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はてなキーワード: STeaMとは
Undesirable cameras benefits us many 100 % satisfaction, leading to numerous spectacular images, as well as the hot months is operating relating to dependable summertime. This specific classmate through break free will be able to figure out any tons in addition to waterways, downtown along with far-away beautiful gardening, and yet may these pure attractiveness to become a memento playing hit decrease, apart from skin color boil due to the high-end digicam purpose, a great deal more simple could be to evaluation whatever taking pictures competency as well as having photos. The amount, smaller try to make your work latest many of the summer season harvesting powerful see to it, typically the classmate need to next image have a go through, you become this confidently unexpected wonder.
Digital cameras would bring us lots of enjoyment, leaving a myriad of unique images, and summertime is journeying in wonderful summer season. The classmate throughout the getaway can recognize that reams together with estuaries and rivers, metropolitan and also countryside attractive panoramas, yet take place all these charm being a memento opportunity straight down, together with steam as a result of a camcorder operation, a lot more crucial is usually to examine ones own taking functionality and also taking photographs. That period, the little generate your choice have quite a few summer months firing effective be mindful, the particular classmate may as well within the next snapshot have a shot at, you will get the particular total surprising stun.
Household landscapes
By out of doors firing indoors panoramas, basic will need throughout the Windows 7, out-of-doors mild typically currently have more substantial indoors light-weight, now a couple of challenges ought to be sorted out, is the particular coverage time frame, a couple of it truly is in order to avoid a display reflective, when pics of any camera through hands-on management operate, might take number of years coverage setting up, when photographic camera goes so that you can twit style, can easily will likely be ISO level of sensitivity Surroundings bump up, this ISO 2 hundred or perhaps ISO six hundred aiming.
Inside panorama 's best golf shot employing a tripod, in any other case, wants a spot to guide, one example is in opposition to any divider and entry, and even the true reason for executing it is because very long coverage is quite effortless construct any digital camera protein shake, producing photographs regarding fluffy envision. It's best to utilize the shutter launch, or perhaps utilize to get center-weighted avoiding relocate a video camera. Notice: except if absolutely necessary, tend not to available the particular pen, stay clear of a lot more reflective.
Bring that landscape designs from the probability with the photo may well schedule some individuals or even factors, and this also may help the room inside the operation of your view photos. Get a large surfaces area photos, as an example the veranda as well as the roof top, hillside, for example. Typically inside the mid-day is without a doubt the most suitable time frame filming this landscapes. Filming, having a polarizer to adjust a illumination with the stars, produce the particular heavens develop into dreary quite a few, well known from the glowing blue stars the white kind of fog up, as a way to boost the space or room repeatedly.
Several virtually no guidebook vulnerability management of any camera together with location form, as well as the landscape designs way is completely features on the list of manner, you are able to use landscape designs way to adopt shots. Together with handbook vulnerability restrain photographic camera might opt for aperture goal option that will movie, aperture to help acquired far better pick out F8 to help you photograph or maybe F11, this photo will be extra management concentrations senses.
houses
The particular modify on the urban center is without a doubt switching, specifically together with a lot of approach large establishing intended for symbolize, and also this are at recent many portrait digital photography buffs including firing template.
Yet typical photographic camera through simply how much suitable container distortion, hence as a way to make an effort to reduce the photograph of your deformation belonging to the accumulating " up ", thus you ought to pick around substantial thoughts and opinions filming. One example is inside the steps, or perhaps some other might help the beliefs with area. If you fail to find the correct destination for a reside, you can from the again, clear of the particular lead entity to cut back a distortion. Maybe you've employed the greatest wide-angle standard zoom lens. Vivid stars will be able to replace with a developing with the darkish. Having a polarizer to cut back or perhaps wipe out construction with reflective a glass. In addition to, certainly, consume an excellent know with the can make one of a kind imaginative results.
mineral water
Firing apply or maybe a aerosol in waters, incorporate the use of part mild and also backlight try to make waters intended for introducing see through pattern. Several novices all of coveted by a really "splash with photos, in truth, I am able to effortlessly applied for, so the hurrying h2o glance alot more downy, have got a form of passionate blur. Shutter possibly inside 1/10 so that you can 1/6 erinarians regulate might get move cosmetic perception for splash pics.
Local plumber to be able to sunset taking scenario regarding is usually 15-30 moments, next the stars always possess some colouring failed to ends. As a way to raise the graphic with the amount with subject, can easily on the ending with the passage and also uncover several regarding an individual's special world. It is as well the location where the tripod on has to be, commonly programmed coverage is definitely o . k ., yet you should attempt to utilize hands-on visibility, and also the employment of the particular shutter put out restrain taking, respectively for 2, 5, 8, 12 and also of sixteen secs shutter tempo so that you can capture some photo contrast.
Needless to say now and again continue to are able to use ISO200 to help you photograph, yet so that you can be aware of an electronic camcorder with disturbance handle is normally adequate, when pixels will be overweight, or maybe together with ISO100 contrasting by using base style to help motion picture.
In truth firing night time scenarios, at times to be able to as well do not require that filming with step-by-step developing oh, this streets these kinds of, a small amount convert tips plus aiming design and style, might get the result of experiencing a specialized pattern.
_____________________________________________
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・好んでアニメを見るわけではない(漫画は好きだけど萌え系や少女主役系は見ない)
・ニートではない
・mixiくらいならたまに見てる
・過度な2chネラーでもない(昔はネラーだった)
・でも昔からネット大好きで今はまとめブログ系を閲覧するのが日課
・友人もいる
・コミュ障ってわけでもないしぼっちでもないけどモテるわけでもない
・非童貞
リア充ってわけでもないし、ぼっちとかオタクってわけでもない。
かといって貧乏フリーターでインドア派でネットとパソコン大好きだから普通の一般社会人って感じでもない。
ネットは大好きだけど、最近はネットでもアニメ好きの人が多数占めてるし
どっちつかずの自分はネットじゃ少数派？なんて思うようになってきた。
あえて言うなら、一時期ネトゲやSTEAMゲーにハマってたから
現実でも微妙な立場だけど、ネットでも微妙な立場だなって感じる。
(ネットと言っても広いけど、まとめブログ系ばかり見てるから余計そう思うのかもしれない)
When the diesel generators were gone, the reactor operators switched to emergency battery power. The batteries were designed as one of the backups to the backups, to provide power for cooling the core for 8 hours. And they did.
Within the 8 hours, another power source had to be found and connected to the power plant. The power grid was down due to the earthquake. The diesel generators were destroyed by the tsunami. So mobile diesel generators were trucked in.
This is where things started to go seriously wrong. The external power generators could not be connected to the power plant (the plugs did not fit). So after the batteries ran out, the residual heat could not be carried away any more.
At this point the plant operators begin to follow emergency procedures that are in place for a “loss of cooling event”. It is again a step along the “Depth of Defense” lines. The power to the cooling systems should never have failed completely, but it did, so they “retreat” to the next line of defense. All of this, however shocking it seems to us, is part of the day-to-day training you go through as an operator, right through to managing a core meltdown.
It was at this stage that people started to talk about core meltdown. Because at the end of the day, if cooling cannot be restored, the core will eventually melt (after hours or days), and the last line of defense, the core catcher and third containment, would come into play.
But the goal at this stage was to manage the core while it was heating up, and ensure that the first containment (the Zircaloy tubes that contains the nuclear fuel), as well as the second containment (our pressure cooker) remain intact and operational for as long as possible, to give the engineers time to fix the cooling systems.
Because cooling the core is such a big deal, the reactor has a number of cooling systems, each in multiple versions (the reactor water cleanup system, the decay heat removal, the reactor core isolating cooling, the standby liquid cooling system, and the emergency core cooling system). Which one failed when or did not fail is not clear at this point in time.
So imagine our pressure cooker on the stove, heat on low, but on. The operators use whatever cooling system capacity they have to get rid of as much heat as possible, but the pressure starts building up. The priority now is to maintain integrity of the first containment (keep temperature of the fuel rods below 2200°C), as well as the second containment, the pressure cooker. In order to maintain integrity of the pressure cooker (the second containment), the pressure has to be released from time to time. Because the ability to do that in an emergency is so important, the reactor has 11 pressure release valves. The operators now started venting steam from time to time to control the pressure. The temperature at this stage was about 550°C.
This is when the reports about “radiation leakage” starting coming in. I believe I explained above why venting the steam is theoretically the same as releasing radiation into the environment, but why it was and is not dangerous. The radioactive nitrogen as well as the noble gases do not pose a threat to human health.
At some stage during this venting, the explosion occurred. The explosion took place outside of the third containment (our “last line of defense”), and the reactor building. Remember that the reactor building has no function in keeping the radioactivity contained. It is not entirely clear yet what has happened, but this is the likely scenario: The operators decided to vent the steam from the pressure vessel not directly into the environment, but into the space between the third containment and the reactor building (to give the radioactivity in the steam more time to subside). The problem is that at the high temperatures that the core had reached at this stage, water molecules can “disassociate” into oxygen and hydrogen – an explosive mixture. And it did explode, outside the third containment, damaging the reactor building around. It was that sort of explosion, but inside the pressure vessel (because it was badly designed and not managed properly by the operators) that lead to the explosion of Chernobyl. This was never a risk at Fukushima. The problem of hydrogen-oxygen formation is one of the biggies when you design a power plant (if you are not Soviet, that is), so the reactor is build and operated in a way it cannot happen inside the containment. It happened outside, which was not intended but a possible scenario and OK, because it did not pose a risk for the containment.
So the pressure was under control, as steam was vented. Now, if you keep boiling your pot, the problem is that the water level will keep falling and falling. The core is covered by several meters of water in order to allow for some time to pass (hours, days) before it gets exposed. Once the rods start to be exposed at the top, the exposed parts will reach the critical temperature of 2200 °C after about 45 minutes. This is when the first containment, the Zircaloy tube, would fail.
And this started to happen. The cooling could not be restored before there was some (very limited, but still) damage to the casing of some of the fuel. The nuclear material itself was still intact, but the surrounding Zircaloy shell had started melting. What happened now is that some of the byproducts of the uranium decay – radioactive Cesium and Iodine – started to mix with the steam. The big problem, uranium, was still under control, because the uranium oxide rods were good until 3000 °C. It is confirmed that a very small amount of Cesium and Iodine was measured in the steam that was released into the atmosphere.
It seems this was the “go signal” for a major plan B. The small amounts of Cesium that were measured told the operators that the first containment on one of the rods somewhere was about to give. The Plan A had been to restore one of the regular cooling systems to the core. Why that failed is unclear. One plausible explanation is that the tsunami also took away / polluted all the clean water needed for the regular cooling systems.
The water used in the cooling system is very clean, demineralized (like distilled) water. The reason to use pure water is the above mentioned activation by the neutrons from the Uranium: Pure water does not get activated much, so stays practically radioactive-free. Dirt or salt in the water will absorb the neutrons quicker, becoming more radioactive. This has no effect whatsoever on the core – it does not care what it is cooled by. But it makes life more difficult for the operators and mechanics when they have to deal with activated (i.e. slightly radioactive) water.
But Plan A had failed – cooling systems down or additional clean water unavailable – so Plan B came into effect. This is what it looks like happened:
In order to prevent a core meltdown, the operators started to use sea water to cool the core. I am not quite sure if they flooded our pressure cooker with it (the second containment), or if they flooded the third containment, immersing the pressure cooker. But that is not relevant for us.
The point is that the nuclear fuel has now been cooled down. Because the chain reaction has been stopped a long time ago, there is only very little residual heat being produced now. The large amount of cooling water that has been used is sufficient to take up that heat. Because it is a lot of water, the core does not produce sufficient heat any more to produce any significant pressure. Also, boric acid has been added to the seawater. Boric acid is “liquid control rod”. Whatever decay is still going on, the Boron will capture the neutrons and further speed up the cooling down of the core.
The plant came close to a core meltdown. Here is the worst-case scenario that was avoided: If the seawater could not have been used for treatment, the operators would have continued to vent the water steam to avoid pressure buildup. The third containment would then have been completely sealed to allow the core meltdown to happen without releasing radioactive material. After the meltdown, there would have been a waiting period for the intermediate radioactive materials to decay inside the reactor, and all radioactive particles to settle on a surface inside the containment. The cooling system would have been restored eventually, and the molten core cooled to a manageable temperature. The containment would have been cleaned up on the inside. Then a messy job of removing the molten core from the containment would have begun, packing the (now solid again) fuel bit by bit into transportation containers to be shipped to processing plants. Depending on the damage, the block of the plant would then either be repaired or dismantled.
Now, where does that leave us?
・The plant is safe now and will stay safe.
・Japan is looking at an INES Level 4 Accident: Nuclear accident with local consequences. That is bad for the company that owns the plant, but not for anyone else.
・Some radiation was released when the pressure vessel was vented. All radioactive isotopes from the activated steam have gone (decayed). A very small amount of Cesium was released, as well as Iodine. If you were sitting on top of the plants’ chimney when they were venting, you should probably give up smoking to return to your former life expectancy. The Cesium and Iodine isotopes were carried out to the sea and will never be seen again.
・There was some limited damage to the first containment. That means that some amounts of radioactive Cesium and Iodine will also be released into the cooling water, but no Uranium or other nasty stuff (the Uranium oxide does not “dissolve” in the water). There are facilities for treating the cooling water inside the third containment. The radioactive Cesium and Iodine will be removed there and eventually stored as radioactive waste in terminal storage.
・The seawater used as cooling water will be activated to some degree. Because the control rods are fully inserted, the Uranium chain reaction is not happening. That means the “main” nuclear reaction is not happening, thus not contributing to the activation. The intermediate radioactive materials (Cesium and Iodine) are also almost gone at this stage, because the Uranium decay was stopped a long time ago. This further reduces the activation. The bottom line is that there will be some low level of activation of the seawater, which will also be removed by the treatment facilities.
・The seawater will then be replaced over time with the “normal” cooling water
・The reactor core will then be dismantled and transported to a processing facility, just like during a regular fuel change.
・Fuel rods and the entire plant will be checked for potential damage. This will take about 4-5 years.
・The safety systems on all Japanese plants will be upgraded to withstand a 9.0 earthquake and tsunami (or worse)
・I believe the most significant problem will be a prolonged power shortage. About half of Japan’s nuclear reactors will probably have to be inspected, reducing the nation’s power generating capacity by 15%. This will probably be covered by running gas power plants that are usually only used for peak loads to cover some of the base load as well. That will increase your electricity bill, as well as lead to potential power shortages during peak demand, in Japan.
If you want to stay informed, please forget the usual media outlets and consult the following websites:
http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS_Battle_to_stabilise_earthquake_reactors_1203111.html
http://bravenewclimate.com/2011/03/12/japan-nuclear-earthquake/
http://ansnuclearcafe.org/2011/03/11/media-updates-on-nuclear-power-stations-in-japan/
結論：大丈夫。
MvK2010
I'm going to copy paste a full blog post of a research scientist at MIT here, who explains the situation at Fukushima much better than anyone else has, his message: no worries.
This post is by Dr Josef Oehmen, a research scientist at MIT, in Boston.
He is a PhD Scientist, whose father has extensive experience in Germany’s nuclear industry. I asked him to write this information to my family in Australia, who were being made sick with worry by the media reports coming from Japan. I am republishing it with his permission.
It is a few hours old, so if any information is out of date, blame me for the delay in getting it published.
This is his text in full and unedited. It is very long, so get comfy.
I am writing this text (Mar 12) to give you some peace of mind regarding some of the troubles in Japan, that is the safety of Japan’s nuclear reactors. Up front, the situation is serious, but under control. And this text is long! But you will know more about nuclear power plants after reading it than all journalists on this planet put together.
There was and will *not* be any significant release of radioactivity.
By “significant” I mean a level of radiation of more than what you would receive on – say – a long distance flight, or drinking a glass of beer that comes from certain areas with high levels of natural background radiation.
I have been reading every news release on the incident since the earthquake. There has not been one single (!) report that was accurate and free of errors (and part of that problem is also a weakness in the Japanese crisis communication). By “not free of errors” I do not refer to tendentious anti-nuclear journalism – that is quite normal these days. By “not free of errors” I mean blatant errors regarding physics and natural law, as well as gross misinterpretation of facts, due to an obvious lack of fundamental and basic understanding of the way nuclear reactors are build and operated. I have read a 3 page report on CNN where every single paragraph contained an error.
We will have to cover some fundamentals, before we get into what is going on.
Construction of the Fukushima nuclear power plants
The plants at Fukushima are so called Boiling Water Reactors, or BWR for short. Boiling Water Reactors are similar to a pressure cooker. The nuclear fuel heats water, the water boils and creates steam, the steam then drives turbines that create the electricity, and the steam is then cooled and condensed back to water, and the water send back to be heated by the nuclear fuel. The pressure cooker operates at about 250 °C.
The nuclear fuel is uranium oxide. Uranium oxide is a ceramic with a very high melting point of about 3000 °C. The fuel is manufactured in pellets (think little cylinders the size of Lego bricks). Those pieces are then put into a long tube made of Zircaloy with a melting point of 2200 °C, and sealed tight. The assembly is called a fuel rod. These fuel rods are then put together to form larger packages, and a number of these packages are then put into the reactor. All these packages together are referred to as “the core”.
The Zircaloy casing is the first containment. It separates the radioactive fuel from the rest of the world.
The core is then placed in the “pressure vessels”. That is the pressure cooker we talked about before. The pressure vessels is the second containment. This is one sturdy piece of a pot, designed to safely contain the core for temperatures several hundred °C. That covers the scenarios where cooling can be restored at some point.
The entire “hardware” of the nuclear reactor – the pressure vessel and all pipes, pumps, coolant (water) reserves, are then encased in the third containment. The third containment is a hermetically (air tight) sealed, very thick bubble of the strongest steel. The third containment is designed, built and tested for one single purpose: To contain, indefinitely, a complete core meltdown. For that purpose, a large and thick concrete basin is cast under the pressure vessel (the second containment), which is filled with graphite, all inside the third containment. This is the so-called “core catcher”. If the core melts and the pressure vessel bursts (and eventually melts), it will catch the molten fuel and everything else. It is built in such a way that the nuclear fuel will be spread out, so it can cool down.
This third containment is then surrounded by the reactor building. The reactor building is an outer shell that is supposed to keep the weather out, but nothing in. (this is the part that was damaged in the explosion, but more to that later).
Fundamentals of nuclear reactions
The uranium fuel generates heat by nuclear fission. Big uranium atoms are split into smaller atoms. That generates heat plus neutrons (one of the particles that forms an atom). When the neutron hits another uranium atom, that splits, generating more neutrons and so on. That is called the nuclear chain reaction.
Now, just packing a lot of fuel rods next to each other would quickly lead to overheating and after about 45 minutes to a melting of the fuel rods. It is worth mentioning at this point that the nuclear fuel in a reactor can *never* cause a nuclear explosion the type of a nuclear bomb. Building a nuclear bomb is actually quite difficult (ask Iran). In Chernobyl, the explosion was caused by excessive pressure buildup, hydrogen explosion and rupture of all containments, propelling molten core material into the environment (a “dirty bomb”). Why that did not and will not happen in Japan, further below.
In order to control the nuclear chain reaction, the reactor operators use so-called “moderator rods”. The moderator rods absorb the neutrons and kill the chain reaction instantaneously. A nuclear reactor is built in such a way, that when operating normally, you take out all the moderator rods. The coolant water then takes away the heat (and converts it into steam and electricity) at the same rate as the core produces it. And you have a lot of leeway around the standard operating point of 250°C.
The challenge is that after inserting the rods and stopping the chain reaction, the core still keeps producing heat. The uranium “stopped” the chain reaction. But a number of intermediate radioactive elements are created by the uranium during its fission process, most notably Cesium and Iodine isotopes, i.e. radioactive versions of these elements that will eventually split up into smaller atoms and not be radioactive anymore. Those elements keep decaying and producing heat. Because they are not regenerated any longer from the uranium (the uranium stopped decaying after the moderator rods were put in), they get less and less, and so the core cools down over a matter of days, until those intermediate radioactive elements are used up.
This residual heat is causing the headaches right now.
So the first “type” of radioactive material is the uranium in the fuel rods, plus the intermediate radioactive elements that the uranium splits into, also inside the fuel rod (Cesium and Iodine).
There is a second type of radioactive material created, outside the fuel rods. The big main difference up front: Those radioactive materials have a very short half-life, that means that they decay very fast and split into non-radioactive materials. By fast I mean seconds. So if these radioactive materials are released into the environment, yes, radioactivity was released, but no, it is not dangerous, at all. Why? By the time you spelled “R-A-D-I-O-N-U-C-L-I-D-E”, they will be harmless, because they will have split up into non radioactive elements. Those radioactive elements are N-16, the radioactive isotope (or version) of nitrogen (air). The others are noble gases such as Xenon. But where do they come from? When the uranium splits, it generates a neutron (see above). Most of these neutrons will hit other uranium atoms and keep the nuclear chain reaction going. But some will leave the fuel rod and hit the water molecules, or the air that is in the water. Then, a non-radioactive element can “capture” the neutron. It becomes radioactive. As described above, it will quickly (seconds) get rid again of the neutron to return to its former beautiful self.
This second “type” of radiation is very important when we talk about the radioactivity being released into the environment later on.
I will try to summarize the main facts. The earthquake that hit Japan was 7 times more powerful than the worst earthquake the nuclear power plant was built for (the Richter scale works logarithmically; the difference between the 8.2 that the plants were built for and the 8.9 that happened is 7 times, not 0.7). So the first hooray for Japanese engineering, everything held up.
When the earthquake hit with 8.9, the nuclear reactors all went into automatic shutdown. Within seconds after the earthquake started, the moderator rods had been inserted into the core and nuclear chain reaction of the uranium stopped. Now, the cooling system has to carry away the residual heat. The residual heat load is about 3% of the heat load under normal operating conditions.
The earthquake destroyed the external power supply of the nuclear reactor. That is one of the most serious accidents for a nuclear power plant, and accordingly, a “plant black out” receives a lot of attention when designing backup systems. The power is needed to keep the coolant pumps working. Since the power plant had been shut down, it cannot produce any electricity by itself any more.
Things were going well for an hour. One set of multiple sets of emergency Diesel power generators kicked in and provided the electricity that was needed. Then the Tsunami came, much bigger than people had expected when building the power plant (see above, factor 7). The tsunami took out all multiple sets of backup Diesel generators.
When designing a nuclear power plant, engineers follow a philosophy called “Defense of Depth”. That means that you first build everything to withstand the worst catastrophe you can imagine, and then design the plant in such a way that it can still handle one system failure (that you thought could never happen) after the other. A tsunami taking out all backup power in one swift strike is such a scenario. The last line of defense is putting everything into the third containment (see above), that will keep everything, whatever the mess, moderator rods in our out, core molten or not, inside the reactor.
http://anond.hatelabo.jp/20110314030613
へ続く
海外のゲーム販売サイトに質問メールを送りたいから誰か英作文してくれませんか，
旧帝卒でTOEIC700，英語力は学内でも平均点以上はあったので意味が通じる文章に仕上げたつもりでした．
「おまえの英文しょぼいわ， ここが違う，あれがおかしい，こいつ中卒だろｗｗｗなんぞ，この文法ｗｗｗ」
などと酷い罵声を浴びせられました．
ひょっとして この人たちは俺以上のエリィトで途轍もない英語力の持ち主なのだろうか？
彼らは終始
「誤字，単数形と複数形の違い， 時制と文法」の間違いをあれやこれやと
みんなで指摘するだけでした．
海外のサイトとのやり取りなんだから意味が通じれば十分じゃないですか？
旧帝卒のエリィトが ”ゼロから書き上げた” 既に９０％完成している意味の通じる文章の
時制や文法の間違いを指摘して 得意げになってる奴ってどういうつもりなんですか？
「どや！！
旧帝大卒のエリィトさんの書いた英文の間違いを指摘してやったで！
俺って頭ええやろ！ｗｗｗ」
って主張したいのかな？
すごい感じの悪い奴らだったわ．
もうけっして二度とA欄さんは あんなアホどものために英作文なんかしてやんないんだから．
Today When i try to buy a game on Steam, it said my credit card is invalid.
But I,m pretty sure my credit card is valid.
Because I bought some games on Steam with the credit card Before without any troubles.
Please help, i want to buy more holiday sales.
--------
その仕組みに何か意味ある？
・通報したところで民事で訴えることしかできない。膨大な手間。
だけのような。
そんな仕組み作るくらいなら、業界共同でSteamみたいなプラットフォーム作ってオンラインアクティベーション制にする方がいいと思うよ。少なくとも割れは壊滅できるよ。
まあ、オンラインアクティベーション制で何かいいことあるなら、業界もとっくにやってると思うけどね。ごくわずかとは言えオンラインプレイできないユーザーが離れて、割れ廚はごく一部しか購入に回らず、莫大なプラットフォーム構築運用費の負担がのしかかってくる、といういいことなしだから、やらないって判断じゃないの？
(買)Cryostasis 3.24＄
http://store.steampowered.com/app/7850/
＞もっさり単調だが演出や雰囲気はすごい
＞スタルカー好きにはおすすめ
(買)NecroVision 3.24 これほしかったー！
http://store.steampowered.com/app/7860/
Alien Breedがおもしろそう
セールになったら買う
Multiwiniaといろいろ 5＄
http://store.steampowered.com/app/1510/
Silverfall
http://store.steampowered.com/app/4420/
日本語化だってえー！？
ちくしょー、セール対象外かよー！
でも欲しいー。CoDパック買うくらいならこれ買うー！CoD1と2は日本語版もってるしー。
http://blackmalice.blog29.fc2.com/blog-entry-42.html
↑欲しい↑
～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～
↓・そこまで欲しいわけでもない・↓
NUMEN : Contest of Heroes
http://store.steampowered.com/app/60800/
今月発売のRPGがまさかの77%OFF。
うーん。どうしよかなあ。トーチライトもまだ終わってないんだよね…。
・他の英雄が独自に旅をしているというFable的な世界観が気になる。
http://blackmalice.blog29.fc2.com/blog-entry-39.html
King's Bounty: Gold Edition 9.99 →最終日まで
http://store.steampowered.com/app/3170/
Armored Princessだけ買っとくか？でも体験版が合わなかったんだよなぁ
Call of Duty Pack 29.99 → 最終日に
http://store.steampowered.com/sub/4594/
Chrome + SpecForce Bundle 75% $1.99
SSを思い出したい人向け
+
SF版しょぼいファークライ
+
Chromeは昔パッケで買ったけど、いろいろと残念なゲームだった
安いけどおすすめしない
+
Chrome俺は気に入ったけどな
+
俺は完全にスルー決定したわ
http://seiryu.cside.to/3dfps/Chrome/Chrome-top.html
+
chromeおもしれー
blogを読むときに必要なのは"どうしてだろう？"って考えること。blogを読んで何か納得するのは正しい読み方じゃない。
当該ブログは、部分的に正しいし、部分的に間違っている。特に昔話とコンピュータアーキテクチャの類には多くの異常な主張があるので(意図的かも知れない)、それを探して検証してみるのはとても勉強になると思う。
現場に関する話は、うーん、それほど悲観しないで欲しい。
ただここを読んだ若い人があまりアポロン的になってもいけないので一応警鐘。偉大な先人の多くはゲームを作るために生まれてきた訳じゃないことにもっと関心を持って欲しい。人間を形作るのはゲームづくりだけ？違うよね。
http://blog.livedoor.jp/woopy_doo-game/archives/50938887.html
アドレスレジスタが16bitしか無い様なハードウェアしか存在していませんでしたから（ファミコン、PCエンジン、みんなそうです。メガドラは違いますが)、増加するリソースへの対応が必須でありました。あのアーキテクチャは当時も我々プログラマが提言したのです。
...
呑み会に行ってもハード屋とプログラマは喧嘩ばかりでしたが、バンクアーキテクチャは我々が勝ち取ったものです。事実上無限のメモリ空間を手に入れましたからね。
メモリバンクはゲーム機固有の仕組みじゃない。というわけで、ゲームプログラマが提案したのは多分ゲームシステムにメモリバンク(バンクメモリ? Bank switching?)を導入させたこと、と、読むことにする。
でも、ファミコンを含めた初期のゲーム機、それこそAtari2600でもメモリバンクは実現されていた。これはアーキテクチャがそのように作られていたからではなく、小規模のハードウェア追加でこの仕組みは実現できるからだ。ハードウェアはカートリッジ側に内蔵されていた。ファミコンの音楽に詳しい人ならVRCとかFME、いわゆるマッパーといったチップが内蔵されていたことを知っているだろう。
これらのハードウェアの追加をプログラマが提言したというのは言い過ぎと言える。技術自体は既にあり、採用するのは非常に自然な流れだった。ハードウェアの技術者であっても反対しないだろう。32bitの(アドレスバスを持つ)CPUを導入するのに比べれば、メモリバンクのためのハードウェアはずっと容易に採用できる。
直接的なコピーは彼らにも防げていない。彼らが売っているのはマルチプレイ用のアカウントと考える方がすっきりする。MMORPGと同様に、コピーできないゲーム体験を売るという点では一定の成功を収めている。
何もブラックボックスがないDRMは機能しない。Steamでいえばブラックボックスはゲームサーバであり、PS3とかXbox360で言えばハードウェアそのものがブラックボックスになっている。
Agricola (2007)
Puerto Rico (2002)
Power Grid (2004)
Twilight Struggle (2005)
Through the Ages: A Story of Civilization (2006)
Dominion (2008)
Caylus (2005)
Race for the Galaxy (2007)
Age of Steam (2002)
Brass (2007)
The Princes of Florence (2000)
Commands & Colors: Ancients (2006)
Le Havre (2008)
Hannibal: Rome vs. Carthage (1996)
Paths of Glory (1999)
Battlestar Galactica (2008)
Shogun (2006)
Goa (2004)
Railroad Tycoon (2005)
Die Macher (1986)
Pandemic (2008)
Ra (1999)
1960: The Making of the President (2007)
Imperial (2006)
Combat Commander: Europe (2006)
Twilight Imperium 3rd Edition (2005)
Age of Empires III: The Age of Discovery (2007)
Conflict of Heroes: Awakening the Bear! - Russia 1941-1942 (2008)
Stone Age (2008)
Go (-2000)
http://anond.hatelabo.jp/20090430150642
そうだね。禁止するのは勝手だし、すればいいと思うよ。
本質的に興味ないから。
まあ個人的予想だと今のままの価格と流通形態だとみんな旧来のコンシューマーゲームをしなくなるんじゃないかな。
ゲーム屋行って、数千円払って・・・。んな価値確実に無い。めんどくさすぎる。
そういえば自分はsteamモノは買ってるし、wiiのバーチャルコンソールとか、PlayStation storeではちゃんと買ってるなー。
http://d.hatena.ne.jp/wiseler/20090303/p1
主張：
・マジコン販売禁止では不正コピーはなくなるどころか，より被害は悪化する
・ゲーム業界は「断固たる禁止」ではなく，異なった道を模索すべきである
背景：
・マジコンとは
http://d.hatena.ne.jp/keyword/%a5%de%a5%b8%a5%b3%a5%f3
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B8%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3
平たく言えば，ゲームソフトの不正コピーや，不正コピーしたゲームをプレイすることを可能にするもの
・カジュアルコピーの氾濫
各種雑誌での紹介，口コミなどにより，「タダでゲームが遊べる機械」として一般的に認知され普及
誰でも簡単にマジコンを入手でき，容易に不正コピーされたゲームを取得できた
特に必要となる専門知識が無かったのが普及の最大要因であると考えられる
・法的手段によるマジコン禁止措置
最近では，販売前から任天堂正規のゲームが不正に流通するなど，売上げに深刻な打撃を与えかねないところまできている
それを見かねた任天堂やスクウェアエニックスなどゲーム業界各種は共同で，
マジコンを輸入・販売する業者に輸入販売の差止めを求めて東京地裁に提訴，販売差し止めの判決がなされた
http://www.nintendo.co.jp/corporate/release/2008/080729.html
「ゲーム・プログラムの複製物が、起動可能となるため、（略）極めて大きな損害を被っており」
と示しており，少なくともこの文章から素直にその目的を受け取ると，
マジコンが普及することにより，ゲーム全般の売り上げが損なわれることを阻止したい
ということになる．
では，なぜその手段として，「マジコンの販売差し止め」を選んだのか
結論から言えば，「一番コスト対効果が見込めるから」だと私は考えている
売り上げ被害阻止の方法はいくつか考えられるだろう
・アップロードしているユーザを著作権侵害で訴えるなどして辞めさせる
など
おそらくこれらも並行して行っていくつもりであろうが，
まずは，マジコンの普及を止めることが最も効率がよいと考えたのだと思う
大半の人は技術を持たない．パッケージ化されたもの＝マジコンと不正コピーが用意されて初めてその技術を用いることができる．
マジコンしか方法を知らない人にとっては，マジコンが入手できない＝不正にプレイすることができない，になるからだ
しかしながら，これでめでたしめでたしとはならず，まだ問題は残りつづける
なぜなら，ゲームの不正コピー自体はこれからも存在し続けるからだ
既製品としてのマジコンを奪われたとしても「タダで遊べる」という魅力がある限り
他の方法（エミュレーション，自作マジコン，闇ルートからのマジコン取得）で不正コピーゲームを遊ぶ人はいるだろう
２ それでもマジコン（エミュレーションソフト，マジコン設計図？）を作り，売る人がいる
リーガルリスクがあろうとも，１のような人を対象とした儲けがある限り，闇ルートを確立して売る人は残る
３ だからこそ不正コピーを作成する人がいる
１，２のような不正コピーが求められる環境が整うからこそ，不正コピーは残り，増え続ける
これらの問題は，ハードウェアの改良や法的処置などで改善されることはあっても，
リバースエンジニアリングや不正利用者とのいたちごっこであり，根本の解決はない
結局のところ，ゲームを不正にコピーする輩がいる限り，完全にこの問題を解決することはできない
さらに悪いことを言えば，その被害が確認できないという状況に陥る可能性がある
今までは，マジコン大手が一般のお店でマジコンを販売することが許されていたので，良くも悪くもその状況は理解しやすかったが
闇ルートが横行すると，大手が出所を隠蔽し，出回っている数や性能などが把握できなくなってしまう
そのため，ハードウェアの改良，法的処置というパッチすら当てられない状況になりうる
といって手をこまねくわけにもいかないので，異なる解決策を模索してみよう
先ほどのハードウェア改良などは，いわば強硬策である
この方法ではよほどの画期的な改善が無い限り，いたちごっこに陥る．
では，逆にもっと柔軟な策はないだろうか
先ほどの理由１，２をもう一度見てみよう
なぜ不正なことをしてまで遊びたいかといえば，「タダ」だからである
２ それでもマジコン（エミュレーションソフト，マジコン設計図？）を作り，売る人がいる
１のタダで遊びたい，という心理につけこめるから，儲けることができるのである
強硬策は，マジコン販売禁止などの方策で，無理やり両者を切り離そうとするものである
そうではなく，１にとって魅力的な，代替を示すことで，両者の関係を解消できないか
完璧な技術・法的根拠によって，違反者０となる仕組みを作るのではなく
ある程度ととのった仕組みを作ることで，違反するためにはちょっと手間暇をかけないといけなくして
メリットがあまり感じられなくすることで，ゲーム業界が儲けを確保できる程度に違反者を減らせればいいのではないか
かなり突拍子の無いことを提起しているようだが，順を追って説明する
これが可能な限りやすくなればよく，究極的にはタダになれば最高である
さて一般論として，ものを安くするには，中間のマージンを減らすことがよいことは周知の事実だろう
では，ゲームソフトにおいてそれを実現するにはどうすればよいか
単純に考えれば，メモリーなどの物理的なモノを売るのではなく，デジタルデータのみを，直接販売するのがもっともよいだろう
そこで，ゲーム会社と購入者との購入契約を，任天堂公式のマジコンが承認するという形を取るのはどうだろうか
この契約はDRMのように（例えば）任天堂において一括管理されており，正式利用者にはサービスを提供し，
不正利用者を発見した場合には，ゲームができなくなるなどの処置を施すようにする．
ゲーム業界としては売り上げ動向の把握も容易になり，開発計画も立てやすくなり，ゲーム価格は適正なものになると考えられる
参考までに，同様の取り組みをPCで行っているSteamを紹介させていただく
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam
物理的なものにこだわらない仕組みであれば，体験版も可能であるし，
MMOなどで取られているような，基本無料，拡張課金という提供も可能である．
場合によっては，広告などをうまく活用して無料のゲームも提供できるかもしれない．
あるいは，知り合い間ではゲームデータのコピーを許容してお試し期間内にはタダで遊べる，などできるかもしれない．
ある程度の（ゲーム業界に利益がもたらされるような）制約をもうけながらも提供すること である．
さて，以上が私の主張であるが，ここでは視点を変えて，公式マジコンを用いたアマチュア開発の可能性を示唆する
PCにおいては，ゲーム会社が作成するようなプロのゲームのほかに，一般者が必ずしも営利目的としないアマチュアのゲーム開発がされてきた．
その出来は様々であり，ものによってはプロにも匹敵するようなゲームもあり，ときに，ゲーム会社から正式に販売されることもあるほどである．
これらアマチュアによるゲーム開発は，プロによる「完成度」が求められるゲーム開発のオルタナティブとして重要な役割を果たしており，
荒削りではあるが，未知の可能性を秘めた原石がそこには確かに存在する．
専用ハードで展開されているゲームにおいても，このアマチュア開発の「可能性」を取り込むことはデメリットにはならないはずである．
しかしながら，現状の，非正規なマジコンによるアマチュア開発では，この可能性の発見，原石の掘り出しは難しい．
これら開発は正式に許可されたものではないため，ひそかにやらざるをえず，日の光を得ないからである．
その上，マジコンが販売禁止になったので，これからさらに闇ルートへと隠されていくわけである．
そこで，公式マジコンによる，正式なアマチュア開発への門戸開放である．
門戸開放とは，公式マジコンという技術提供だけではない．一般利用者への開発物提供の場を与えることも含めたものである．
ただし，アマチュアによるゲームをプロによるゲームと同等に売り出すことは意図していないことを注意されたい．
アマチュアが勝手にゲームを販売し始めたら，いわゆるアタリショックなどで知られるようなゲーム自体の質の低下を招きかねない
無法地帯を作るのではなく，ゲーム業界が管理可能な範囲で自由に作ってもらうようにする．
敢えて誤解を恐れず言うと，ニコニコ動画などのような，
アマチュアが作り出したものだと一般利用者が理解してくれることを前提としたアマチュア特区である．
作り出されたものの中から，特に優秀で可能性のあるものに対しては，正規ルートによる販売を促進するのだ．
最後にまとめると，必ずしも法的根拠による厳しい措置は，すべての解決の道とはならず，負の連鎖に陥る可能性がある．
任天堂その他ゲーム開発会社には，より柔軟なシステムづくりによって，利用者にとっても，開発者にとっても利益がもたらされるよう努力を望む．
その可能性として，じゃあ思い切って公式マジコンもありじゃね？と思った次第です．
id:wiselerの日記 http://d.hatena.ne.jp/wiseler/20090303/p1 を見て，伝えたいと思われる意図を自分なりに代弁してみた．
議論の練習ということで，必ずしも私本人がこのようなことを強く切望しているわけではないので誤解しないでもらいたい．
あくまで別の視点として，本論には一切登場させずに論じることで，議論の軸をぶらさないようにしたつもりである．
また，余計な，自分が知りえる知識を出すのではなく，必要性が無い場合は論じなかった．
マジコンの歴史，詳しい仕組みは説明するだけ長文になり，理解の妨げになる．
原文が文章構成として一貫性が欠けるものとなっているのは，主観による言葉を多用しているのに，その主観がいちいちぶれるからである．
具体的には，
「アマチュア開発者にとっての死刑宣告」「アマチュア開発者の封じ込め」
消費者視点
「任天堂にとって良いこと尽くめ→我々消費者が任天堂のような企業利益の視点で考えなければならないのかはなはだ疑問」
主観で書くなら，自分の立場を（少なくともその文単位における主観を）はっきりさせた上で，その主観からぶれないこと．
いろいろな利害をめぐる話を書くなら，客観性をもった言葉に徹すべき．
結局，言いたいことがわからない．
はっきり言わせて貰うが，これは議論云々以前の問題である．
いずれかの立場から，何が問題であると感じており，結論として何を言いたいのか．
「私はマジコンがなくなると，利用者はタダでゲームが出来なくなるので困ると思います．」
あまりに幼稚な主張だが，これは何が言いたいのか明確である．議論も可能だろう．
発言のよしあしではなく，この域にすら達していないことが問題なのだ．
であり，
ので，ご留意を．
ただ，せっかくのコメントですので回答をば，させていただきます．
枠組みとしてはご指摘通り，同じだと思います．
正直に言えば，私もその点を元ネタに対して突っ込みたいくらいです．
とにかく自分で言える範囲の主張としては，もっとオープンにしてみるということです．
質云々はそんな気がしますが，まったくオープンに展開してない状態で，所詮アマチュアは・・・って言えないはずですよね？ってことですね．
少なくとも現状のDSでは，まともなゲームは一律数千円かかるのが現状です．
数百円程度のお手軽価格で簡素なゲームなら，わざわざ違反してまで手に入れなくなると思います．
（DSiはアプリ購入があるとかないとか 時代は変わったと思いますが）
今までの歴史上，オフィシャル以外でまともなのがない，というのはごもっとも．
ただ，繰り返しになって恐縮ですけど，公開の場が無かったのは一つの要因じゃないでしょうか．
近年の利用者が，「モノ」に対する価値を失いつつあるのは，このデジタル社会での宿命でしょうね．
じゃあどうやって，ゲームメーカーは生き残っていくのか．その答えが，
おっしゃるとおりのサービスへの対価を払うというシステムへの移行なのだと私も思います．
exactly そのとおりだと思いますよ．
それを元ネタに対するブックマークでは，「不正コピー撲滅の第一歩」と表現された方がいたのではないかと思います．
（元ネタ側はそうではないと再反論していますが・・・）
ただ，元ネタ側をフォロー？すると，訴訟のときのゲームメーカーのコメントには，法的処置をさらにとっていく，という
強硬な態度を見せていますので，本文のような指摘をさせていただいた，という体です．
マジコン業者はともかくとして，利用者にとってもゲームメーカーにとっても，もうちょっと平和的な解決はないのでしょうかね
長文ゴメンナサイ＆目的の書物じゃなかったかもしれませんね．
ぶっちゃけていえば，「以上，本題」以下が本題のつもりの文章です．
メリットデメリットというのは，メーカーサイドがわざわざアマチュアに門戸を開けることについてでしょうかね．
ここも敢えて誤解を恐れず言えば，ニコニコ動画を経営するニワンゴにおけるメリットデメリットと似たようなものだと思います．
敢えて大手任天堂が危険を顧みないで行うほどのイノベーションではないという話であればそのとおり．
ですが，それは人それぞれの考え方ですので，ね．
大体合ってる
おおお！なんだ!ローソンあるの！
ちとメニュー飽きる危険性があるが。
一般弁当はおいしくないんだけど、STEAM PACKというレンジでチンするだけの蒸し野菜パックがある。
価格はちょいお高めの400円前後なんだが、多分いまメニューが3種類あって、
・ミネストローネ 野菜1日分350g入り（確か280kcalくらい）
・南京栗カボチャスープ？ 野菜1日分350g入り（確か280kcalくらい）
・海老ワンタン春雨 豚骨仕立て 野菜120g入り （186kcalくらい）
ただ、店によっては全然入荷数がないのでがんばるべし。
同じようにレンジでチンするだけでおいしく食べられるおかずが売ってる。
