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はてなキーワード: As Oneとは
When the diesel generators were gone, the reactor operators switched to emergency battery power. The batteries were designed as one of the backups to the backups, to provide power for cooling the core for 8 hours. And they did.
Within the 8 hours, another power source had to be found and connected to the power plant. The power grid was down due to the earthquake. The diesel generators were destroyed by the tsunami. So mobile diesel generators were trucked in.
This is where things started to go seriously wrong. The external power generators could not be connected to the power plant (the plugs did not fit). So after the batteries ran out, the residual heat could not be carried away any more.
At this point the plant operators begin to follow emergency procedures that are in place for a “loss of cooling event”. It is again a step along the “Depth of Defense” lines. The power to the cooling systems should never have failed completely, but it did, so they “retreat” to the next line of defense. All of this, however shocking it seems to us, is part of the day-to-day training you go through as an operator, right through to managing a core meltdown.
It was at this stage that people started to talk about core meltdown. Because at the end of the day, if cooling cannot be restored, the core will eventually melt (after hours or days), and the last line of defense, the core catcher and third containment, would come into play.
But the goal at this stage was to manage the core while it was heating up, and ensure that the first containment (the Zircaloy tubes that contains the nuclear fuel), as well as the second containment (our pressure cooker) remain intact and operational for as long as possible, to give the engineers time to fix the cooling systems.
Because cooling the core is such a big deal, the reactor has a number of cooling systems, each in multiple versions (the reactor water cleanup system, the decay heat removal, the reactor core isolating cooling, the standby liquid cooling system, and the emergency core cooling system). Which one failed when or did not fail is not clear at this point in time.
So imagine our pressure cooker on the stove, heat on low, but on. The operators use whatever cooling system capacity they have to get rid of as much heat as possible, but the pressure starts building up. The priority now is to maintain integrity of the first containment (keep temperature of the fuel rods below 2200°C), as well as the second containment, the pressure cooker. In order to maintain integrity of the pressure cooker (the second containment), the pressure has to be released from time to time. Because the ability to do that in an emergency is so important, the reactor has 11 pressure release valves. The operators now started venting steam from time to time to control the pressure. The temperature at this stage was about 550°C.
This is when the reports about “radiation leakage” starting coming in. I believe I explained above why venting the steam is theoretically the same as releasing radiation into the environment, but why it was and is not dangerous. The radioactive nitrogen as well as the noble gases do not pose a threat to human health.
At some stage during this venting, the explosion occurred. The explosion took place outside of the third containment (our “last line of defense”), and the reactor building. Remember that the reactor building has no function in keeping the radioactivity contained. It is not entirely clear yet what has happened, but this is the likely scenario: The operators decided to vent the steam from the pressure vessel not directly into the environment, but into the space between the third containment and the reactor building (to give the radioactivity in the steam more time to subside). The problem is that at the high temperatures that the core had reached at this stage, water molecules can “disassociate” into oxygen and hydrogen – an explosive mixture. And it did explode, outside the third containment, damaging the reactor building around. It was that sort of explosion, but inside the pressure vessel (because it was badly designed and not managed properly by the operators) that lead to the explosion of Chernobyl. This was never a risk at Fukushima. The problem of hydrogen-oxygen formation is one of the biggies when you design a power plant (if you are not Soviet, that is), so the reactor is build and operated in a way it cannot happen inside the containment. It happened outside, which was not intended but a possible scenario and OK, because it did not pose a risk for the containment.
So the pressure was under control, as steam was vented. Now, if you keep boiling your pot, the problem is that the water level will keep falling and falling. The core is covered by several meters of water in order to allow for some time to pass (hours, days) before it gets exposed. Once the rods start to be exposed at the top, the exposed parts will reach the critical temperature of 2200 °C after about 45 minutes. This is when the first containment, the Zircaloy tube, would fail.
And this started to happen. The cooling could not be restored before there was some (very limited, but still) damage to the casing of some of the fuel. The nuclear material itself was still intact, but the surrounding Zircaloy shell had started melting. What happened now is that some of the byproducts of the uranium decay – radioactive Cesium and Iodine – started to mix with the steam. The big problem, uranium, was still under control, because the uranium oxide rods were good until 3000 °C. It is confirmed that a very small amount of Cesium and Iodine was measured in the steam that was released into the atmosphere.
It seems this was the “go signal” for a major plan B. The small amounts of Cesium that were measured told the operators that the first containment on one of the rods somewhere was about to give. The Plan A had been to restore one of the regular cooling systems to the core. Why that failed is unclear. One plausible explanation is that the tsunami also took away / polluted all the clean water needed for the regular cooling systems.
The water used in the cooling system is very clean, demineralized (like distilled) water. The reason to use pure water is the above mentioned activation by the neutrons from the Uranium: Pure water does not get activated much, so stays practically radioactive-free. Dirt or salt in the water will absorb the neutrons quicker, becoming more radioactive. This has no effect whatsoever on the core – it does not care what it is cooled by. But it makes life more difficult for the operators and mechanics when they have to deal with activated (i.e. slightly radioactive) water.
But Plan A had failed – cooling systems down or additional clean water unavailable – so Plan B came into effect. This is what it looks like happened:
In order to prevent a core meltdown, the operators started to use sea water to cool the core. I am not quite sure if they flooded our pressure cooker with it (the second containment), or if they flooded the third containment, immersing the pressure cooker. But that is not relevant for us.
The point is that the nuclear fuel has now been cooled down. Because the chain reaction has been stopped a long time ago, there is only very little residual heat being produced now. The large amount of cooling water that has been used is sufficient to take up that heat. Because it is a lot of water, the core does not produce sufficient heat any more to produce any significant pressure. Also, boric acid has been added to the seawater. Boric acid is “liquid control rod”. Whatever decay is still going on, the Boron will capture the neutrons and further speed up the cooling down of the core.
The plant came close to a core meltdown. Here is the worst-case scenario that was avoided: If the seawater could not have been used for treatment, the operators would have continued to vent the water steam to avoid pressure buildup. The third containment would then have been completely sealed to allow the core meltdown to happen without releasing radioactive material. After the meltdown, there would have been a waiting period for the intermediate radioactive materials to decay inside the reactor, and all radioactive particles to settle on a surface inside the containment. The cooling system would have been restored eventually, and the molten core cooled to a manageable temperature. The containment would have been cleaned up on the inside. Then a messy job of removing the molten core from the containment would have begun, packing the (now solid again) fuel bit by bit into transportation containers to be shipped to processing plants. Depending on the damage, the block of the plant would then either be repaired or dismantled.
Now, where does that leave us?
・The plant is safe now and will stay safe.
・Japan is looking at an INES Level 4 Accident: Nuclear accident with local consequences. That is bad for the company that owns the plant, but not for anyone else.
・Some radiation was released when the pressure vessel was vented. All radioactive isotopes from the activated steam have gone (decayed). A very small amount of Cesium was released, as well as Iodine. If you were sitting on top of the plants’ chimney when they were venting, you should probably give up smoking to return to your former life expectancy. The Cesium and Iodine isotopes were carried out to the sea and will never be seen again.
・There was some limited damage to the first containment. That means that some amounts of radioactive Cesium and Iodine will also be released into the cooling water, but no Uranium or other nasty stuff (the Uranium oxide does not “dissolve” in the water). There are facilities for treating the cooling water inside the third containment. The radioactive Cesium and Iodine will be removed there and eventually stored as radioactive waste in terminal storage.
・The seawater used as cooling water will be activated to some degree. Because the control rods are fully inserted, the Uranium chain reaction is not happening. That means the “main” nuclear reaction is not happening, thus not contributing to the activation. The intermediate radioactive materials (Cesium and Iodine) are also almost gone at this stage, because the Uranium decay was stopped a long time ago. This further reduces the activation. The bottom line is that there will be some low level of activation of the seawater, which will also be removed by the treatment facilities.
・The seawater will then be replaced over time with the “normal” cooling water
・The reactor core will then be dismantled and transported to a processing facility, just like during a regular fuel change.
・Fuel rods and the entire plant will be checked for potential damage. This will take about 4-5 years.
・The safety systems on all Japanese plants will be upgraded to withstand a 9.0 earthquake and tsunami (or worse)
・I believe the most significant problem will be a prolonged power shortage. About half of Japan’s nuclear reactors will probably have to be inspected, reducing the nation’s power generating capacity by 15%. This will probably be covered by running gas power plants that are usually only used for peak loads to cover some of the base load as well. That will increase your electricity bill, as well as lead to potential power shortages during peak demand, in Japan.
If you want to stay informed, please forget the usual media outlets and consult the following websites:
http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS_Battle_to_stabilise_earthquake_reactors_1203111.html
http://bravenewclimate.com/2011/03/12/japan-nuclear-earthquake/
http://ansnuclearcafe.org/2011/03/11/media-updates-on-nuclear-power-stations-in-japan/
Lev. 18:22, "You shall not lie with a male as one lies with a female; it is an abomination."
Lev. 20:13, "If there is a man who lies with a male as those who lie with a woman, both of them have committed a detestable act; they shall surely be put to death. Their bloodguiltness is upon them"
1 Cor. 6:9-10, "Or do you not know that the unrighteous shall not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived; neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor homosexuals, 10nor thieves, nor the covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor swindlers, shall inherit the kingdom of God."
Rom. 1:26-28, "For this reason God gave them over to degrading passions; for their women exchanged the natural function for that which is unnatural, 27and in the same way also the men abandoned the natural function of the woman and burned in their desire toward one another, men with men committing indecent acts and receiving in their own persons the due penalty of their error. 28And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God any longer, God gave them over to a depraved mind, to do those things which are not proper."
Possibly, my following story surprise you.
However, we, Japanese have a duty toward world people(included future generation)that tell the truth.
In 1998, when Obama was still just a lawyer, he came to Japan.
Then, Obama dealt with a lawsuit that was involved in Ford employer and Honda employer.
The content of this affair is following; in 1995, Ford employer stole the confidential report of Honda
(http:/nikkei.com/article=19951001_23), and this affair was disclosed by Japanese Police and Japanese Monopoly Commission.
This affair is responsible to Ford. And Honda was the victim.
But, in 1997 Obama was asked by Ford as their company lawyer. Then, Obama didn't know the true.
In this time, Obama was regarded as one of the best lawyer and Candidate. So he couldn't miss this lawsuit.
However, he had gradually understood his position and revealed his failure that undertook this lawsuit.
If this lawsuit occurred, Obama maybe didn't become Candidate and President of U.S.A.
But, the lawsuit didn't occur.In 1998, in Tokyo, Obama met some Japanese politicians, some Honda's boards.
Instead of giving up this lawsuit, they require Obama to accept a condition:
"If U.S.A government try to oust Japanese auto company, Obama and Ford should rescue Honda".
And Honda have been devoting a lot of money to Obama.
You must rethink 2009's situation.
Who is winner?
In 2009, when GM's problem occured, when Toyota's problem occured, who did get this benefit?
Some people maybe think this story is nonsense. Rethink.
わたしが出かけた少しの間にいきをひきとりました。
側にいた家族が気がつかないほど安らかな最後だったようです。。。
The Next Place
By Warren Hanson
Will be as peaceful and familiar
And a sweet, untroubled mind.
And yet . . .
It won't be anything like any place I've ever been. . .
Or seen. . . or even dreamed of
In the place I leave behind.
I won't know where I'm going,
And I won't know where I've been
As I tumble through the always
And look back toward the when.
I'll glide beyond the rainbows.
I'll drift above the sky.
I'll fly into the wonder, without ever wondering why.
I won't remember getting there.
Somehow I'll just arrive.
But I'll know that I belong there
Than I have ever felt before.
I will be absolutely free of the things that I held onto
That were holding onto me.
Will be so quiet and so still
That the whispered song of sweet belonging will rise up to fill
The listening sky with joyful silence,
And with unheard harmonies
Of music made by no one playing,
There will be no room for darkness in that place of living light,
Where an ever-dawning morning pushes back the dying night.
The very air will fill with brilliance, as the brightly shining sun
And the moon and half a million stars are married into one.
The next place that I go Won't really be a place at all.
There won't be any seasons --
Winter, summer, spring or fall --
And the seconds will be standing still. . .
While hours hurry by.
I will not be a boy or girl,
A woman or man.
I'll simply be just, simply, me.
No worse or better than.
My skin will not be dark or light.
The body I once lived in
I will be without a flaw.
I will never make one more mistake,
Or break the smallest law.
And the me that was impatient,
Or was angry, or unkind,
Will simply be a memory.
The me I left behind.
There is not a single thing
I have collected in my life
That I would ever want to bring Except. . .
The love of those who loved me,
And the warmth of those who cared.
And magic that we shared.
Though I will know the joy of solitude. . .
I'll never be alone. I'll be embraced
By all the family and friends I've ever known.
Although I might not see their faces,
All our hearts will beat as one,
Will shine brighter than the sun.
I will cherish all the friendship I was fortunate to find,
All love and all the laughter in the place I leave behind.
All these good things will go with me.
They will make my spirit glow.
And that light will shine forever In the next place that I go.
→(1/2) http://anond.hatelabo.jp/20090919162618
────────────────────────────────────────────── ファイル／フォルダ名 サイズ ────────────────────────────────────────────── C ├ C [℃-ute] ②mini - 生きるという力 - │ ├ 01 [℃-ute] That's the POWER 11 MByte │ ├ 02 [℃-ute] 僕らの輝き 8 MByte │ ├ 03 [℃-ute] ディスコ クイーン 10 MByte │ ├ 04 [℃-ute] 通学ベクトル 10 MByte │ └ 05 [℃-ute] 夏DOKIリップスティック 7 MByte ├ C [℃-ute] 3rd - LOVE エスカレーション！ - │ ├ 01 [℃-ute] 都会っ子 純情 10 MByte │ ├ 02 [鈴木愛理＆矢島舞美] イメージカラー 11 MByte │ ├ 03 [℃-ute] 乙女COCORO 10 MByte │ ├ 04 [℃-ute] LALALA 幸せの歌 10 MByte │ ├ 05 [℃-ute] ほめられ伸び子のテーマ曲 10 MByte │ ├ 06 [℃-ute] めぐる恋の季節 7 MByte │ ├ 07 [岡井千聖＆有原栞菜] スイーーツ→→→ライブ 10 MByte │ ├ 08 [℃-ute] 桜チラリ 9 MByte │ ├ 09 [中島早貴＆萩原舞] 晴れのプラチナ通り 9 MByte │ └ 10 [テンション上げ子 with ℃-ute合唱団] ドドンガドン音頭 9 MByte ├ C [℃-ute] ④憧れ My STAR │ ├ 01 [℃-ute] ☆憧れ My STAR☆ 8 MByte │ ├ 02 [梅田えりか＆岡井千聖＆萩原舞] One's LIFE 12 MByte │ ├ 03 [鈴木愛理] Yes! all my family 9 MByte │ ├ 04 [℃-ute] 涙の色 10 MByte │ ├ 05 [中島早貴＆有原栞菜] 愛してる 愛してる 11 MByte │ ├ 06 [矢島舞美] 青春ソング 11 MByte │ ├ 07 [℃-ute] Big dreams 12 MByte │ ├ 08 [℃-ute] SHINES 11 MByte │ ├ 09 [℃-ute] 約束は特にしないわ 12 MByte │ ├ 10 [℃-ute] FOREVER LOVE 9 MByte │ └ 11 [℃-ute] 江戸の手毬唄Ⅱ 6 MByte ├ C [℃-ute] Bye Bye Bye! │ ├ 01 [℃-ute] Bye Bye Bye! 9 MByte │ ├ 02 [℃-ute] Go Go Go! 10 MByte │ └ 03 [℃-ute] Bye Bye Bye! (instrumental) 9 MByte ├ C [℃-ute] EVERYDAY 絶好調!! │ ├ 01 [℃-ute] EVERYDAY 絶好調!! 10 MByte │ ├ 02 [℃-ute] 甘い罠 8 MByte │ └ 03 [℃-ute] EVERYDAY 絶好調!! (Instrumental) 10 MByte ├ C [℃-ute] FOREVER LOVE │ ├ 01 [℃-ute] FOREVER LOVE 9 MByte │ ├ 02 [℃-ute] セブンティーンズ VOW 10 MByte │ └ 03 [℃-ute] FOREVER LOVE (Instrumental) 9 MByte ├ C [℃-ute] LALALA 幸せの歌 │ ├ 01 [℃-ute] LALALA 幸せの歌 10 MByte │ ├ 02 [℃-ute] 最高級のエンジョイGIRLS 10 MByte │ └ 03 [℃-ute] LALALA 幸せの歌 (Instrumental) 10 MByte ├ C [℃-ute] キューティークイーン Vol.1 │ ├ 01 [℃-ute] まっさらブルージーンズ 9 MByte │ ├ 02 [℃-ute] わっきゃない(Z) 8 MByte │ ├ 03 [℃-ute] 即 抱きしめて 8 MByte │ ├ 04 [℃-ute] 大きな愛でもてなして 7 MByte │ ├ 05 [℃-ute] タイムカプセル 9 MByte │ ├ 06 [℃-ute] EVERYDAY YEAH！ 片想い 9 MByte │ ├ 07 [℃-ute] As ONE 9 MByte │ ├ 08 [℃-ute] YES! しあわせ (℃-ute Ver.) 10 MByte │ └ 09 [℃-ute] ENDLESS LOVE - I Love You More - 10 MByte ├ C [℃-ute] まっさらブルージーンズ │ ├ 01 [℃-ute] まっさらブルージーンズ 4 MByte │ └ 02 [℃-ute] まっさらブルージーンズ (Instrumental) 9 MByte ├ C [℃-ute] めぐる恋の季節 │ ├ 01 [℃-ute] めぐる恋の季節 7 MByte │ ├ 02 [℃-ute] 美少女心理 9 MByte │ └ 03 [℃-ute] めぐる恋の季節 (Instrumental) 8 MByte ├ C [℃-ute] わっきゃない(Z) │ ├ 01 [℃-ute] わっきゃない(Z) 3 MByte │ └ 02 [℃-ute] わっきゃない(Z) (Instrumental) 3 MByte ├ C [℃-ute] 越えろ！楽天イーグルス │ ├ 01 [℃-ute] 越えろ！楽天イーグルス 9 MByte │ └ 02 [℃-ute] 越えろ！楽天イーグルス (Instrumental) 9 MByte ├ C [℃-ute] 江戸の手毬唄Ⅱ │ ├ 01 [℃-ute] 江戸の手毬唄Ⅱ 6 MByte │ ├ 02 [℃-ute] 忘れたくない夏 12 MByte │ └ 03 [℃-ute] 江戸の手毬唄Ⅱ (Instrumental) 6 MByte ├ C [℃-ute] 桜チラリ │ ├ 01 [℃-ute] 桜チラリ 9 MByte │ ├ 02 [℃-ute] JUMP 10 MByte │ └ 03 [℃-ute] 桜チラリ (Instrumental) 9 MByte ├ C [℃-ute] 即 抱きしめて │ ├ 01 [℃-ute] 即 抱きしめて 3 MByte │ └ 02 [℃-ute] 即 抱きしめて (Instrumental) 8 MByte ├ C [℃-ute] 大きな愛でもてなして │ ├ 01 [℃-ute] 大きな愛でもてなして 7 MByte │ └ 02 [℃-ute] 大きな愛でもてなして (Instrumental) 7 MByte ├ C [℃-ute] 都会っ子 純情 │ ├ 01 [℃-ute] 都会っ子 純情 10 MByte │ ├ 02 [℃-ute] 私立共学 12 MByte │ └ 03 [℃-ute] 都会っ子 純情 (Instrumental) 10 MByte └ C [℃-ute] 涙の色 ├ 01 [℃-ute] 涙の色 10 MByte ├ 02 [℃-ute] ダーリン I LOVE YOU (℃-ute Ver.) 10 MByte └ 03 [℃-ute] 涙の色 (Instrumental) 10 MByte ──────────────────────────────────────────────
Giro Orita was one of a team of veterinarians who arrived in Syria in October 1964 in response to a request to the Japanese government from the Syrian Ministry of Agriculture. When the Japanese team completed its mission in 1968,
the Syrian government invited Dr. Orita to stay and continue his work, as well as foster collaboration in animal health research between Japan and Syria.
In 1983, when the Syria-based International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) asked the Japanese government for help to develop small-ruminant pathology research, Dr. Orita was delegated by JICA to lead the institute’s animal health research as a visiting veterinarian. In 1985, Dr. Orita received the Syrian Medal of Distinction (second rank) from the Minister of Culture.
He left ICARDA in 1990 but continued to promote relationships between ICARDA and Japanese organizations. ICARDA later named a new animal health laboratory after him.
(http://www.cgiar.org/pdf/Japan_CGIAR_English_June2006.pdfより引用)
どうやら、折田獣医師は1964年に農水省-日本獣医師会経由でシリアに渡ったんだな。そのあと、プロジェクトは1968年に終了しちゃうんだけど、彼だけはシリア政府の要請によりシリアに留まった。
それから15年以上あと、1983年から乾燥地の農業プロジェクトが立ち上がったんで、「JICA派遣エキスパート」という肩書きを受けて参加したということか。
やっぱ、あとからJICAと協力したって感じじゃねーか。
CGIAR（国際農業研究協議グループ）ってサイトからだけど、獣医師会の記事とも合ってるし、これでいいんじゃね？
乏しい、とは言ってもある程度の技能や知識は持っていますよ。それに最近じゃ高い技能を持った中堅どころがたくさん応募してくるので競争率が非常に高くなったらしいです。
ある程度の技能や知識があっても、組織がないと大きな事業は興せない。
利権もない（＝お金もコネクションも相手行政への影響力もない）では、1kmの舗装道路さえできない。
剣道や柔道の普及なんて、「日本広報活動」以外の何物でもないわな。（もちろん、それは重要な活動です。）
高い技能を持った中堅どころが参加って、、、リストラや途中で会社辞めちゃった人の受け皿か。
なんだか良いことか悪いことかわかんないね。
専門家派遣のほうがメインって書いたけど、専門家派遣だと利権も絡むし、その専門家の所属する団体（企業）の利害もからむ。
ただ、組織の仕事に直結するから、活動の規模はずっと大きくなるし、いろんなコネも使える。
ぜんぜん利権のない海外協力隊がお金を使わず浅井戸を１本あげるのと、日本の企業が金儲けしながら、
専門家派遣で深井戸を１０本あげるのでは、どちらが地域貢献になるか？
もちろん、ジャンルによってまったく違うのはわかるんだけど、他でもそうである場合が多いんだ。
文化財を補修するにしても、日本の団体から派遣された専門家が補助金獲得と実績を挙げるためにプロジェクトを立ち上げて、
長く続けるのと、青年協力隊が単発でやるのとどちらが貢献できるか？
ボランティアにできることと、できないこと。
そのへんは、きちんと把握すべきだな。
The pebbles you’ve arranged
In the sand they’re strange
They speak to me like constellations as we lie here
And that you never seem to be in short supply of
Oooh…so baby let’s get it on
Drinking wine and killing time sitting in the summer sun
You know, I wanted you so long
So why’d you have to drop that bomb on me
You said we been friends too long
Were long enough to bloom
The flowers on the summer dress you wore in spring
The way we laughed as one
And then you dropped the bomb
That I know you too long for us to have a thing
REPEAT CHORUS (2X)
Could it be this, the starfish in your eyes
Tell our silent wings, you fly away on
Were long enough to bloom
The flowers on that sunbeam dress you wore in spring
We laughed as one, why’d you drop that bomb on me
REPEAT CHORUS
Could it be this…
The honeysuckle guess you seem to show me
Could it be this…
For seven days in june I wasn’t lonely
Could it be this…
You never gave me time to say I love you
Could it be this…
I know you don’t believe me, but it’s so true
Don’t walk away from me girl
I read the stories in your eyes