  |
はてなキーワード: Neighborとは
Bob the First, at the head of my long list of robins, having been killed by my pet owl, I very soon bought another. This one was not so gentle nor so handsome as Bob the First, his wings and his tail having their ends sawed off by contact with the wires of too small a cage.
Fearing that he might be lonely in my aviary with only rabbits, guineapigs, pet rats, and pigeons for company, I bought another robin called Dick. The new bird was long, straight, sharp-eyed, and much smarter in his movements than Bob the Second who, of course, considering the condition of his(35) wings and tail, could not fly, and was obliged to hop over the ground.
It was very amusing to see the two robins stare at each other. Both had probably been trapped young, for at that time the law against the keeping of wild birds in captivity was not enforced, and boys and men were perniciously active in their depredations among our beautiful wild beauties.
Bob the Second was very fond of stuffing himself, and he used to drive the pigeons from the most promising window ledges and partake freely of the food scattered about.
Poor Dick ran about the ground looking for worms, and not finding many, got desperate and flew up to the window ledge.
Bob lowered his head and flew at him with open bill. Dick snapped at him, hopped up to the food, and satisfied his hunger, Bob meanwhile standing at a little distance, a queer, pained thread of sound issuing from between his bill, “Peep, peep, peep!”
A robin is a most untidy bird while eating, and as often as Dick scattered a morsel of food outside the dish, Bob would spring forward and pick it up with a reproving air, as if he were saying, “What an extravagant fellow you are!”
Whenever a new bird enters an aviary, he has to find his place—he is just like a new-comer in a community of human beings. Bob, being alone, was in the lead when Dick came. Dick, having the stronger bird mind, promptly dethroned him. They were(36) very amusing birds. Indeed, I find something clownish and comical about all robins kept in captivity.
The wild bird seems to be more businesslike. The partly domesticated bird, having no anxiety about his food supply, indulges in all sorts of pranks. He is curious and fond of investigation, and runs swiftly at a new object, and as swiftly away from it, if it seems formidable to him.
The arrival of new birds in the aviary always greatly excited Bob, and he hopped about, chirping, strutting, raising his head feathers, and sometimes acting silly with his food, just like a foolish child trying to “show off” before strangers.
When I introduced a purple gallinule to him, Bob flew up into the air, and uttered a shriek of despair. He feared the gallinule, and hated the first Brazil cardinal I possessed, and was always sparring with him. One day I put a second cardinal into the aviary. Bob thought it was his old enemy, and ran full tilt at him. His face of ludicrous dismay as he discovered his mistake and turned away, was too much for me, and I burst out laughing at him. I don’t think he minded being made fun of. He flirted his tail and hopped away.
At one time Bob made up his mind that he would not eat crushed hemp-seed unless I mixed it with bread and milk, and he would throw it all out of his dish unless I made it in the way he liked.
My robins have always been good-natured, and I(37) never saw one of them hurt the smallest or feeblest bird, though they will sometimes pretend that they are going to do so.
When Bob took a sun-bath, any member of the family who happened to be near him would always be convulsed with laughter. He would stretch his legs far apart, stick out his ragged plumage, elevate his head feathers till he looked as if he had a bonnet on, and then half shut his eyes with the most ludicrous expression of robin bliss.
All birds look more or less absurd when taking sun-baths. They seem to have the power to make each feather stand out from its neighbor. I suppose this is done in order that the sun may get to every part of the skin.
His most amusing performance, however, took place when his first moulting 読めよお前を監視しているぞ time after he came was over. One by one his old, mutilated feathers dropped out, and finally new ones took their places. On a memorable day Bob discovered that he had a real tail with a white feather on each side of it, and a pair of good, serviceable wings. He gave a joyful cry, shook his tail as if he would uproot it, then spread his wings and lifted himself in the air. Hopping time was over. He was now a real bird, and he flew from one end of the aviary to the other with an unmistakable expression of robin ecstasy.
Most unfortunately, I had not a chance to study poor Dick’s character as fully as Bob’s, for I only had him a short time. Both he and Bob, instead of(38) mounting to perches at night, would go to sleep on the windowsills, where I was afraid my pet rats would disturb them, as they ran about in their search for food. Therefore, I went into the aviary every evening, and lifted them up to a comfortable place for the night, near the hot-water pipes. I would not put robins in a warm place now. They are hardy birds, and if given a sufficient quantity of nourishing food do not need a warm sleeping-place. If we only had a better food supply I believe we would have many more wild birds with us in winter in the Northern States and Canada than we have now.
Late one evening I went into the aviary to put my robins to bed. I could only find Bob—Dick was nowhere to be seen. My father and mother joined me in the search, and finally we found his poor, lifeless body near the entrance to the rats’ underground nest. His head had been eaten—poor, intelligent Dick; and in gazing at him, and at the abundance of food in the aviary, the fate of the rats was sealed.
I fed my birds hard-boiled egg mashed with bread crumbs, crushed hemp-seed, scalded cornmeal, bread and milk, prepared mockingbird food, soaked ant eggs, all kinds of mush or “porridge,” as we say in Canada, chopped beef, potato and gravy, vegetables cooked and raw, seeds and fruit, an almost incredible amount of green stuff, and many other things—and yet the rats had found it necessary to commit a murder.
(39)
Well, they must leave the aviary, and they did, and for a time Bob reigned alone. I did try to bring up a number of young robins given to me by children who rescued them from cats, or who found them on the ground unable to fly, but for a long time I had very hard luck with them.
Either the birds were diseased or I did not feed them properly. I have a fancy that I half starved them. Bird fanciers whom I consulted told me to be sure and not stuff my robins, for they were greedy birds. As long as I took their advice my young robins died. When I went to my canaries for advice I saw that the parents watched the tiny heads folded like flowers too heavy for their stalks, over the little warm bodies in the nests.
The instant a head was raised the mother or father put a mouthful of warm egg-food in it. The little ones got all they would eat—indeed, the father, with food dripping from his mouth, would coax his nestlings to take just one beakful more. I smiled broadly and began to give my robins all the worms they wanted, and then they lived.
The bringing up of young birds is intensely interesting. I found that one reason why early summer is the favorite time for nest-making is because one has the short nights then. Parents can feed their young quite late in the evening and be up by early daylight to fill the little crops again. Robins are birds that like to sit up late, and are always the last to go to bed in the aviary.
(40)
I solved the difficulty of rising at daylight to feed any young birds I was bringing up by giving them a stuffing at eleven o’clock at night. Then I did not have to rise till nearly eight.
This, of course, was for healthy birds. If I had a sick guineapig, rabbit, or bird, I never hesitated to get up many times during the night, for I have a theory that men and women who cannot or will not undertake the moral responsibility of bringing up children, should at least assist in the rearing of some created thing, if it is only a bird. Otherwise they become egotistical and absorbed in self.
電波女と青春男 Ground Control to Psychoelectric Girl
放課後のプレアデス Wish Upon the Pleiades
いつか天魔の黒ウサギ A Dark Rabbit Has Seven Lives
戦国乙女 Battle Girls: Time Paradox
れでぃ×ばと! Ladies versus Butlers!
裏切りは僕の名前を知っている The Betrayal Knows My Name
ぬらりひょんの孫 Nura: Rise of the Yokai Clan
伝説の勇者の伝説 The Legend of the Legendary Heroes
それでも町は廻っている And Yet the Town Moves
神のみぞ知るセカイ The World God Only Knows
お兄ちゃんのことなんかぜんぜん好きじゃないんだからねっ！！ I Don't Like You at All, Big Brother!!
世界一初恋 The World's Greatest First Love
輪るピングドラム Penguindrum
ダンタリアンの書架 The Mystic Archives of Dantalian
境界線上のホライゾン Horizon in the Middle of Nowhere
未来日記 Future Diary
モーレツ宇宙海賊（パイレーツ） Bodacious Space Pirates
あの夏で待ってる Waiting in the Summer
男子高校生の日常 Daily Lives of High School Boys
パパのいうことを聞きなさい！ Listen to Me, Girls. I Am Your Father!
あっちこっち Place to Place
黄昏乙女×アムネジア Dusk Maiden of Amnesia
人類は衰退しました Humanity Has Declined
恋と選挙とチョコレート Love, Election and Chocolate
はぐれ勇者の鬼畜美学（エステティカ） Aesthetica of a Rogue Hero
だから僕は、Hができない。 So, I Can't Play H!
新世界より From the New World
中二病でも恋がしたい！ Love, Chunibyo & Other Delusions
好きっていいなよ Say I Love You
問題児たちが異世界から来るそうですよ？ Problem Children Are Coming from Another World, Aren't They?
断裁分離のクライムエッジ The Severing Crime Edge
はたらく魔王さま！ The Devil Is a Part-Timer!
やはり俺の青春ラブコメはまちがっている。 My Youth Romantic Comedy Is Wrong, As I Expected
帰宅部活動記録 Chronicles of the Going Home Club
神さまのいない日曜日 Sunday Without God
私がモテないのはどう考えてもお前らが悪い！ No Matter How I Look at It, It's You Guys' Fault I'm Not Popular!
神次元ゲイムネプテューヌ Hyperdimension Neptunia
勇者になれなかった俺はしぶしぶ就職を決意しました。 I Couldn't Become a Hero, So I Reluctantly Decided to Get a Job.
世界でいちばん強くなりたい Wanna Be the Strongest in the World
機巧少女は傷つかない Unbreakable Machine-Doll
最近、妹のようすがちょっとおかしいんだが。 Recently, My Sister Is Unusual
とある飛空士への恋歌 The Pilot's Love Song
未確認で進行形 Engaged to the Unidentified
世界征服 謀略のズヴィズダー World Conquest Zvezda Plot
僕らはみんな河合荘 The Kawai Complex Guide to Manors and Hostel Behavior
聖刻の竜騎士（ドラグナー） Dragonar Academy
それでも世界は美しい The World Is Still Beautiful
彼女がフラグをおられたら If Her Flag Breaks
マンガ家さんとアシスタントさんと The Comic Artist and His Assistants
ご注文はうさぎですか？ Is the Order a Rabbit?
魔法科高校の劣等生 The Irregular at Magic High School
龍ヶ嬢七々々の埋蔵金 Nanana's Buried Treasure
精霊使いの剣舞（ブレイドダンス） Bladedance of Elementalers
曇天に笑う Laughing Under the Clouds
失われた未来を求めて In Search of the Lost Future
オオカミ少女と黒王子 Wolf Girl and Black Prince
天体のメソッド Celestial Method
異能バトルは日常系のなかで When Supernatural Battles Became Commonplace
大図書館の羊飼い A Good Librarian Like a Good Shepherd
俺、ツインテールになります。 Gonna be the Twin-Tail!!
魔弾の王と戦姫（ヴァナディース） Lord Marksman and Vanadis
美男高校地球防衛部LOVE! Cute High Earth Defense Club Love!
自分が機械学習に詳しいかどうかはわかりませんが，わかる範囲で書きます．
を実現する事が目的だと考えて話を進めましょう．
一般的にこのタスクは類似文書検索と呼ばれています．ブックマークコメントでは「ElasticSearchを使え」と言われています．ElasticSearch の More Like This Query 機能を使うことで類似文書検索が実現できるようです．あとはパラメータを調整することで思い通りの結果が得られるのではないでしょうか．
より高度なアプローチを取るのであれば，BERT と呼ばれるニューラルネットワークモデルを活用した類似文書検索も可能です．こちらのブログ (ElasticsearchとBERTを組み合わせて類似文書検索 - Ahogrammer) が参考になるでしょう．
しかしこれだけで終わると悲しいのでもう少し機械学習の話をすることにします．
機械学習的にこの問題に取り組むには順序学習 Learning to Rank という問題を解く必要があります．順序学習は google 検索にも使われている機能です．
これは，「入力 x に対して N 個の候補 y_1, y_2, ..., y_N を類似している順に並び替えるようなスコアを出力する関数 f(x, y_i) を学習する」というものです．
More Like This Query 機能よりもこちらのアプローチが優れているのは，前者はどうパラメータをチューニングしようと「類似している文書」しか得られないのに対して，後者は(先程引用したような)「見合った」を明示的にデータとして与えてランキングを学習できる，という点です．
学習データとして「この質問のに対してこの FAQ ページがもっとも見合っている」「この質問に対して A と B ふたつの FAQ ページがあるが，B より A の方が見合っている」「この質問に対して見合った順に全ての FAQ ページを並び替えたもの」といったデータを大量に準備することで，「見合った」を学習することが可能です．
しかしこちらも ElasticSearch の機能に搭載されているようです．ありがとう ElasticSearch．お疲れ様でした．
もしあなたが ElasticSearch を使うのではなく， Python を使って再実装したいと考えているのであれば，目印として必要なライブラリや概念を書いておきます．
