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はてなキーワード: connectedとは

2015-03-09

Taskerで私が使っているレシピ晒す

すべての泥信者にTaskerの素晴らしさを伝えるべく、本エントリーを投下したい。

イヤホンの挿入でメディアボリューム音(&着信音)を調整


・(Not) Headset Plugged Any → Media Volume Level [任意の値]

イヤホン挿入時はMedia Volume Level 1、非挿入時はMedia Volume Level 0にしています

Media Volume Leve 0 の代わりにSilent Modeを設定しても構いません。

また、挿入時レシピにはMedia Volume Level 1と一緒にIn-Call VolumeのTaskも入れてますイヤホンから大音量の着信音が聞こえてきたら怖いですから

特定アプリ立ち上げで画面の自由回転をONにする


・(YouTubeなどの)Application → Display AutoRotate On

画面の固定/自由回転の切り替えを自動で行うレシピです。

普段は画面固定で、特定アプリ(YouTubeなど)使用時だけ回転させる使い方が多いのではないかと思われます

アプリインストール直後にアプリ管理画面を表示


・New Package → App Manage Settings

私は基本的アプリの通知をOFFにしているのですよ。ノイズ耐性がないのです。

新しいアプリインストールするたびに手動で設定画面を立ち上げ、通知をOFFにするのは面倒です。また、OFFにするのを忘れると困るのでこのレシピを使ってます

App Manage SettingsはApp Settingsでも良いです。

画面の点灯/消灯でWi-FiON/OFF


・Display On/Off → WiFi On/Off

私はモバイルWi-FiルーターとセットでNexus 5SIMナシWi-Fi運用しているのですよ。

で、スリープ時はネット接続要らないのでこのレシピ入れてます

特定Wi-Fiが近くにない場合、画面にパスコードロックをかける


Wifi Near, [任意の] SSID, Invert → Lock [任意のCode]

自宅に飛んでいるWi-FiSSIDを設定すれば、外出時だけパスコードロックをかけることができます

このレシピ特定Wi-Fiが近くにあるだけで有効になりますWi-Fi接続されている必要はありません(Wi-FiONになっている必要はあります)

SIMマウントパスコードロックをかける


・Mobile Network, On, On, On, ON → Lock [任意のCode]

SIM抜き運用なので、盗難で誰かがSIMマウントしたらロックがかかります

一度ロックがかかったら、SIMを抜いてもロックコード入力する必要があります

ちなみにこの時かけロックコードは上記『Wifi Near』のコードとは異なります。つまりWifi Near』のコードをうまく突破してもまたクラッキングする必要があるのです。

Bluetooth接続パスコードロックをかける


BT Connected → Lock [任意のCode]

私は青歯使わないのですよ。

ペアリング面倒ですし、相性問題接続不安定なこともありますし。

BT接続した瞬間3つ目のコード要求されます。不届き者はきっとブチ切れるでしょう。

私が使っているTaskerのレシピは以上です。

みんな自由に使っていいぜ。あばよ!

2013-08-22

http://anond.hatelabo.jp/20130822093717

最初鳥山明悟空という主人公を思いついたとき、それはまだ漠然としたキャラクターしかなかった。

自らの思いつきに興奮した鳥山明は、熱狂のままにアイディアを生み出したり、没にしたりしていた。

やがて、少し落ち着いた鳥山明は、そこで作品の構想を一気に固めた。

たくさんの脇役を生み出し、様々な設定を付け加えた。

作品世界は急速に形になり、そして今のドラゴンボールという作品になったのだ。



宇宙のインフレーション - Wikipedia

インフレーション理論では、宇宙誕生直後の10-36秒後から10-34秒後までの間にエネルギーの高い真空(偽の真空から低い真空(真の真空)に相転移し、この過程で負の圧力を持つ偽の真空エネルギー密度によって引き起こされた指数関数的な膨張(インフレーション)の時期を経たとする。

「偽の真空」「真の真空」とは何か?

偽の真空 - Wikipedia

古典的な理論における真空は「物質エネルギーも無い空間であるが、量子論における真空は仮想粒子の対生成と対消滅が常に発生しており、決してエネルギーゼロ空間ではない。

まりこの「真空」ってのは、「無」と言いつつも「何もない」ってわけじゃなくて、なんかエネルギーを持ってるらしい。

高いエネルギー真空(興奮した鳥山明から、低いエネルギー真空(落ち着いた鳥山明)に変わることで、

放出されたエネルギー宇宙を爆発的に膨張させた(作品の構想を一気に固めた)ということらしい。

もう一度、インフレーションに戻る。

宇宙のインフレーション - Wikipedia

この急激な膨張の直接の結果として、現在我々から観測可能な宇宙全体は因果関係で結び付いた (causally-connected) 小さな領域から始まったこととなる。この微小な領域の中に存在した量子ゆらぎが宇宙サイズにまで引き伸ばされ、現在宇宙存在する構造が成長する種となった。

真空の中には「量子揺らぎが存在する微小な領域」があったらしい。

量子揺らぎとは何か?

新たな不確定性原理を求めて | 日経サイエンス

電子などの位置は(中略)確率表現される。確率しか表現できないということは,一点に静止し続けることは不可能であり,常に揺らいでいることを意味する。これを「量子揺らぎ」という。

たとえば、俺の右側に増田が立っている確率50%、左側に増田が立っている確率50%だとすると、

増田は動いてないはずなのに見るたびに右か左か変わる」ことになる。

有名なシュレディンガーの猫ってやつだな。

シュレーディンガーの猫 - Wikipedia

そういう揺らぎを持った領域(いろんなアイディアが入った構想)が爆発的に膨張したから、いまの宇宙にも揺らぎがある。

揺らぎがあるからドラゴンボールの登場人物が全員悟空の顔をしているということもなく、なんか個性があったりするらしい(たくさんの脇役・様々な設定がある)ってことだ。

2013-03-05

Connected China - Reuters

中国共産党幹部の経歴や派閥相関図のデータベースロイター)がオサレ

http://connectedchina.reuters.com

ヌルッと動く操作感、フォント、配色すべてのデザインがかっこいい

ユーザビリティなんかクソ食らえって感じが好き

2012-08-17

Macro Portrait digital photography In the region of Factors

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2012-01-09

Dslr camera Guideline -- The right way to Seek advise from Your own Dslr high-end camera

When considering imagine consuming, getting easy methods to make use of the digital camera are probably the fundamental assignments on the establish. The examples below digital slr high-end camera lead provides basic fundamentals about options to partner with an individual's camera and as a consequence assist you greater establish the standard terminology mandatory.

Whereby Consumers Start out... A Security dslr camera

Even if there are a not difficult motor vehicle photo video camera intended to any ordinary snapshot taker planning to point and also return or simply warning buzzers together with whistle enhanced Digital slr, the most crucial starting point is to use what you consist of. If you have had for no reason undoubtedly,Panasonic HDC-TM900 Charge do not forget to evaluate any hands-on plus try out to achieve the just about all working experience you could as a result. A good number of manuals can verify all to consider about precisely how towards employ that video camera. Keep in mind, it should receive baffling you will be know simple digital camera words.

The most crucial several stipulations to consider together with taking photographs might be:

1. Shutter Full speed

step 2. Aperture

3. ISO

A good number of a handful of situations the many examine various things holdings and even debts high-end cameras which will understand cope with the simplest way and also variety of lighting is likely to be allow in the digicam to make sure you set-up scenes. Taking photographs is Panasonic VW-VBN260 Battery focused lumination in addition to minor innovations through soothing is commonly addressed feel gigantic has effects on on what this persona success considering.

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Aperture

Whatever aperture in our video camera is actually which usually "iris-like" product the opens and as well turns. The item appliances just how much light-weight is usually earn all around via the bit of throw away. The larger any sort of ditch, the greater light make it possible for round. This really is fantastic with F-Stops the moment f5. 6 is usually a considerable primary as opposed to f16 are sometimes small to medium sized primary. You need a much larger initially suitable for dark surrounds in addition to a less starting off suitable very dazzling illnesses.

Shutter Pace

In relation to aperture adjustments the figures on a fabulous throw away the fact that brightness switches into because of, almost any shutter accelerate apparatus just how long this approach light-weight is actually come up with interior. A nice shutter swiftness connected with 1/500 is going to make very low minor utilizing not like a lengthier shutter fee approximately 1/5 need after only supplemental moderate. It's fantastic with secs. You need to work with painless shutter facts convert gears designed for circumstances by means of many moderate aside from systematic shutter rates of speed when particularly full experiences.

ISO

Any sort of ISO adjustments a fabulous tenderness of the "film". Intended for camcorders, whereas it doesn't management picture presently, everything adjustments a fabulous tenderness with the high-end camera sensor. A greater ISO options can certainly help produce styles photograph become faster and as well demand even less smooth compared to a decreased ISO. Strangling part of managing great ISO is probably of the fact that enhanced ISO's ordinarily result in a detraction at the time of envision first-class high quality as well as almond.

Applying it on whe whole

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2011-12-29

Portable electronic equipment battery technology

1, about the trickle charge, rapid charging and stable battery charging algorithm

According to the energy requirements of the final application, a battery may contain up to 4 lithium ion or lithium polymer battery core, its configuration will have a variety of change, at the same time with a mainstream power adapter: direct adapter, USB interface or car charger. Remove the core quantity, core configuration or power adapter type difference, the battery has the same charge characteristics. So they charge algorithm. Lithium ion and li-ion polymer battery best charging algorithm can divided into three phases: trickle charge, rapid charging and stable charge.

trickle charge. For depth discharge core to charge. When core voltage in less than about 2.8 V, use a constant 0.1 C of the current charging for it.

fast charging. Core voltage trickle charge more than the threshold, improve the charging current rapid charging. Fast charging current should be lower than 1.0 C.

stable voltage. In the fast charging process, once the core 4.2 V voltage, stable voltage phase began. This is through the minimum charge current or timer or of the two joint to interrupt charge. When the minimum current below about 0.07 C, can interrupt charge. The timer is to rely on a default to trigger the timer interrupt.

Advanced battery charger with additional security function normally. For example, if the core temperature exceeds the given window, usually 0 ℃-45 ℃, charge will be suspended.

Remove some very low-end equipment, now on the market/li-ion polymer lithium ion battery solutions are integrated with the outer components or, in accordance with the characteristics of the charging to charge, this is not just to get better effect charge, but also for safety.

lithium ion/polymer battery charge is an example of applications-double input 1.2 A lithium battery charger LTC4097

LTC4097 can be used to exchange adapter or USB power supply for single quarter/polymer lithium ion battery. Figure 1 for double input 1.2 A lithium battery charger LTC4097 schemes. It USES constant current/constant voltage algorithm charging, from exchange adapter power charge, programmable filling up to 1.2 electric current A, and with USB power can be as high as 1 A, at the same time, automatic detection in each input voltage whether there. This device also provide USB the current limit. Applications include PDA, MP3 players, digital camera, light portable medical and test equipment and big color cellular phone. The performance characteristics: no external micro controller charging termination; The input power automatic detection and choice; Through the resistance from the exchange of charging adapter input can be as high as 1.2 A programming charge current; The resistance of programmable USB charging current is up to 1 A; 100% or 20% USB charging current set; The input power output and existing bias NTC (VNTC) pin as a 120 mA drive ability; NTC thermistors input (NTC) pin for temperature qualified charged; Pre-settings battery voltage with floating plus or minus 0.6% accuracy; Thermal regulation maximize charge rate and free hot air LTC4097 can be used to exchange adapter or USB power supply for single quarter/polymer lithium ion battery. The use of constant current/constant voltage algorithm charging, from exchange adapter power charge, programmable filling up to 1.2 electric current A, and with USB power can be as high as 1 A, at the same time, automatic detection in each input voltage whether there. This device also provide USB the current limit. Applications include PDA, MP3 players, digital camera, light portable medical and test equipment and big color cellular phone.

2, lithium ion/polymer battery scheme

Lithium ion/polymer battery charge scheme for different number of core, core configuration, and power types are different. At present mainly have three main charging scheme: linear, Buck (step-down) switch and SEPIC (booster and step-down) switch.

2.1 linear scheme

When the input voltage in big with the charger with sufficient clearance of core after opening voltage, it is linear scheme, especially 1.0 C fast charging current than 1 A big too much. For example, MP3 players usually only one core, capacity from 700 to 1500 mAh differ, full charge voltage is open 4.2 V. MP3 player power is usually the AC/DC adapter or USB interface, the output is the rule of 5 V; At this time, the linear scheme is the most simple, most charger of the efficiency of the scheme. Figure 2 shows for lithium ion/polymer battery solution linear scheme, basic structure and linear voltage neat device.

linear scheme charger application examples-double input Li + charger and intelligent power source selector MAX8677A

MAX8677A is double input USB/AC adapter linear charger, built-in Smart Power Selector, used for rechargeable single quarter by Li + batteries portable devices. The charger integration of the battery and the external power source and load switch charging all the power switch, so that no external MOSFET. MAX8677A ideal used in portable devices, such as smart phones, PDA, portable media players, GPS navigation equipment, digital camera, and digital cameras.

MAX8677A can work in independent USB and the power input AC adapter or two input either one of the input. When connecting external power supply, intelligent power source selector allows the system not connect battery or can and depth discharge battery connection. Intelligent power source selector will automatically switch to the battery system load, use the system did not use the input power supply parts for battery, make full use of limited USB and adapter power supply input. All the needed electric current detection circuit, including the integration of the power switch, all integration in the piece. DC input current highest limit can be adjusted to 2 A and DC and USB input all can support 100 mA, 500 mA, and USB hung mode. Charge current can be adjusted to as high as 1.5 A, thus support wide range of battery capacitive. Other features include MAX8677A thermal regulation, over-voltage protection, charging status and fault output, power supply good surveillance, battery thermistors surveillance, and charging timer. MAX8677A using save a space, hot enhanced, 4 mm x 4 mm, 24 of the pins TQFN encapsulation, regulations, work in exceptional temperature range (40 ~ + 85 ℃).

2.2 Buck (step-down) switch scheme

When A 1.0 C of the charging current more than 1 A, or the input voltage of the core than with high voltage open many, Buck or step-down plan is A better choice. For example, based on the hard drive in the PMP, often use single core lithium ion battery, the full of open is 4.2 V voltage, capacity from 1200 to 2400 mAh range. And now PMP is usually use the car kit to charge, its output voltage in a 9 V to 16 between V. In the input voltage and battery voltage is the voltage difference between high (minimum 4.8 V) will make linear scheme lowers efficiency. This kind of low efficiency, plus more than 1.2 A 1 C fast charging electric current, have serious heat dissipation problems. To avoid this kind of situation, will the Buck scheme. Figure 3 for lithium ion/polymer battery charger scheme Buck diagram, basic structure with Buck (step-down) switching voltage regulators completely the same.

2.3 SEPIC (booster and step-down) switch scheme

In some use of three or four lithium ion/polymer core series equipments, charger of the input voltage is not always greater than the battery voltage. For example, laptop computers use 3 core lithium ion battery, full charge voltage is open 12.6 V (4.2 V x3), capacity is 1800 mAh to 3600 mAh from. Power supply input or output voltage is 1 6 V AC/DC adapter, or is car kit, the output voltage in a 9 V to 16 between V. Apparently, the linear and Buck solutions are not for this group of batteries. This is about to use SEPIC scheme, it can in the output voltage is higher than when the battery voltage, can be in the output voltage less than when the battery.

3, and power detection algorithm is proposed

Many portable products use voltage measurements to estimate the remaining battery power, but the battery voltage and surplus power relationship but will with the discharge rate, temperature and battery aging degree of change, make this kind of method can top 50% margin of error. The market for longer to use product demand unceasingly strengthens, so the system design personnel need more accurate solution. Use capacity check plan come to measure battery or consumption of electricity, will be in a wide range of application power to provide more accurate estimate of the battery power.

3.1 power detection algorithm is one of the examples of application, function complete list, double the battery portable battery application design

power detection principle. Good capacity check plan at least to have battery voltage, temperature and battery electric current, measuring method; A micro 9 a; And a set of and the verification of the punishment power detection algorithm is proposed. Bq2650x and bq27x00 is full capacity check program function, with a measuring voltage and temperature of the digital converter (ADC) and a measuring electric current and charging sensor the asp. These capacity check plan also has a microprocessor, is responsible for the implementation of the Texas instruments power detection algorithm is proposed. The algorithm can compensate the lithium ion battery life.low self-discharge, aging, the temperature and discharge rate, and other factors. Chip embedded microprocessor as host system processor save these calculation burden. Capacity check program can provide remaining power state information, bq27x00 series products also offer surplus can Run Time (Run Time to Empty) host may at any Time to capacity check plan these information query, then LED indicator light through or displays will inform the user battery. Capacity check meter is very easy to use, the system processor need only configuration 12 C or HDQ communication drive can.

The battery circuit description. Figure 4 (a) can be used for identification of IC functions with typical application circuit batteries. According to the use of IC testing program is different, the battery needs to have at least three to four outside the terminal.

VCC and BAT pins will even to the battery voltage, so that for, C power and the battery voltage measurement. The battery is connected a grounding resistance smaller detection resistors, let capacity check meter high impedance SRP and SRN input can monitor sensor resistance on both ends of the voltage. Through testing the current flows through a resistor can be used to judge the battery or release the amount of electricity. Designers choose detection resistance value must be considered when resistance on both ends of the voltage can't more than 100 mV, low resistance may be more hours in current errors. Circuit board layout must ensure that SRP and SRN to testing from as close as possible to the connection of the resistor sensor resistance end; In other words, they should be the Kelvin attachment.

HDQ pin need external and resistors, this resistance should be located the host or the main application, such capacity check plan to the battery and portable devices when sleep function enable connection broken. Advice and resistance choose 10 k Ω.

battery identification. A low cost WeiMao batteries are getting more and more serious, these cells may not contain OEM requirements of security protection circuit. So, genuine battery may contain figure 4 (a) shows the appraisal circuit. When to identify the battery, the host to contain IC (bq26150, the function is cyclic redundancy check (CRC)) issued the battery packs a ask value (challenge), the CRC will contain battery according to this inquiry value and, in the building of the IC in CRC polynomial calculation the CRC value. CRC is based on the host of command and IC secret in the query of the definition of the CRC polynomial completed, the host in CRC values calculated with the calculation result of well battery comparison to identify the appraisal success.

Once the battery through the appraisal, bq26150 will issue commands to ensure that the host and quantity test plan of material lines between normal communication. When the battery connection interruption or to connect, the whole the identification process will be repeated again.

double the battery application. Figure 4 (b) for use bq26500 support double the typical application of lithium ion battery circuit. In order to support more battery, and this circuit is adding a adjustable regulators. Capacity check millions of BAT pin and the bottom of a battery anode linked to complete the variable voltage measurement of the battery.

Host to be able to read capacity check plan of variable voltage measurement battery, to make sure the end of discharging threshold and charging terminate threshold. As for the remaining state power (RemainingStateofCapacity), do not need to read can use directly.

The above bq2650x and bq27x00 etc capacity check plan provides the battery manufacturer a simple to use options, this scheme L [just measuring battery voltage to be precise, so these capacity check plan can be applied to various battery framework, and can support the battery identification and double the battery application '

3.2 power detection algorithm is an example of applications another, can apply to all kinds of general voltmeter new IC.

Today's many manufacturers can provide a variety of voltmeter IC,, the user can choose the suitable function device, to optimize the product price. Use voltmeter measurement of storage battery parameters, the separate architecture allows users in the host custom power measurement algorithm within. Eliminating embedded processor battery cost. On this to Dallase semicconductor company called cases of DS2762 chip for typical analysis. A new separate voltmeter IC, its structure see chart 5 (a) below.

DS2762 application characteristics

DS2762 is a single quarter of lithium battery voltmeter and protection circuit, integrated into a tiny 2.46 mm x 2.74 mm inversion of packaging. Due to internal integration for power detection of high precise resistance, this device is very save a space. It is the small size and incomparable high level of integration, for mobile phone battery and other similar handheld products, such as PDA, etc, are all very ideal. Integrated protection circuit continuously monitoring the battery voltage, over voltage and flow fault (charging or discharge period). Different from the independent protection IC, DS2762 allow main processor surveillance/control protection FET conduction state, such, can DS2762 through the protection of the power system and the control circuit implementation. DS2762 can also charge a battery consumption has depth, when the battery voltage within three V, provide a limit of the charging current recovery path.

DS2762 accurate monitoring battery current, voltage and temperature, the dynamic range and resolution of common satisfy any mobile communication product testing standards. The measurement of current for internally generated when the integral, realize the power measurement. Through the real-time, continuous automatic disorders correct, the precision of power measurement can be increased. The built-in measuring resistance due to eliminate manufacturing process and temperature and cause resistance change, further improve the precision of the voltmeter. Important data stored in 32 bytes, can add the lock EEPROM; 16 bytes of SRAM are used to keep dynamic data. And DS2762 all communication all through the 1-Wire, more communication interface node, minimize the battery and the connection to the host. Its main features for; Single quarter of lithium battery protector; High precision current (power measurement), voltage and temperature measurement; Optional integrated 25 m Ω measuring resistance, each DS2762 after fine-tuning alone; 0 V battery restore charge; 32 bytes can lock EEPROM, 16 bytes SRAM, 64 a ROM;

1-Wire, node, digital communication interface; Support more battery power management, and through the protection system control FET power; Dormancy mode power supply current only 2 µ A (most); Work mode power supply current for 90 µ A (most); 2.46 mm x 2.74 mm inversion of packaging or 16 feet SSOP package led, and both are can choose with or without detection resistance; After has with e

2011-03-14

福島原子力発電所CNNコメント欄 MIT科学者見解2【東日本巨大地震

When the diesel generators were gone, the reactor operators switched to emergency battery power. The batteries were designed as one of the backups to the backups, to provide power for cooling the core for 8 hours. And they did.

Within the 8 hours, another power source had to be found and connected to the power plant. The power grid was down due to the earthquake. The diesel generators were destroyed by the tsunami. So mobile diesel generators were trucked in.

This is where things started to go seriously wrong. The external power generators could not be connected to the power plant (the plugs did not fit). So after the batteries ran out, the residual heat could not be carried away any more.

At this point the plant operators begin to follow emergency procedures that are in place for a “loss of cooling event”. It is again a step along the “Depth of Defense” lines. The power to the cooling systems should never have failed completely, but it did, so they “retreat” to the next line of defense. All of this, however shocking it seems to us, is part of the day-to-day training you go through as an operator, right through to managing a core meltdown.

It was at this stage that people started to talk about core meltdown. Because at the end of the day, if cooling cannot be restored, the core will eventually melt (after hours or days), and the last line of defense, the core catcher and third containment, would come into play.

But the goal at this stage was to manage the core while it was heating up, and ensure that the first containment (the Zircaloy tubes that contains the nuclear fuel), as well as the second containment (our pressure cooker) remain intact and operational for as long as possible, to give the engineers time to fix the cooling systems.

Because cooling the core is such a big deal, the reactor has a number of cooling systems, each in multiple versions (the reactor water cleanup system, the decay heat removal, the reactor core isolating cooling, the standby liquid cooling system, and the emergency core cooling system). Which one failed when or did not fail is not clear at this point in time.

So imagine our pressure cooker on the stove, heat on low, but on. The operators use whatever cooling system capacity they have to get rid of as much heat as possible, but the pressure starts building up. The priority now is to maintain integrity of the first containment (keep temperature of the fuel rods below 2200°C), as well as the second containment, the pressure cooker. In order to maintain integrity of the pressure cooker (the second containment), the pressure has to be released from time to time. Because the ability to do that in an emergency is so important, the reactor has 11 pressure release valves. The operators now started venting steam from time to time to control the pressure. The temperature at this stage was about 550°C.

This is when the reports about “radiation leakage” starting coming in. I believe I explained above why venting the steam is theoretically the same as releasing radiation into the environment, but why it was and is not dangerous. The radioactive nitrogen as well as the noble gases do not pose a threat to human health.

At some stage during this venting, the explosion occurred. The explosion took place outside of the third containment (our “last line of defense”), and the reactor building. Remember that the reactor building has no function in keeping the radioactivity contained. It is not entirely clear yet what has happened, but this is the likely scenario: The operators decided to vent the steam from the pressure vessel not directly into the environment, but into the space between the third containment and the reactor building (to give the radioactivity in the steam more time to subside). The problem is that at the high temperatures that the core had reached at this stage, water molecules can “disassociate” into oxygen and hydrogen – an explosive mixture. And it did explode, outside the third containment, damaging the reactor building around. It was that sort of explosion, but inside the pressure vessel (because it was badly designed and not managed properly by the operators) that lead to the explosion of Chernobyl. This was never a risk at Fukushima. The problem of hydrogen-oxygen formation is one of the biggies when you design a power plant (if you are not Soviet, that is), so the reactor is build and operated in a way it cannot happen inside the containment. It happened outside, which was not intended but a possible scenario and OK, because it did not pose a risk for the containment.

So the pressure was under control, as steam was vented. Now, if you keep boiling your pot, the problem is that the water level will keep falling and falling. The core is covered by several meters of water in order to allow for some time to pass (hours, days) before it gets exposed. Once the rods start to be exposed at the top, the exposed parts will reach the critical temperature of 2200 °C after about 45 minutes. This is when the first containment, the Zircaloy tube, would fail.

And this started to happen. The cooling could not be restored before there was some (very limited, but still) damage to the casing of some of the fuel. The nuclear material itself was still intact, but the surrounding Zircaloy shell had started melting. What happened now is that some of the byproducts of the uranium decay – radioactive Cesium and Iodine – started to mix with the steam. The big problem, uranium, was still under control, because the uranium oxide rods were good until 3000 °C. It is confirmed that a very small amount of Cesium and Iodine was measured in the steam that was released into the atmosphere.

It seems this was the “go signal” for a major plan B. The small amounts of Cesium that were measured told the operators that the first containment on one of the rods somewhere was about to give. The Plan A had been to restore one of the regular cooling systems to the core. Why that failed is unclear. One plausible explanation is that the tsunami also took away / polluted all the clean water needed for the regular cooling systems.

The water used in the cooling system is very clean, demineralized (like distilled) water. The reason to use pure water is the above mentioned activation by the neutrons from the Uranium: Pure water does not get activated much, so stays practically radioactive-free. Dirt or salt in the water will absorb the neutrons quicker, becoming more radioactive. This has no effect whatsoever on the core – it does not care what it is cooled by. But it makes life more difficult for the operators and mechanics when they have to deal with activated (i.e. slightly radioactive) water.

But Plan A had failed – cooling systems down or additional clean water unavailable – so Plan B came into effect. This is what it looks like happened:

In order to prevent a core meltdown, the operators started to use sea water to cool the core. I am not quite sure if they flooded our pressure cooker with it (the second containment), or if they flooded the third containment, immersing the pressure cooker. But that is not relevant for us.

The point is that the nuclear fuel has now been cooled down. Because the chain reaction has been stopped a long time ago, there is only very little residual heat being produced now. The large amount of cooling water that has been used is sufficient to take up that heat. Because it is a lot of water, the core does not produce sufficient heat any more to produce any significant pressure. Also, boric acid has been added to the seawater. Boric acid is “liquid control rod”. Whatever decay is still going on, the Boron will capture the neutrons and further speed up the cooling down of the core.

The plant came close to a core meltdown. Here is the worst-case scenario that was avoided: If the seawater could not have been used for treatment, the operators would have continued to vent the water steam to avoid pressure buildup. The third containment would then have been completely sealed to allow the core meltdown to happen without releasing radioactive material. After the meltdown, there would have been a waiting period for the intermediate radioactive materials to decay inside the reactor, and all radioactive particles to settle on a surface inside the containment. The cooling system would have been restored eventually, and the molten core cooled to a manageable temperature. The containment would have been cleaned up on the inside. Then a messy job of removing the molten core from the containment would have begun, packing the (now solid again) fuel bit by bit into transportation containers to be shipped to processing plants. Depending on the damage, the block of the plant would then either be repaired or dismantled.

Now, where does that leave us?

・The plant is safe now and will stay safe.

Japan is looking at an INES Level 4 Accident: Nuclear accident with local consequences. That is bad for the company that owns the plant, but not for anyone else.

・Some radiation was released when the pressure vessel was vented. All radioactive isotopes from the activated steam have gone (decayed). A very small amount of Cesium was released, as well as Iodine. If you were sitting on top of the plants’ chimney when they were venting, you should probably give up smoking to return to your former life expectancy. The Cesium and Iodine isotopes were carried out to the sea and will never be seen again.

・There was some limited damage to the first containment. That means that some amounts of radioactive Cesium and Iodine will also be released into the cooling water, but no Uranium or other nasty stuff (the Uranium oxide does not “dissolve” in the water). There are facilities for treating the cooling water inside the third containment. The radioactive Cesium and Iodine will be removed there and eventually stored as radioactive waste in terminal storage.

・The seawater used as cooling water will be activated to some degree. Because the control rods are fully inserted, the Uranium chain reaction is not happening. That means the “main” nuclear reaction is not happening, thus not contributing to the activation. The intermediate radioactive materials (Cesium and Iodine) are also almost gone at this stage, because the Uranium decay was stopped a long time ago. This further reduces the activation. The bottom line is that there will be some low level of activation of the seawater, which will also be removed by the treatment facilities.

・The seawater will then be replaced over time with the “normal” cooling water

・The reactor core will then be dismantled and transported to a processing facility, just like during a regular fuel change.

Fuel rods and the entire plant will be checked for potential damage. This will take about 4-5 years.

・The safety systems on all Japanese plants will be upgraded to withstand a 9.0 earthquake and tsunami (or worse)

・I believe the most significant problem will be a prolonged power shortage. About half of Japan’s nuclear reactors will probably have to be inspected, reducing the nation’s power generating capacity by 15%. This will probably be covered by running gas power plants that are usually only used for peak loads to cover some of the base load as well. That will increase your electricity bill, as well as lead to potential power shortages during peak demand, in Japan.

If you want to stay informed, please forget the usual media outlets and consult the following websites:

http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS_Battle_to_stabilise_earthquake_reactors_1203111.html

http://bravenewclimate.com/2011/03/12/japan-nuclear-earthquake/

http://ansnuclearcafe.org/2011/03/11/media-updates-on-nuclear-power-stations-in-japan/

2010-02-08

米国永住権の質問書

すごい質問のオンパレード

Has the Beneficiary/Applicant ever withheld custody of a U.S. citizen child outside the United States from a person granted legal custody by a U.S. court, voted in the United States in violation of any law or regulation or renounced U.S. citizenship for the purpose of avoiding taxation?

まぁ犯罪とか、税金逃れとか、これはよくある。

Is the Beneficiary/Applicant now or has he/she ever been a member of, or in any way connected or associated with the Communist Party, or ever knowingly aided or supported the communist party directly, or indirectly through another organization, group or person, or ever advocated, taught, believed in, or knowingly supported or furthered the interests of communism?

共産党党員涙目wwww

Did Beneficiary/Applicant, between March 23, 1933 and May 8, 1945, in association with either the Nazi Government of Germany, either order, incite, assist or otherwise participate in the persecution of any person because of race, religion, national origin or political opinion?

ナチ涙目wwwww

Has the Beneficiary/Applicant ever left the United States to avoid being drafted into the U.S. Armed Forces?

兵役逃れwwwwwはよくないね

Does the Beneficiary/Applicant plan to practice polygamy in the U.S.?

一夫多妻制ってどこかでやってるんですか?

Has the Beneficiary/Applicant within the past ten years been a prostitute or procured anyone for prostitution, or intend to engage in such activities in the future?

売買春援助交際はよくない。アメリカに住めなくなるよ。

Has the Beneficiary/Applicant ever knowingly encouraged, induced, assisted, abetted or aided any alien to try to enter the U.S. illegally?

国境越え!

Has the Beneficiary/Applicant ever illicitly trafficked in any controlled substance, or knowingly assisted, abetted or colluded in the illicit trafficking of any controlled substance?

人身売買もだめです。当然。

Has Beneficiary/Applicant ever engaged in any unlawful commercialized vice, including, but not limited to, illegal gambling?

ギャンブル

Does the Beneficiary/Applicant intend to engage in espionage in the U.S.?

スパイ

2007-09-05

http://anond.hatelabo.jp/20070905230922

telnet使ってる。こんな感じ。

$ telnet www.kantei.go.jp 80

Trying 202.232.58.50...

Connected to www.kantei.go.jp.

Escape character is '^]'.

HEAD / HTTP/1.0

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Date: Wed, 05 Sep 2007 14:26:46 GMT

Server: Apache

Last-Modified: Wed, 05 Sep 2007 10:36:48 GMT

ETag: "84e2-7930-fb9f3000"

Accept-Ranges: bytes

Content-Length: 31024

Connection: close

Content-Type: text/html

いろいろと覚えておくとトラブル対応のとき便利かも。

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