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Digital cameras are made in a wide range of sizes, prices and capabilities. The majority are camera phones, operated as a mobile application through the cellphone menu. Professional photographers and many amateurs use larger, more expensive digital single-lens reflex cameras (DSLR) for their greater versatility. Between these extremes lie digital compact cameras and bridge digital cameras that "bridge" the gap between amateur and professional cameras. Specialized cameras including multispectral imaging equipment and astrographs continue to serve the scientific, military, medical and other special purposes for which digital photography was invented.
Subcompact with lens assembly retracted
Compact cameras are designed to be tiny and portable and are particularly suitable for casual and "snapshot" uses. Hence, they are also called point-and-shoot cameras. The smallest, generally less than 20 mm thick, are described as subcompacts or "ultra-compacts" and some are nearly credit card size.[2]
Most, apart from ruggedized or water-resistant models, incorporate a retractable lens assembly allowing a thin camera to have a moderately long focal length and thus fully exploit an image sensor larger than that on a camera phone, and a mechanized lens cap to cover the lens when retracted. The retracted and capped lens is protected from keys, coins and other hard objects, thus making it a thin, pocketable package. Subcompacts commonly have one lug and a short wrist strap which aids extraction from a pocket, while thicker compacts may have two lugs for attaching a neck strap.
Compact cameras are usually designed to be easy to use, sacrificing advanced features and picture quality for compactness and simplicity; images can usually only be stored using lossy compression (JPEG). Most have a built-in flash usually of low power, sufficient for nearby subjects. Live preview is almost always used to frame the photo. Most have limited motion picture capability. Compacts often have macro capability and zoom lenses but the zoom range is usually less than for bridge and DSLR cameras. Generally a contrast-detect autofocus system, using the image data from the live preview feed of the main imager, focuses the lens.
Typically, these cameras incorporate a nearly silent leaf shutter into their lenses.
For lower cost and smaller size, these cameras typically use image sensors with a diagonal of approximately 6 mm, corresponding to a crop factor around 6. This gives them weaker low-light performance, greater depth of field, generally closer focusing ability, and smaller components than cameras using larger sensors.
Starting in 2011, some compact digital cameras can take 3D still photos. These 3D compact stereo cameras can capture 3D panoramic photos for play back on a 3D TV.[3] Some of these are rugged and waterproof, and some have GPS, compass, barometer and altimeter. [4]
Main article: Bridge camera
Bridge are higher-end digital cameras that physically and ergonomically resemble DSLRs and share with them some advanced features, but share with compacts the use of a fixed lens and a small sensor. Like compacts, most use live preview to frame the image. Their autofocus uses the same contrast-detect mechanism, but many bridge cameras have a manual focus mode, in some cases using a separate focus ring, for greater control. They originally "bridged" the gap between affordable point-and-shoot cameras and the then unaffordable earlier digital SLRs.
Due to the combination of big physical size but a small sensor, many of these cameras have very highly specified lenses with large zoom range and fast aperture, partially compensating for the inability to change lenses. On some, the lens qualifies as superzoom. To compensate for the lesser sensitivity of their small sensors, these cameras almost always include an image stabilization system to enable longer handheld exposures.
These cameras are sometimes marketed as and confused with digital SLR cameras since the appearance is similar. Bridge cameras lack the reflex viewing system of DSLRs, are usually fitted with fixed (non-interchangeable) lenses (although some have a lens thread to attach accessory wide-angle or telephoto converters), and can usually take movies with sound. The scene is composed by viewing either the liquid crystal display or the electronic viewfinder (EVF). Most have a longer shutter lag than a true dSLR, but they are capable of good image quality (with sufficient light) while being more compact and lighter than DSLRs. High-end models of this type have comparable resolutions to low and mid-range DSLRs. Many of these cameras can store images in a Raw image format, or processed and JPEG compressed, or both. The majority have a built-in flash similar to those found in DSLRs.
In bright sun, the quality difference between a good compact camera and a digital SLR is minimal but bridgecams are more portable, cost less and have a similar zoom ability to dSLR. Thus a Bridge camera may better suit outdoor daytime activities, except when seeking professional-quality photos.[5]
In low light conditions and/or at ISO equivalents above 800, most bridge cameras (or megazooms) lack in image quality when compared to even entry level DSLRs. However, they do have one major advantage: their much larger depth of field due to the small sensor as compared to a DSLR, allowing larger apertures with shorter exposure times.
A 3D Photo Mode was introduced in 2011, whereby the camera automatically takes a second image from a slightly different perspective and provides a standard .MPO file for stereo display. [6]
[edit]Mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera
Main article: Mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera
In late 2008, a new type of camera emerged, combining the larger sensors and interchangeable lenses of DSLRs with the live-preview viewing system of compact cameras, either through an electronic viewfinder or on the rear LCD. These are simpler and more compact than DSLRs due to the removal of the mirror box, and typically emulate the handling and ergonomics of either DSLRs or compacts. The system is used by Micro Four Thirds, borrowing components from the Four Thirds DSLR system.
[edit]Digital single lens reflex cameras
Cutaway of an Olympus E-30 DSLR
Main article: Digital single-lens reflex camera
Digital single-lens reflex cameras (DSLRs) are digital cameras based on film single-lens reflex cameras (SLRs). They take their name from their unique viewing system, in which a mirror reflects light from the lens through a separate optical viewfinder. At the moment of exposure the mirror flips out of the way, making a distinctive "clack" sound and allowing light to fall on the imager.
Since no light reaches the imager during framing, autofocus is accomplished using specialized sensors in the mirror box itself. Most 21st century DSLRs also have a "live view" mode that emulates the live preview system of compact cameras, when selected.
These cameras have much larger sensors than the other types, typically 18 mm to 36 mm on the diagonal (crop factor 2, 1.6, or 1). This gives them superior low-light performance, less depth of field at a given aperture, and a larger size.
They make use of interchangeable lenses; each major DSLR manufacturer also sells a line of lenses specifically intended to be used on their cameras. This allows the user to select a lens designed for the application at hand: wide-angle, telephoto, low-light, etc. So each lens does not require its own shutter, DSLRs use a focal-plane shutter in front of the imager, behind the mirror.
Main article: Rangefinder camera#Digital rangefinder
A rangefinder is a user-operated optical mechanism to measure subject distance once widely used on film cameras. Most digital cameras measure subject distance automatically using electro-optical techniques, but it is not customary to say that they have a rangefinder.
[edit]Line-scan camera systems
A line-scan camera is a camera device containing a line-scan image sensor chip, and a focusing mechanism. These cameras are almost solely used in industrial settings to capture an image of a constant stream of moving material. Unlike video cameras, line-scan cameras use a single row of pixel sensors, instead of a matrix of them. Data coming from the line-scan camera has a frequency, where the camera scans a line, waits, and repeats. The data coming from the line-scan camera is commonly processed by a computer, to collect the one-dimensional line data and to create a two-dimensional image. The collected two-dimensional image data is then processed by image-processing methods for industrial purposes.
Further information: Rotating line camera
Many devices include digital cameras built into or integrated into them. For example, mobile phones often include digital cameras; those that do are known as camera phones. Other small electronic devices (especially those used for communication) such as PDAs, laptops and BlackBerry devices often contain an integral digital camera, and most 21st century camcorders can also make still pictures.
Due to the limited storage capacity and general emphasis on convenience rather than image quality, almost all these integrated or converged devices store images in the lossy but compact JPEG file format.
Mobile phones incorporating digital cameras were introduced in Japan in 2001 by J-Phone. In 2003 camera phones outsold stand-alone digital cameras, and in 2006 they outsold all film-based cameras and digital cameras combined. These camera phones reached a billion devices sold in only five years, and by 2007 more than half of the installed base of all mobile phones were camera phones. Sales of separate cameras peaked in 2008. [7]
Integrated cameras tend to be at the very lowest end of the scale of digital cameras in technical specifications, such as resolution, optical quality, and ability to use accessories. With rapid development, however, the gap between mainstream compact digital cameras and camera phones is closing, and high-end camera phones are competitive with low-end stand-alone digital cameras of the same generation.
A Canon WP-1 waterproof 35 mm film camera
Waterproof digital cameras are digital cameras that can make pictures underwater. Waterproof housings have long been made but they cost almost as the cameras. Many waterproof digital cameras are shockproof and resistant to low temperatures; one of them is Canon PowerShot D10, one of the first underwater digital cameras.
These cameras become very popular during the holiday season, because many people want to save the best moments from their holidays at the seaside. Waterproof watches and mobile phones were produced earlier. Most makers of digital cameras also produce waterproof ones and every year they launch at least one new model, for example Sony, Olympus, Canon, Fuji.
Healthways Mako Shark, an early waterproof camera,[8] was launched in 1958 and cost around 25 dollars. It was a huge camera and pictures were black and white.
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本来の初詣ならば神社の方がいいんですけども、寺の方が近いので。
Digital camera battery is the key for the key, second in importance only lens I’m afraid, and in order to photograph in your heart, a powerful battery to provide power as a follow-up is essential. But even the best battery time, if not properly carry out maintenance and maintenance, will not take long to lose the strong power, so battery maintenance is very important.
Battery Maintenance
For a (section) digital camera battery for the duration of use, not just its quality, power on, in fact, the use of operations with the user also has great relevance. Most photographers are used after every use of the camera on the camera bag inside, or on the cupboard, took out the battery is not kept separately, this approach sounds fine, but not conducive to battery protection.
If more than 15 days do not usually use the camera, it is best to remove the battery from the camera inside the store alone, save the environment, it is best to dry and cool place, and do not store the battery together with metal objects.
According to our survey, you can buy in the market most digital cameras use lithium batteries, it is relatively easy to store. The only caveat is that if not used for long, preferably at intervals of 2 months to activate a battery, which is the charge and discharge time, this can effectively extend battery life.
As for the Ni-MH battery 5, the most annoying is the memory effect, this effect will reduce the overall battery capacity and the use of time, and as time goes on, less and less stored charge, the battery will consume the more you have to faster. Therefore, we should try to run out of power rechargeable, each charge must be sufficient to power the most full.
If you go out, the temporary use of alkaline batteries, we must remember that time out, or when unused for long periods, the battery is easy to Tangshui corrosion circuit, the digital camera battery could not escape the destiny scrapped.
For users of alkaline batteries, already mentioned above, remember the point is finished using the digital camera, remove the battery must remember to avoid the phenomenon of cell sap and damage the machine.
As for the use of rechargeable nickel-metal hydride batteries and lithium users. Battery charge is very particular about, bought back the batteries are generally very low or no power consumption, the first charge must be adequate. Lithium battery charging time is generally longer than 8 hours, while the Ni-MH battery charging time is generally more than 16 hours. To achieve best results, that is, the battery has reached its maximum capacity, generally more than 3 times repeated charge-discharge can. Battery with three times, the best opportunity to find a completely exhausted battery to charge again, try not to charge the battery when there are remnants of repeated charge, or will shorten battery life. After the battery charge is generally more heat, it is best to be cool and then into the camera battery.
But note that lithium batteries because there is no memory effect, so do not discharge, otherwise it will damage the digital camera battery structure, loss of battery life.
In addition, in order to avoid the loss of electricity, the use of nickel-metal hydride battery user, charging is completed, remove the battery, do not let the battery contact with the conductor while the positive and negative poles, for example, do not use your fingers touch both ends of the battery. The use of lithium users should try to keep the camera inside the battery positive and negative battery contacts clean, if necessary, wipe with a dry cloth and then gently wipe the battery.
Also note that, even if the user is to use lithium batteries, digital camera in a long time when not in use, should be completely discharged, remove the battery, stored in a dry, cool environment. The other thing to note is that both the nickel-hydrogen batteries or lithium batteries using the user, it is best not to have a charged battery on the purse, pocket, bag or container with metal objects, in order to prevent short-circuit .
Digital camera battery power Dafa:
1, to avoid frequent use of flash: If you are not professional photographers, then, except in the invisible fingers of the night, the light intensity of an ordinary day for the average digital camera, it is enough.
2, try to avoid unnecessary zoom operation: zoom the camera lens stretched it out a reduction, is power digital camera battery. You can move the pace of hyperactivity, with “artificial zoom” approach instead of “camera zoom” to save power.
3, Do not let the screen has been lit: If the case of small power, can turn off the LCD screen, use the viewfinder to adjust the picture composition, is for a digital camera, LCD should be considered the most power-hungry components, general digital camera, LCD screen after closing time can be used when the original length of about 3 times.
4, less shooting and video: minimize the use of multi-shot feature and video capture video, as the completion of these functions is to use the built-in buffer body to temporarily save the screen shot, the power consumption a lot.
5, should not frequently open, shut down: Many users know that the display stays lit is power, so in order to save electricity use to frequent opening and shutdown. In fact, frequently open, shut down the electricity wasted consumption than bright display even more, especially for larger diameter lenses, but also requires a substantial expansion of the camera, the switch is power. Most digital cameras have automatic shutdown option, this setting should not be set too short, otherwise easily lead to frequent opening and shut down. Of course, frequent artificial opening, shut down and should be avoided.
6, optical image stabilization not normally open: Optical image stabilization is by driving the lens or image sensor pack components, offset by the subject matter images and the relative motion between the sensor achieved. Either way the optical image stabilization, would result in no small power consumption, in particular some models can be anti-shake mode is set to “always on” so that power loss will be caused by the more powerful. To this end, we have a good scene in the light should turn off the optical image stabilization feature, you must use, should also be less “always on” mode.
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わかるわかるｗｗｗｗ
大体オタに図星な事書くとダンマリか釣りか？とかいって否定的な事いうんだよなｗｗｗ
極普通の事なのにｗｗｗｗ
それで普通じゃね？みたいな話になるとその釣りか？みたいなのが消えるｗｗ
ほんと非モテばっかりなんだな、ここ。
大馬鹿野郎。お前がは言っているのは只の責任転嫁だ。自分のやったことを自分の親に責任転嫁しているだけだ。
周りに迷惑をかけるような人間で世の中が溢れ返るくらいなら少子化になってくれた方が遥かにマシだよ。
それに、なぜ「責任を負うものは誰か一人でなくちゃいけない」という方向に話を流してるんだ……。
責任についての話をすれば、
どう言い訳したところで、「子供A」を作り育てたのが「親A」であるのなら、「子供A」についての責任が「親A」に発生することは免れない。
そして、たとえ「親A」が「親Aの親」からロクな教育を受けることがなかった為に「親A」は「子供A」をうまく育てられなかったのだとしても、
「子供Aを作ろう」という選択肢を「親A」が自分の責任で選んだのであれば「親A」に発生することに変わりはない。
自分でソレを選んでおきながら、それすらもお前は「親の親」のせいにする気なのか？
だが例外もある。
自分の責任で選ぶことができないような状態で「子供A」を作ってしまった場合などだ。
例えば「親Aの親」から「親A」に「子供を作らないと殺すぞ」と脅された、とかな。
そして最後にもう一度言うが、別に自分は「人格障害・発達障害の子」は後天的な理由でそうなったと決めつけるような事は全くしていないし、そうだと決め付けるつもりもない。
先天的な理由なのか後天的な理由なのか確証が得られないことを、「先天的な理由のせいだ」と決め付けるような真似をするな、という当たり前のことを言っているだけだ。
もう少し、冷静に人の話を聞いてくれ。
その通りで神仏の違いは一応心得ていまして、行ったのはお寺だったので仏様ってしとります。
それなのに初詣に寺をチョイスするの？
3年くらい前に就活して、そこそこ大きな会社に入社したので、その立場から一言書いてみる。
一応、新人との面談とか人事側とも接する機会も多少あるので、極端に的外れじゃないと思います。
演技だらけの面接で... みたいなエントリをよく見かけるので一言。自分を6割以上偽るような面接をしようとしているなら
仮に面接に合格しても採用的には期待した内容と違うわけだし、自分としても期待される内容と違うわけなので就活としては失敗。
誰も得しない結果がおとずれます。
じゃあ、何も考えずに、友達としゃべるような感じで好きなこと喋ればいいかといえば、それも違う。偽らない自分の意味をはき違えてる。
そうではなく、面接官も人間であることを利用して、戦略的に言葉を選ぶ。具体的には、相手が不快にならない程度の丁寧な（あるいは丁寧そうな）喋り方、
自分の言いたいことを主張しやすい話の組み立て、無意味な質問をしないこと、そういうのが大事。
無理にリア充ぶる必要はない。あからさまなため口じゃなくて、聞き取りづらくなければOK。
ちなみに無意味な質問の代表例は残業の有無。なぜなら、採用側が嘘をしゃべるかもしれない以前に、どう回答されても志望側は安心できないだろうし。（ある: 嫌だ, ない:怪しい）
しかも、採用がわからしたら、うんざりな質問だし、志望側も甘えてるとか色眼鏡で見られて良いことないです。
そういまっとうに考えて相手が回答しづらい内容は非公式の場で聞くのがいいです。知り合いを辿って社員と話すとか、人事がいない時の社員との食事会みたいな奴とか。
無意味な質問をしないためには人によって質問する内容を変えるのも重要。
例えば、経営理念とか役員（社長）面接以外で聞いても仕方がない。精々がホームページにあることが聞けるだけで、意味のある情報とならない。（※ あえて聞いて、HPに載ってる程度の情報が社員全体に浸透してるかを測ることは出来るけど、あんまりオススメしない）
昇進制度とかは人事に。具体的な業務内容は現役社員に。会社の理念とか業務目標とかは役員以上に質問するのがベスト。
こういったことを考慮して話をするのは嘘をつくとかそういうレベルじゃなくて、円滑に話をすすめるためのスキル。
みん就とかで情報集めをするのも大事だけど、それをベースにどう自分に有利に交渉の場を組み立てるのか？ と考える。
会社に入ることではなくて、会社に入って何をするか？ どの程度の収入やら生活ができるのか？ というのがゴールだと思うので
それに必要な情報を引き出しつつ、自分を売り込む交渉の場が面接だということを意識するのが大事。
あと、この手のスキルは会社に入ってとても良く使う。自分は営業職じゃないけど、上司に要求を通す時、あるいは問題を報告するとき、
クライアントと打ち合わせする時に非常に重要。（※ちなみに、業務中なら相手の機嫌や報告内容の優先度を考慮したりと、難易度は上がるよｗ）
これがちゃんとできないと、結果出しづらいです。訓練の意味でも面接で経験するのは良いと思います。
最後に、やりたいことと、会社でできることのギャップが少ない会社を選べるように
会社でやりたいことははっきり言ったほうが、不幸にならないです。
もちろん、ギャップがあれば落とされるが、そんな会社に受かるよりマシでしょう。
会社ないしは自分のやりたいことが、元から考えたたのと違うときは、転職する方が良いけど、わざわざ失敗率の高いことを選ぶ必要はないでしょ。
Windows XP ＋ NVIDIA WMI で発生する：ユーザー プロファイルを読み込めませんでしたが、既定のシステム プロファイルを使ってログオンしました
ログインすることはできるがユーザープロファイルの一部が読み込まれていないので、シャットダウン前の作業環境が微妙に復元できていない状態になる。
すれば解決。
理性的に話をしようともせず、いきなり人をゴミムシ呼ばわりする君のほうがよっぽどゴミムシだろう。
こんな当たり前のことは承知の上で言ってる訳で。
その子供がそうなった原因は「先天的なもの」なのか「後天的なもの」なのか分からないのに、それを増田が一方的に「先天的なもの」だと根拠無く決めつけるようなことするから、それは誤りだと当たり前の指摘をしているだけだ。
「子供がそうなったのは私のせいじゃない」と自分に甘えた都合の良い現実ばかりを取り上げるようなことをしていたら子供はまともに育たないよ。
無責任も程々にしろ。
その3歳児がそうなった原因は親でないという前提が正しければね。
「本気になったらボクのほうが強いけど、
たたいたりするのはよくないから次やられたら『やめろよ！』って言うよ」
この歳でこういうこと言える子は特に問題なく育ってくれそうな感じするなあ。
三つ子の魂百までというやつだろうか。
http://www.inter-edu.com/forum/read.php?1202,1096410
こういうの見ていると、必ずしも親が悪いわけじゃないような気がするよ。
これって何の話？
なんで「私がそう思ってるだけ」だと「世間に向けてそれを主張することもできなくなる」の？
なんか触れちゃいけないことに触れてしまったんだろうか。ごめん。
貧しい育ちの人ほど、子供のころ親に虐待されたり冷遇されたり支配されたりしているから、
大人になれてよかったと思っている人が多い。
親の魔の手から逃れる力を得ることが出来て良かったー、みたいな。
親が子供にやさしい場合は、大人になることには何のメリットもない気がする。
してるじゃん。
最近の女は劣化した劣化した言ってるじゃん。
