宗教学」など、異なる分野の科目を一人の教員が教えている。
・雑誌コーナーに『世界』『思想』『現代思想』がなく、『正論』『WILL』『HANADA』がある。
・障害学生はできる限り受け入れないよう画策。
・エレベーターは車椅子1台分のスペースしかなく介助者が入れない。
・2000年代には研究禁止の御達しがなされていたため、開学の際にいた研究志向の教員が他出、残ったのは病人か「けんきゅうってなに？食べられる？」という人ばかり。
・研究してる人には散々辞められているからか、募集停止校からヘッド(？)ハンティングしてくる。
・研究や本に対して敵対心を示す人が多い(例えば、授業公開に行ったら、教員が「著作権料で食ってる人」というのをdisっていたのを聞いた、とか)
・理事が「公募では人物がわからないので絶対しない」と宣言している割に、直接、大学に履歴書を送りつけて採用された人が多数いる。
・入試問題の現代国語を併設高の教員に外注しているらしいのだが、常に昭和の文章。
・卒業式で理事が「ジェンダーフリーが家族を滅ぼす」とか「人間にはそれぞれ分というものがある」とか熱弁。
・式典では日の丸君が代はもちろんのこと、日の丸に敬礼させられる。
・東日本大地震は地震兵器論者、中国脅威論、Qアノン信者など、教員に陰謀論が蔓延。
・北欧は高齢者の安楽死をしているから「寝たきり老人」がいないと講義で解説する教員がいる。
・家業で保育士を雇っていることから保育士の給料が高すぎると言及する教員がいる。
・事務の女性が若く、皆美人（併設短大で卒業時に声をかけ採用している）。
・卒業パーティで男性理事たちが女子学生を膝の上に座らせている。
・有志で実施した教職員対象のハラスメント実態調査が握りつぶされた。
・朝礼がある。
・オプキャンや入試で土曜の時間外手当をつけないために週休1日制。
・部活担当で年間労働時間推定4000時間越えの教員(！)がいる。
・部活顧問柄全国大会へのバスの運転まで全部やらされており椎間板ヘルニアを発症した。
・引っ張ってきた部活顧問(授業担当なしで教授)が体罰を多用し、退学、休学が相次ぐ。
「福祉の時代だ！」と言われて福祉マインドもないのに儲かるからと学部を作って、梯子を外されたんだな。
(追記)ちなみに私(旧帝大卒博士号持ち)の場合、就任当時は真面目で伸び代がある学生に恵まれており、そこには不服はなかったことは付け加えておく。
本当に信じてほしいならWordreferenceかStackexchange辺りで以下の点について複数のネイティブに尋ねてこいよ
some people take being proficient in one language not being in anotherは文法的に正しくわかりやすく正式な英語かどうか
It's 1,000 years early for a young man like you to f*ck against me.のようにfuck againstをmess withの意味で使うのは一般的かどうか(普通はfuck withを使う)
あと仮にネイティブだったとしてもそれだけで信用に足るわけじゃない
菅総理の件でネイティブを信用できたのは、1人や2人のネイティブではなく全員が同じことを言っていたから
君の意見は大多数のネイティブや辞書の記述に真っ向から反対するものだから、ネイティブだったとしても参考にならない
数学や科学では大多数が間違っていて1人だけが正しいという状況がありうるが、言語は良くも悪くも多数派が絶対正義なわけ
でなければlong time no seeなんていう文法的に間違った表現は使われるはずがない
Wikipediaにもgoing toは比較的インフォーマルだと書いてある
The going-to future is relatively informal; in more formal contexts it may be replaced by the will/shall future, or by expressions such as plan(s) to, expect(s) to, is/are expected to, etc.
結局お前これの意味答えないのかよ。情けねえ
"some people take being proficient in one language not being in another"
だからthe right amount of colloquial languageと言っただろ
演説だから法律文書のようにとび抜けて堅苦しいわけでもない、むしろちょっと口語的でもある
なぜならアメリカ国民にも向けて喋ってるわけだからわかりやすくないといけないから
だからyou knowとかインフォーマルな表現をたびたび使っとる↓
You know, we’re often told that Democrats and Republicans can’t work together.
全体としてはフォーマルだがインフォーマルな表現も交えて柔らかく聞きやすい喋り方をしているわけ
在米歴25年だか知らんが大して英語もできないわ、馬鹿呼ばわりするだけでまともに議論もできないわ
話にならんな
要するにgoing toは比較的インフォーマルだが、別にどんなフォーマリティの文章でも使える（ただし口語ではgoing to、文章ではwillがよく使われる）
また、He'll dieは比較的インフォーマルだが、He's gonna dieほどインフォーマルではない
https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/327214/using-be-going-to-in-formal-writing
ChatGPT で GPT4 に聞いてみた。
日本の鉄道の車内アナウンスにおいて、"will"や"will be ~ing"が使われる理由について考察します。
「We will soon be arriving at Tokyo station.」の場合、「will be arriving」は未来進行形で、これからすぐに起こりつつある事象を表します。これは、列車が東京駅に向かっており、まもなく到着するという進行中の行動を強調するために使われます。
「Next station is Yotsuya, doors on the right side will open.」の場合、「will」は単純未来形で、確実に起こる未来の事象を表します。この文脈では、次の駅が四谷であること、そして右側のドアが開くことが確定しているために使われます。
一般に、「will」を使うことで、未来の事象に対する確実性や公式な調子を表現することができます。一方、現在形や「be going to do」も未来を表すことができますが、この文脈ではそれらよりも「will」が使われることで、公式なアナウンスとしての格式や一貫性が保たれていると考えられます。
では同じように使える場合何が違うのかといえば固い固くないという違いがあるよという話
例えばwillは「場当たり的なニュアンス」と説明してくれたけど、以下の例ではwillにはそういうニュアンスはなく、be going toと全く同じ意味合いで使われている
A: Have you spoken to him recently?
B: No, but I'll see him tomorrow.
みたいな会話が考えられますね。このwillは新情報を提示する働きをするので，「今決めたこと」でなくても使えます。
https://twitter.com/sSwAOWzMXtO9s6s/status/1674043536063500288
ちなみにAre you going to the party?の例ではI'll go.よりI'm going.と答えるほうが自然らしい
（この場合、I'll go.は今決めたこと、I'm going.はその前から決めていたこと、という違いがある。今決めたことならもちろんI'll go.でオッケー）
元の話が見えないけどWillとGoing toではかたいかたくない以前に意味が違う
Are you going to the party?で、行くよって意志を示すときはI'll go.
What are you doing this weekend?でキャンプする予定があるときはI'm going to go camping.
いやいや電車の例でbe going toを使うと堅苦しすぎるとか言ってたじゃん
「be going toもまだ文語的」←こういうのもさ、ちゃんとソース示した上で言おうね
ネイティブはbe going toはカジュアルで口語的だとはっきり言ってるから
Use "will" in writing and "going to" when speaking.
https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/87900/going-to-vs-will
‘Going to’ is less formal / more conversational, and widely used for personal things that are likely to happen in the fairly near future.
For most people, "is going to" is just a more casual way to say "will". Since it is more casual, it's not used as much in formal writing, etc. Conversely, "will" often has a more formal sound, and people often prefer "is going to" in casual conversation.
https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/243476/next-week-she-will-be-vs-next-week-she-is-going-to-be
Peter Barakanさん（@pbarakan）が9:12 午前 on 木, 7月 06, 2023にツイートしました:
京急さん、あまりのばかばかしさのため、聞くたびにいらいらするこの英語のアナウンスを直してください！
× This train bound for Haneda Airport. Passengers for Haneda Airport should take this train. Thank you.
○ The next train is for Haneda Airport.
（https://twitter.com/pbarakan/status/1676746010012577792?t=cd4plMG48UIbrXCy6elviA&s=03）
Peter Barakanさん（@pbarakan）が9:32 午前 on 木, 7月 06, 2023にツイートしました:
そういえば航空会社さんも、機内の英語のアナウンスの最後にどうしていつもThank youが入るのですか。英語圏では言わないことですし、非常に不自然です。Thank you for putting up with yet another annoying announcement that prevents you from concentrating on your book ということでしょうか。
（https://twitter.com/pbarakan/status/1676750941654224896?t=g2CF61nxAYliNslNWbDYMQ&s=03）
Peter Barakanさん（@pbarakan）が6:19 午後 on 木, 7月 06, 2023にツイートしました:
The doors on the right side will open
「右側のドアが開きます」なら
The doors will open on the right hand side
というべきだと思います。
（https://twitter.com/pbarakan/status/1676883482566623232?t=c1u1MyWiWTNP5oxAHQsn3w&s=03）
「(電話が鳴り)俺出るよ」にはwill。be going toや現在形や現在進行形は明白にNG
「誰がビニール袋持ってきて！こいつもう吐くぞ！」にはbe going to。willは明白にNG
「飛行機のチケット予約できたよ。明後日の午前8時に離陸する予定の便だよ」は現在形。will は明白にNG。
英語の現在形は、主に現在の事実や状況を表すために使われます。しかし、一部の文脈では、未来の出来事を表すためにも使われます。特にスケジュールや時間表を表すときには、現在形が用いられることがあります。例えば、「The train leaves at 10pm」（電車は10時に出発します）のような文では、電車の出発時間がスケジュールによって決まっていることを表しています。
しかし、車内アナウンスのような場合では、電車の到着やドアの開閉は確定した事実ではなく、まだ起こっていない未来の出来事を表しています。そのため、現在形よりも未来形の「will」を用いることで、これらの出来事がまだ起こっていない未来の事実であることを明確に示すことができます。
また、現在形を使うと、出来事が現在進行中であるかのように聞こえる可能性もあります。例えば、「The train arrives at Tokyo Station」（電車は東京駅に到着します）と言うと、電車がすでに東京駅に到着しているかのように聞こえるかもしれません。これに対して、「The train will arrive at Tokyo Station」（電車は東京駅に到着します）と言うと、電車がまだ東京駅に到着していないことが明確になります。
これは英語における「未来形」の使い方に関する質問ですね。英語には未来を表すためのさまざまな形がありますが、それぞれ微妙にニュアンスが異なります。以下にそれぞれの形を説明します。
1. 現在形: 「I arrive at Tokyo Station.」など。一般的には現在を表す形ですが、スケジュールやタイムテーブル（例えば電車の時刻表など）に基づく未来の出来事を表す場合にも使われます。
2. be going to do: 「I am going to arrive at Tokyo Station.」など。これは近い未来を表す形で、主に話し手がすでに計画や意図を持っていることを表します。
3. will: 「I will arrive at Tokyo Station.」など。これは一般的な未来を表す形で、話し手の意図や計画に関係なく、事実としての未来を述べる場合によく使われます。
それぞれの車内アナウンスについて考えてみましょう。
1. 「We will soon be arriving at Tokyo station.」: これは「まもなく東京駅に到着します」という意味です。ここで「will」が使われているのは、到着が事実として近い未来に起こることを述べているからです。また、「arriving」は進行形になっており、現在から未来にかけて進行中の行動を表しています。これは、電車がまさに到着しつつあることを強調するための表現です。
2. 「Next station is Yotsuya, doors on the right side will open.」: これは「次は四ツ谷駅です、右側のドアが開きます」という意味です。ここでも「will」が使われているのは、ドアが開くのが事実としての未来の出来事だからです。
このように、車内アナウンスでは「will」がよく使われます。これは、電車の運行やドアの開閉など、予定された未来の事実を述べるのに適した形だからです。また、車内アナウンスは多くの人に聞かれるため、最も一般的でわかりやすい形を使うことが重要です。
be going toではない理由は?
"be going to"形は通常、話し手がすでに計画している未来の行動について話すときや、現在の証拠に基づいて予想される未来の出来事について話すときに使用されます。
たとえば、あなたが友人とランチに行く計画を立てている場合、「I am going to have lunch with a friend」と言うことができます。あるいは、空が暗くなってきて雨が降りそうな場合、「It's going to rain」と言うことができます。
しかし、電車の車内アナウンスのような場合には、「be going to」形を使うと、それが話し手（この場合、運転手または自動アナウンスシステム）の個人的な計画や予想に基づいていると誤解される可能性があります。
一方、「will」を使うと、それが事実として予定されている未来の出来事であることがはっきりと伝わります。これは、電車が特定の駅に到着する、またはドアが開くといった、計画されたスケジュールに従う行動を表すのに適しています。
したがって、車内アナウンスでは「be going to」よりも「will」を使う方が、情報が正確で公式なものであることを強調し、誤解を防ぐのに効果的です。
In a discussion about the case, someone raised an objection to "someone who was not a party to the incident, who was not from Nagasaki, and who was not from Hiroshima, complaining about it. Seeing that opinion made me aware of my position, so I will say what I must say.
I was born in Nagasaki and am a third-generation A-bomb survivor.
I say this because I grew up hearing the stories of the A-bomb damage directly from those who suffered from the atomic bombings.
I feel that it is unacceptable for someone like me to speak about the A-bomb damage.
However, there are few A-bomb survivors left, so I will speak up.
In Nagasaki, children grow up hearing stories about the atomic bombing. We were made to sit in the gymnasium of an elementary school in the middle of summer, where there was not even an air conditioner or a fan, and for nearly an hour we were made to listen to stories about the atomic bombing. It was hard for me anyway.
I think it was even more painful for the elderly people who told the stories. But I don't think an elementary school kid could have imagined that. I, too, have forgotten most of the stories I was told. I can only remember one or two at most.
Another thing is that at this time of year, pictures of the victims of the atomic bombing are pasted up in the hallways.
In other parts of the country, these are grotesque images that would cause a fuss from the parents who are always nagging about them.
Recently, even the A-bomb museum has become more gentle in its exhibits, and most of the radical and horrifying exhibits that would have traumatized visitors have been removed.
I don't know how elementary schools now teach about the A-bomb damage. But when I was in elementary school, there were photos on display.
There was one photo that I just couldn't face as an elementary school student. It was a picture of Taniguchi Sumiteru(谷口稜曄). If you search for it, you can find it. It is a shocking picture, but I would still like you to see it.
I couldn't pass through the hallway where the photo was displayed, so I always took the long way around to another floor to avoid seeing the photo.
My grandfather was under the bomb and went to the burnt ruins of the bomb to look for his sister. I can understand now that he couldn't turn away or go another way.
There would have been a mountain of people still alive and moaning in the ruins of the burnt ruins. There would have been many more who would have died out in agony.
My grandfather walked for miles and miles, towing a rear wheelchair, through the narrow streets of rubble-strewn Nagasaki in search of his sister.
My grandfather was not a child then. But of course there were elementary school children who did the same thing he did. I am not speculating that there were. There were. I heard the story from him, and I still remember it.
A young brother and sister found their father's corpse in the ruins of the fire and burned it themselves. They didn't have enough wood to burn him alive, and when they saw his brain spilling out, they ran away, and that was the last time they ever saw him again.
I can never forget that story I heard when I was a kid, and even now it's painful and painful, my hands are shaking and I'm crying.
I keep wondering how that old man who ran away from his father's brain was able to expose to the public the unimaginably horrible trauma, the scar that will never heal, even after all these years.
Now I think I understand a little.
Why I can't help but talk about my grandfather and the old man now, even as I remember my own trauma.
Because this level of suffering is nothing compared to their words being forgotten.
It's nothing compared to the tremendous suffering that once existed that will be forgotten, like my hands shaking, my heart palpitating, my nose running with vertigo, and so on.
My grandfather, who went through an unimaginable hell, lived to see his grandchildren born, and met his sister's death in the ruins of the fire.
In other words, my grandfather was one of the happiest people in the ruins of the fire.
My grandfather and that old man were, after all, just people wading in the depths of hell.
I think that the suffering that even people who had experienced unimaginable pain could not imagine was lying like pebbles on the ground in Nagasaki 78 years ago, and no one paid any attention to it.
Their suffering, which I can't even imagine, is nothing compared to the countless, unimaginable suffering they witnessed, which they pretend never happened.
Memories fade inexorably with each passing human mouth. The memories that those people could never allow to be forgotten are almost forgotten.
The tremendous suffering of 78 years ago is mostly gone, never to be recounted.
Those who suffered the most from the atomic bombing died rotting in the ruins of the fire without being able to tell anyone about it.
Many of those who saw it with their own eyes kept their mouths shut and took it with them to their graves. Most of those who spoke a few words are still in their graves.
Compared to the words of the old men, my own words are so light. I would rather keep my mouth shut than speak in such light words.
But still, someone has to take over. I realize that even my words, which are so light, are only the top of the voices that are left in this world to carry on the story of the atomic bombing.
I know how it feels to think that I am the only one. Still, I hope that you will not shut your mouth. I know that I have closed my mouth because I thought I shouldn't talk about it, and that is the result.
Sometimes I almost choose to stop imagining the unimaginable suffering and live my life consuming other people's suffering for fun.
I am writing this while I still have some imagination of the suffering of the old people whose voices, faces, and even words I can no longer recall.
すまん。勝手に翻訳した。拡散はどうするかな。redditとかに投稿するのがいいのか?
----
I have seen some posts asking if they should talk about "the case" even though they were not involved in it and were not born in Nagasaki or Hiroshima, and I am a bit aware of it, so I have to say what I have to say. I say this because I was born in Nagasaki, am a third generation atomic bomb survivor, and grew up hearing the stories of those who experienced the atomic bombing firsthand. I know it's a little bit too much for me, but I'm going to say this because there are very few survivors left.
In Nagasaki, children grow up hearing stories about the atomic bombing. They were stuffed into sushi for nearly an hour in the gymnasium of an elementary school in the middle of summer, with no air conditioner or fan, and told stories about the atomic bombing. That was a hard time for me. I think it must have been even harder for the old people who told the stories, but there was no way an elementary school kid could imagine such a thing, and I had forgotten most of the stories I had been told for a long time. I have forgotten most of the stories I was told. I can only remember one or two at most. There is one more hard thing. Every year around this time, a row of grotesque images that would drive the PTA crazy in other areas are prominently displayed in the hallways. These days, I hear that the atomic bomb museum has been bleached out and many of the radical and horrifying exhibits that traumatized visitors have been taken down. I don't know if they are still there, but they were there when I was in elementary school.
There was one photo that I just couldn't face when I was in elementary school. It is a picture of Sumiteru Taniguchi. If you search for it, you can find it. It is a shocking picture, but I would like you to take a look at it. I couldn't pass through the hallway where the photo was posted, so I always took the long way around to another floor of the school building to avoid seeing the photo.
Now I'm thinking that my grandfather, who headed into the burnt ruins to look for his sister, couldn't have turned away or taken a different path. There would have been a mountain of people still alive and moaning, not just pictures, and a mountain more who would have given up at the end of their suffering. He walked for miles and miles, towing his handcart through the narrow streets of rubble-strewn Nagasaki in search of his sister. My grandfather was not a child at the time, but of course there were children who did similar things. Not that there wouldn't have been. There were. I heard the story from him, and I still remember it. A young brother and sister found their father's body in the ruins of a fire and they burned it. They didn't have enough wood to burn his body, and when they saw the raw brain that spilled out, they ran away and that was the last time they ever saw him anymore.
I can never forget the story I heard when I was a kid, and even now it is painful and painful, my hands are shaking and I am crying. I keep wondering how the old man who escaped from that father's brain could have been able to unravel the most horrible trauma imaginable and expose it to the public with scars that will never heal.
Now I think I can understand a little.
The reason I can't help but talk about my grandfather and that old man, even if I have to rehash my own trauma, is that this level of suffering is nothing compared to the fact that their words will be forgotten. My hands shaking, my heart palpitating and dizzy, my nose running with tears, it's nothing compared to the tremendous suffering that was once there and will be forgotten.
My grandfather, who went through an unimaginable hell, lived to see his grandchildren born, and met his sister's death in the ruins of the fire. In other words, my grandfather was one of the happiest people in the ruins of the fire. My grandfather and that old man were, after all, just people wading in the depths of hell. I think that the suffering that even people who had experienced unimaginable pain could not imagine was lying like pebbles in Nagasaki 78 years ago, and no one paid any attention to it. Their suffering, which I can't even imagine, is nothing compared to the countless, tremendous suffering they witnessed, which they pretend never happened.
Memories fade inexorably every time people talk about them. The memories that those people could not allow to be forgotten are now largely forgotten; the tremendous suffering of 78 years ago is mostly gone, never to be recounted again. Those who suffered the most from the atomic bombing died rotting in the ruins of the fire, unable to tell anyone about it. Many of those who saw it with their own eyes kept their mouths shut and took it with them to their graves. Most of those who spoke a few words are now under the grave.
Compared to the words of the old men, my own words are so light. I would rather keep my mouth shut than speak in such light words. But still, someone has to take over. I realize that even my words, which are so light, are only the top of the voices that are left in this world to carry on the story of the atomic bombing. I know how it feels to wonder if someone like myself is allowed to speak about this. Still, I hope that you will not shut your mouth. This is the result of our silence.
Sometimes I almost choose to stop imagining the unimaginable suffering and live my life consuming other people's suffering for the fun of it. I am writing this while I still have some imagination of the suffering of the old people whose voices, faces, and even words I can no longer recall.
Translator's note: The original post in Japanese is a response to a post by a Japanese contributor who wondered if he was qualified to speak out on the subject of the A-bomb when he was not from Hiroshima and Nagasaki, but still spoke out about Barbie and the A-bomb. I translated it here because I think it deserves to be read by the world.
個人的にも眉唾ものではあるけど、ここ2,3日ワクワクしながら動向を追っている常温超伝導体LK-99。
発表までの経緯も判明していて、それが面白かった。
実は今回のarxivへの最初の発表は研究チームのメンバー「だった」クォンという教授が独断で行ったらしい。
クォン教授はLK-99はガチだと考えてるみたいで、自分がその発見者としての栄誉にあずかりたかったんじゃないかと推測されている。
だから論文の英語はおかしく、論文そのものにも欠陥があると言われている。
また論文中のWe believe that our new development will be a brand-new historical event that opens a new era for humankind. (私たちの新たな発展は、人類の新たな時代を切り開く全く新しい歴史的出来事となると信じています。)という大袈裟な表現にもクォン教授の考えが透けて見える。
更にクォン教授とは今連絡がつかなくなっているとか。
とは言え全くの門外漢で韓国語もさっぱりわからないのでどこまで事実かは不明な点は強調しておきたい。
ちなみにLK-99の再現は各国で現在進行中で、中にはtwitchで配信しているものもある。
合成は難しくないので今週中に結果はわかるとのこと(既にインドや中国では再現に失敗したとかなんとか)
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