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51. Policy Rate (PR) - Interest rate set by the central bank.
- Inflation (π) - General increase in prices.
52. Government Regulations (GR) - Laws that control the way that businesses can operate.
- Innovation (IN) - Introduction of new products or services.
53. Budget Surplus (BS) - Financial situation where income exceeds expenditures.
- National Debt (ND) - Total amount of money that a country's government has borrowed.
54. National Debt (ND) - Sum of all government borrowings less repayments.
- Interest Payments (IP) - Payments made for the use of borrowed money.
55. Trade Deficit (TD) - Situation where a country's imports exceed its exports.
- Exchange Rate (ER) - Price of a nation's currency in terms of another currency.
56. Investment (I) - Expenditure on capital equipment.
- Economic Growth (EG) - Increase in the production of goods and services.
57. Immigration (IM) - Movement of people into a country to live.
- Labor Supply (LS) - Total hours workers are willing to work.
58. Population Aging (PA) - Increase in the median age of a population.
- Dependency Ratio (DR) - Ratio of non-working to working population.
59. Income Inequality (II) - Unequal distribution of household or individual income.
- Social Tension (ST) - Strain on relationships in society.
60. Economic Freedom (EF) - Ability of people to make their own economic decisions.
- Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) - Investment from one country into business interests in another.
61. Corporate Profits (CP) - Earnings of companies after expenses.
- Stock Prices (SP) - Market value of publicly traded company shares.
62. Interest Rates (IR) - Rate charged by lenders to borrowers.
- Savings (S) - Portion of income not spent on consumption.
63. Inflation (π) - Increase in prices and fall in purchasing value of money.
- Real Interest Rates (RIR) - Interest rates adjusted for inflation.
64. Labor Union Power (LU) - Influence of labor unions in wage negotiations.
- Wages (W) - Monetary compensation for labor.
65. Economic Sanctions (ES) - Penalties applied by one country onto another.
- Gross Domestic Product (GDP) - Total value of goods produced and services provided.
66. Environmental Regulations (ER) - Rules aimed at protecting the environment.
- Production Costs (PC) - Costs associated with manufacturing.
67. Productivity (Prod) - Efficiency in production.
- Wages (W) - Payment for labor services.
68. Trade Barriers (TB) - Measures that governments introduce to make imported goods less competitive.
- Consumer Prices (P) - Prices paid by consumers for goods and services.
69. Unemployment Rate (U) - Proportion of unemployed individuals.
- Wage Growth (WG) - Rate at which wages increase over time.
70. Fiscal Stimulus (FS) - Government policy aimed at increasing economic activity.
- Aggregate Demand (AD) - Total demand for goods and services.
71. Currency Devaluation (CD) - Reduction of the value of a currency with respect to other currencies.
- Exports (X) - Goods and services sold abroad.
72. Interest Rates (IR) - Cost of borrowing.
- Capital Outflow (CO) - Movement of assets out of a country.
73. Fiscal Deficit (FD) - When a government's total expenditures exceed the revenue.
- Interest Rates (IR) - Cost of borrowing.
74. Tax Cuts (TC) - Reductions in the amount of taxes imposed.
- Disposable Income (Yd) - Income after taxes.
75. Quantitative Easing (QE) - Monetary policy where a central bank buys securities.
- Money Supply (M) - Total amount of monetary assets.
76. Bank Reserve Requirements (RR) - Minimum reserves a bank must hold.
- Money Supply (M) - Total monetary assets in the economy.
77. Corporate Taxes (CT) - Taxes on company profits.
- Investment (I) - Expenditure on capital goods.
78. Consumer Expectations (CE) - Outlook of consumers on future financial conditions.
- Consumption (C) - Spending on goods and services.
79. Healthcare Spending (HS) - Expenditure on health services.
- Life Expectancy (LE) - Average period a person is expected to live.
80. Education Level (EL) - Average level of education achieved.
- Productivity (Prod) - Efficiency in production processes.
81. Environmental Taxes (ET) - Taxes intended to promote ecologically sustainable activities.
- Pollution (P) - Introduction of contaminants into the environment.
82. Military Spending (MS) - Government expenditure on defense.
- Budget Deficit (BD) - Excess of expenditure over income.
83. Exchange Rate (ER) - Rate at which one currency exchanges for another.
- Foreign Debt Burden (FDB) - Cost of servicing foreign-denominated debt.
84. Stock Market Index (SM) - Statistical measure of stock market performance.
- Consumer Confidence (CC) - Degree of optimism about the economy.
85. Inflation (π) - General increase in prices.
- Real Interest Rates (RIR) - Nominal interest rates adjusted for inflation.
86. Commodity Prices (CP) - Prices of raw materials.
- Trade Balance (TB) - Difference between exports and imports.
87. Financial Crisis (FC) - Significant disruption in financial markets.
- Unemployment (U) - Joblessness among the labor force.
88. Capital Controls (CC) - Measures to regulate flows from capital markets.
- Foreign Investment (FI) - Investment in domestic markets by foreign entities.
89. Exchange Rate (ER) - Value of a currency.
- Inflation (π) - Rate at which prices increase.
90. Money Supply (M) - Total amount of monetary assets.
- Exchange Rate (ER) - Price of one currency in terms of another.
91. Household Debt (HD) - Combined debt of all people in a household.
- Financial Stability (FS) - Condition where the financial system is resistant to economic shocks.
92. Tax Evasion (TE) - Illegal non-payment or underpayment of tax.
- Government Revenue (GR) - Money received by the government.
93. Global Economic Growth (GEG) - Increase in worldwide economic activity.
- Exports (X) - Goods and services sold internationally.
94. Corporate Governance (CG) - System of rules and practices by which a company is directed.
- Investor Confidence (IC) - Trust investors have in the financial markets.
95. Income Tax Rates (IT) - Percentage at which income is taxed.
- Labor Supply (LS) - Total hours workers are willing to work.
96. Budget Cuts (BC) - Reductions in government spending.
- Public Services (PS) - Services provided by the government.
97. Economic Recession (ER) - Significant decline in economic activity.
- Business Failures (BF) - Closure of businesses due to inability to make a profit.
98. Interest Rates (IR) - Rate at which interest is paid by borrowers.
- Capital Inflow (CI) - Movement of capital into a country.
99. Public Debt (PD) - Money owed by the government.
- Tax Burden (TB) - Impact of taxation on individuals and businesses.
100. Consumer Spending (C) - Total spending by consumers.
- Economic Growth (EG) - Increase in the production of economic goods and services.
1. Interest Rate (IR) - The cost of borrowing money. - Investment (I) - Expenditure on capital goods by firms. - Relationship: IR ↑→ I ↓ 2. Taxes (T) - Compulsory charges imposed by the government. - Consumption (C) - Household spendin...
51. Policy Rate (PR) - Interest rate set by the central bank. - Inflation (π) - General increase in prices. - Relationship: PR ↑→ π ↓ 52. Government Regulations (GR) - Laws that control the way that businesses can operate. - Innov...
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