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はてなキーワード: mostとは
すぐその後に答えあるのに気づかなかったのは原文まるで理解してないか、そもそも字を読めなかったかだな。
Our finding that human capital and labor supply factors can account for most of the gender gap in earnings among MBAs
MBAを持つ女性にその傾向が見られるってだけで、人種国籍とわず女性全体がそうだとはこの論文では一言も言っていない。
そもそもabstractにThe careers of MBAs from a top US business schoolてあるだろ馬鹿が。
いやいや電車の例でbe going toを使うと堅苦しすぎるとか言ってたじゃん
「be going toもまだ文語的」←こういうのもさ、ちゃんとソース示した上で言おうね
ネイティブはbe going toはカジュアルで口語的だとはっきり言ってるから
Use "will" in writing and "going to" when speaking.
https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/87900/going-to-vs-will
‘Going to’ is less formal / more conversational, and widely used for personal things that are likely to happen in the fairly near future.
For most people, "is going to" is just a more casual way to say "will". Since it is more casual, it's not used as much in formal writing, etc. Conversely, "will" often has a more formal sound, and people often prefer "is going to" in casual conversation.
https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/243476/next-week-she-will-be-vs-next-week-she-is-going-to-be
In a discussion about the case, someone raised an objection to "someone who was not a party to the incident, who was not from Nagasaki, and who was not from Hiroshima, complaining about it. Seeing that opinion made me aware of my position, so I will say what I must say.
I was born in Nagasaki and am a third-generation A-bomb survivor.
I say this because I grew up hearing the stories of the A-bomb damage directly from those who suffered from the atomic bombings.
I feel that it is unacceptable for someone like me to speak about the A-bomb damage.
However, there are few A-bomb survivors left, so I will speak up.
In Nagasaki, children grow up hearing stories about the atomic bombing. We were made to sit in the gymnasium of an elementary school in the middle of summer, where there was not even an air conditioner or a fan, and for nearly an hour we were made to listen to stories about the atomic bombing. It was hard for me anyway.
I think it was even more painful for the elderly people who told the stories. But I don't think an elementary school kid could have imagined that. I, too, have forgotten most of the stories I was told. I can only remember one or two at most.
Another thing is that at this time of year, pictures of the victims of the atomic bombing are pasted up in the hallways.
In other parts of the country, these are grotesque images that would cause a fuss from the parents who are always nagging about them.
Recently, even the A-bomb museum has become more gentle in its exhibits, and most of the radical and horrifying exhibits that would have traumatized visitors have been removed.
I don't know how elementary schools now teach about the A-bomb damage. But when I was in elementary school, there were photos on display.
There was one photo that I just couldn't face as an elementary school student. It was a picture of Taniguchi Sumiteru(谷口稜曄). If you search for it, you can find it. It is a shocking picture, but I would still like you to see it.
I couldn't pass through the hallway where the photo was displayed, so I always took the long way around to another floor to avoid seeing the photo.
My grandfather was under the bomb and went to the burnt ruins of the bomb to look for his sister. I can understand now that he couldn't turn away or go another way.
There would have been a mountain of people still alive and moaning in the ruins of the burnt ruins. There would have been many more who would have died out in agony.
My grandfather walked for miles and miles, towing a rear wheelchair, through the narrow streets of rubble-strewn Nagasaki in search of his sister.
My grandfather was not a child then. But of course there were elementary school children who did the same thing he did. I am not speculating that there were. There were. I heard the story from him, and I still remember it.
A young brother and sister found their father's corpse in the ruins of the fire and burned it themselves. They didn't have enough wood to burn him alive, and when they saw his brain spilling out, they ran away, and that was the last time they ever saw him again.
I can never forget that story I heard when I was a kid, and even now it's painful and painful, my hands are shaking and I'm crying.
I keep wondering how that old man who ran away from his father's brain was able to expose to the public the unimaginably horrible trauma, the scar that will never heal, even after all these years.
Now I think I understand a little.
Why I can't help but talk about my grandfather and the old man now, even as I remember my own trauma.
Because this level of suffering is nothing compared to their words being forgotten.
It's nothing compared to the tremendous suffering that once existed that will be forgotten, like my hands shaking, my heart palpitating, my nose running with vertigo, and so on.
My grandfather, who went through an unimaginable hell, lived to see his grandchildren born, and met his sister's death in the ruins of the fire.
In other words, my grandfather was one of the happiest people in the ruins of the fire.
My grandfather and that old man were, after all, just people wading in the depths of hell.
I think that the suffering that even people who had experienced unimaginable pain could not imagine was lying like pebbles on the ground in Nagasaki 78 years ago, and no one paid any attention to it.
Their suffering, which I can't even imagine, is nothing compared to the countless, unimaginable suffering they witnessed, which they pretend never happened.
Memories fade inexorably with each passing human mouth. The memories that those people could never allow to be forgotten are almost forgotten.
The tremendous suffering of 78 years ago is mostly gone, never to be recounted.
Those who suffered the most from the atomic bombing died rotting in the ruins of the fire without being able to tell anyone about it.
Many of those who saw it with their own eyes kept their mouths shut and took it with them to their graves. Most of those who spoke a few words are still in their graves.
Compared to the words of the old men, my own words are so light. I would rather keep my mouth shut than speak in such light words.
But still, someone has to take over. I realize that even my words, which are so light, are only the top of the voices that are left in this world to carry on the story of the atomic bombing.
I know how it feels to think that I am the only one. Still, I hope that you will not shut your mouth. I know that I have closed my mouth because I thought I shouldn't talk about it, and that is the result.
Sometimes I almost choose to stop imagining the unimaginable suffering and live my life consuming other people's suffering for fun.
I am writing this while I still have some imagination of the suffering of the old people whose voices, faces, and even words I can no longer recall.
すまん。勝手に翻訳した。拡散はどうするかな。redditとかに投稿するのがいいのか?
----
I have seen some posts asking if they should talk about "the case" even though they were not involved in it and were not born in Nagasaki or Hiroshima, and I am a bit aware of it, so I have to say what I have to say. I say this because I was born in Nagasaki, am a third generation atomic bomb survivor, and grew up hearing the stories of those who experienced the atomic bombing firsthand. I know it's a little bit too much for me, but I'm going to say this because there are very few survivors left.
In Nagasaki, children grow up hearing stories about the atomic bombing. They were stuffed into sushi for nearly an hour in the gymnasium of an elementary school in the middle of summer, with no air conditioner or fan, and told stories about the atomic bombing. That was a hard time for me. I think it must have been even harder for the old people who told the stories, but there was no way an elementary school kid could imagine such a thing, and I had forgotten most of the stories I had been told for a long time. I have forgotten most of the stories I was told. I can only remember one or two at most. There is one more hard thing. Every year around this time, a row of grotesque images that would drive the PTA crazy in other areas are prominently displayed in the hallways. These days, I hear that the atomic bomb museum has been bleached out and many of the radical and horrifying exhibits that traumatized visitors have been taken down. I don't know if they are still there, but they were there when I was in elementary school.
There was one photo that I just couldn't face when I was in elementary school. It is a picture of Sumiteru Taniguchi. If you search for it, you can find it. It is a shocking picture, but I would like you to take a look at it. I couldn't pass through the hallway where the photo was posted, so I always took the long way around to another floor of the school building to avoid seeing the photo.
Now I'm thinking that my grandfather, who headed into the burnt ruins to look for his sister, couldn't have turned away or taken a different path. There would have been a mountain of people still alive and moaning, not just pictures, and a mountain more who would have given up at the end of their suffering. He walked for miles and miles, towing his handcart through the narrow streets of rubble-strewn Nagasaki in search of his sister. My grandfather was not a child at the time, but of course there were children who did similar things. Not that there wouldn't have been. There were. I heard the story from him, and I still remember it. A young brother and sister found their father's body in the ruins of a fire and they burned it. They didn't have enough wood to burn his body, and when they saw the raw brain that spilled out, they ran away and that was the last time they ever saw him anymore.
I can never forget the story I heard when I was a kid, and even now it is painful and painful, my hands are shaking and I am crying. I keep wondering how the old man who escaped from that father's brain could have been able to unravel the most horrible trauma imaginable and expose it to the public with scars that will never heal.
Now I think I can understand a little.
The reason I can't help but talk about my grandfather and that old man, even if I have to rehash my own trauma, is that this level of suffering is nothing compared to the fact that their words will be forgotten. My hands shaking, my heart palpitating and dizzy, my nose running with tears, it's nothing compared to the tremendous suffering that was once there and will be forgotten.
My grandfather, who went through an unimaginable hell, lived to see his grandchildren born, and met his sister's death in the ruins of the fire. In other words, my grandfather was one of the happiest people in the ruins of the fire. My grandfather and that old man were, after all, just people wading in the depths of hell. I think that the suffering that even people who had experienced unimaginable pain could not imagine was lying like pebbles in Nagasaki 78 years ago, and no one paid any attention to it. Their suffering, which I can't even imagine, is nothing compared to the countless, tremendous suffering they witnessed, which they pretend never happened.
Memories fade inexorably every time people talk about them. The memories that those people could not allow to be forgotten are now largely forgotten; the tremendous suffering of 78 years ago is mostly gone, never to be recounted again. Those who suffered the most from the atomic bombing died rotting in the ruins of the fire, unable to tell anyone about it. Many of those who saw it with their own eyes kept their mouths shut and took it with them to their graves. Most of those who spoke a few words are now under the grave.
Compared to the words of the old men, my own words are so light. I would rather keep my mouth shut than speak in such light words. But still, someone has to take over. I realize that even my words, which are so light, are only the top of the voices that are left in this world to carry on the story of the atomic bombing. I know how it feels to wonder if someone like myself is allowed to speak about this. Still, I hope that you will not shut your mouth. This is the result of our silence.
Sometimes I almost choose to stop imagining the unimaginable suffering and live my life consuming other people's suffering for the fun of it. I am writing this while I still have some imagination of the suffering of the old people whose voices, faces, and even words I can no longer recall.
Translator's note: The original post in Japanese is a response to a post by a Japanese contributor who wondered if he was qualified to speak out on the subject of the A-bomb when he was not from Hiroshima and Nagasaki, but still spoke out about Barbie and the A-bomb. I translated it here because I think it deserves to be read by the world.
I must talk about various things regarding the Barbie incident.
I saw a post about it from someone who is neither directly involved nor from Nagasaki or Hiroshima, and it made me realize that there are things I must say.
I was born in Nagasaki and grew up listening to stories from the survivors, being a third-generation survivor myself. Most survivors are no longer with us, so I feel compelled to speak up.
In Nagasaki, kids grow up hearing about the atomic bomb. We were packed like sushi in a gymnasium without air conditioning or even fans during the scorching summer, and we listened to stories about the bomb. It was incredibly tough for me.
I imagine it was even harder for the elderly who spoke about their experiences. As a child, I couldn't fully comprehend their pain, and now, I can hardly remember most of the stories I heard. I can only recall one or two.
Every year during this time, gruesome images that would make PTA elsewhere go crazy were displayed in the hallways. I heard that many of the horrifying exhibits that used to traumatize visitors at the Atomic Bomb Museum have been removed, and the museum has been considerably sanitized. I'm not sure about the current situation, but that's how it was when I was there.
There was one photograph that I could never bear to look at as a child – a picture of Tadashi Taniguchi. You can find it if you search, but it's a shocking image with a viewer discretion warning. Still, I want people to see it.
I couldn't walk down the hallway where that photo was displayed, and I always took a different route, avoiding it so I wouldn't have to see it.
Now, I think of my grandpa who went to the ruins to search for my sister. He couldn't look away or take a different path. The pain must have been unimaginable.
Besides photographs, there were many living people moaning in pain back then, and there must have been even more who succumbed to suffering.
My grandpa walked for miles, pulling a handcart through the debris-laden streets of Nagasaki, searching for my sister.
Even though my grandpa was not a child, I'm sure there were elementary school kids who did similar things. I don't just think they might have been there; they were there. I heard the stories from the people themselves, and I still remember them.
I can't forget the stories I heard as a child, such as the young siblings finding their father's burnt corpse in the ruins and cremating him. They didn't have enough firewood, and their father ended up half-burnt. They ran away after seeing the brain tissue oozing out, and that became their final farewell.
I can never forget those stories I heard as a child, and even now, they still bring pain and suffering, making my hands tremble and tears flow.
I wonder how my grandpa, who ran away from that father's brain tissue, could expose his unimaginable trauma and everlasting scars to the world.
Now, I feel like I understand a little.
Even someone like me, who experienced such unimaginable trauma, has gone through pain that I can't even imagine being compared to being discarded, forgotten, and ignored. Compared to what those people experienced, my suffering means nothing.
My trembling hands and the palpitations and dizziness I experienced are nothing compared to the tremendous pain that many others went through.
Memories fade irreversibly every time they pass through people's lips. The memories that I couldn't bear to be forgotten are almost forgotten now.
The unimaginable pain that existed 78 years ago has mostly disappeared, and we can no longer pass it on.
The people who suffered the most from the atomic bomb perished in the ruins, rotting away without being able to convey it to anyone.
Even those who saw it with their own eyes mostly took the memories with them to their graves. Most of them are now under the tombstones.
Compared to the words of the elderly, my words seem so light. I think that speaking with such light words would be better than keeping silent, as silence has led to this result.
I feel like I might occasionally choose to stop imagining the unimaginable pain and consume the suffering of others in an amusing way to live on.
Before I forget the pain and suffering of those elderly people, whose faces and voices I can no longer recall, I will leave this here.
I think 必死 is the word I'm most leery of these days; there are certainly times when 'desperation' is fine but quite a lot of uses where that would be exaggerated and you're better off not having an equivalent word and just using strong wording for the rest of the line.
https://twitter.com/BuddyWaters/status/1668268871394947072
「必死」は、私が最近とても用心している言葉です。確かに「desperation」でいい場合もありますが、それだと大げさになることが多く、訳さずに文自体を強い口調で訳した方がいい場合も結構あります
テーマ。
「リーゼントというのは前頭部の髪型（ポンパドール）ではなく後頭部の髪型（ダックテイル）のことだ」って本当なの？
だいたいの前回のまとめ。
さて、今回の記事の主眼は、前回の記事でも書いた「ポール・グラウス」という人物は何者か、というところにあるのだが、そのまえに増田英吉が戦前から「リーゼント」を施術していたという証拠を提示しておきたい。というのも国立国会図書館デジタルコレクションで検索したところ1936年の広告を見つけたのである。
スタア 4(21)(82) - 国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション
「ゲーブル」というのは俳優のクラーク・ゲーブルのことだろう。
などがこれでわかる。
なおインターネット上で「リーゼントの命名者」とされるもう一人に尾道の理容師・小田原俊幸がいるが、彼が「リーゼント」を発表したのは昭和24年＝1949年だというので遅すぎる。おそらくは既にあったリーゼントを独自にアレンジしたとかそういう話なのだろう。
さて、では増田英吉や小田原俊幸とは違って、ググっても検索結果に引っかかりすらしない「ポール・グラウス」とは何者なのか。あらためて調べてみると、1931年にイギリスで刊行された『The Art And Craft Of Hairdressing』という書籍にその名が掲載されていることがわかった。
7ページ（16 of 700）より。
PAUL GLAUS, Past President, Academy of Gentlemen’s Hairdressing (London), a former Chief Examiner in Gentlemen’s Hairdressing, City and Guilds of London Institute.
ポール・グラウスは、ロンドンの「Academy of Gentlemen’s Hairdressing」の前会長であり、かつては「City and Guilds of London Institute」の紳士向け理髪の主任試験官でした。
同姓同名同職の別人の可能性もなくはないが、おそらくはこの人が「ポール・グラウス」なのだろう。ただし、この書籍の著者はGilbert Foanという人物で、ポール・グラウスは「Special Contributor」としていくつかの記事を寄稿しているだけである。
そして驚くべきことに、この『The Art And Craft Of Hairdressing』では「リーゼント（Regent）」についても解説されているのである。「リーゼント」は和製英語であると思われていたが、やはり由来はイギリスにあったのだ。
118ページ（146 of 700）より。
One of the most artistic and distinguished of haircuts, the Regent has been worn by elderly society gentlemen for many years. Then it was always associated with long hair, in most instances nice natural wavy white or grey hair. Since the present writer first decided to cut this style shorter, but in exactly the same shape, the style has been in great demand.
リーゼントは、最も芸術的で格調高いヘアスタイルのひとつで、長年にわたり、年配の社交界の紳士たちに愛されてきました。当時、リーゼントは長い髪、それも自然なウェーブのかかった白髪や白髪の髪によく似合う髪型でした。筆者がこのスタイルをより短く、しかし全く同じ形にカットすることに決めて以来、このスタイルには大きな需要があります。
Rub the fixative well into the hair, spreading it evenly, but do not make the mistake of using so much that it runs on to the face and neck. Then, when the hair is saturated, draw the parting and comb the hair in the position required, sideways, going towards the back of the ears.
整髪料を髪によく揉み込んで均一に広げます。顔や首に流れるほど使いすぎないよう注意してください。髪に馴染んだら、分け目を作り、耳の後ろに向かって横向きに髪をとかします。
「リーゼント」の解説を読むかぎり、そしてイラストを見るかぎり、その前髪には分け目があり、側面の髪を横向きに撫でつけて、襟足はバリカンでV字に刈り上げていたようだ。どうやら前髪を膨らませるわけではなさそうである。また、この書き方だと、もともと「髪の長いリーゼント」が存在しており、それから「筆者」によって「髪の短いリーゼント」が生み出されたらしくはある。具体的なところは不明だが。
追記。鮮明な画像を見つけたのでリンクを張る。ダックテイルのように左右の髪を流して後頭部で合わせているのがはっきりとわかる。
https://www.pinterest.jp/pin/59672763786345196/
ちなみに、この書籍の281ページ（316 of 700）では「Duck-Tailed Pompadour」という髪型も紹介されている。おおっ、と思ったがこれは女性向けの髪型で、いわゆる「エルビス・プレスリーの髪型」とは異なるように見える。しかし、後頭部をアヒルのお尻に見立てる発想や、それとポンパドールを組み合わせる発想は、まず女性向けに存在していて、それが1950年代にアレンジされて男性にも適用されるようになった、ということなのかもしれない。
ややこしいことに、このスキャンされた『The Art And Craft Of Hairdressing』は1958年に発行された第四版なので、どこまでが改訂の際に追加された内容かわからない。1936年にポール・グラウスが日本でリーゼントを紹介した、という話があるからには、少なくともリーゼントは1931年から存在していたと思うのだが…。
追記。Google Booksにあった1931年版に「The Regent Haircut」が記載されていることを確認した。
『The Art And Craft Of Hairdressing』はイギリスで30年以上にわたって改訂されつつ出版されていた名著らしいので、当時のイギリスの理容師のあいだでは「リーゼント」はそれなりに広まっていたのではないかと思うのだが、現在では「リーゼント」という言い方はぜんぜん残っていないようだし、それどころか英語圏でさえ「リーゼント」は和製英語だと書かれていたりするのも謎ではある。
ともあれ推測するに、まず1930年代以前にイギリスで「リーゼント」という髪型が生まれ、1936年ごろにイギリス人のポール・グラウスが日本に「リーゼント」を紹介し、その「リーゼント」を見た増田英吉が日本人に合うように「前髪を膨らませるかたち」にアレンジして広告を打った、という流れなのではないかと思われる。
というわけで大枠の結論としては前回の記事と変わらないが、いくつかのディテールが明らかになったことで状況の理解度は上がったと思う。こちらからは以上です。
The Sacrament—and the Sacrifice
Of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
I pray for your faith and prayers that my utterances will be received and understood “by the Spirit of truth” and that my expressions will be given “by the Spirit of truth” so that we might all be “edified and rejoice together.” (See D&C 50:21–22.)
As I stand here today—a well man—words of gratitude and acknowledgment of divine intervention are so very inadequate in expressing the feelings in my soul.
Six months ago at the April general conference, I was excused from speaking as I was convalescing from a serious operation. My life has been spared, and I now have the pleasant opportunity of acknowledging the blessings, comfort, and ready aid of my Brethren in the First Presidency and Quorum of the Twelve, and other wonderful associates and friends to whom I owe so much and who surrounded my dear wife, Ruby, and my family with their time, attention, and prayers. For the inspired doctors and thoughtful nurses I express my deepest gratitude, and for the thoughtful letters and messages of faith and hope received from many places in the world, many expressing, “You have been in our prayers” or “We have been asking our Heavenly Father to spare your life.” Your prayers and mine, thankfully, have been answered.
One unusual card caused me to ponder upon the majesty of it all. It is an original painting by Arta Romney Ballif of the heavens at night with its myriad golden stars. Her caption, taken from Psalms, reads:
“He healeth the broken in heart, and bindeth up their wounds.
“He telleth the number of the stars; he calleth them all by their names.
“… His understanding is infinite.” (Ps. 147:1, 3–5.)
As I lay in the hospital bed, I meditated on all that had happened to me and studied the contemplative painting by President Marion G. Romney’s sister and the lines from Psalms: “He telleth the number of the stars; he calleth them all by their names.” I was then—and continue to be—awed by the goodness and majesty of the Creator, who knows not only the names of the stars but knows your name and my name—each of us as His sons and daughters.
“When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained;
“What is man, that thou art mindful of him? …
“For thou hast made him a little lower than the angels, and hast crowned him with glory and honour.” (Ps. 8:3–5.)
To be remembered is a wonderful thing.
The evening of my health crisis, I knew something very serious had happened to me. Events happened so swiftly—the pain striking with such intensity, my dear Ruby phoning the doctor and our family, and I on my knees leaning over the bathtub for support and some comfort and hoped relief from the pain. I was pleading to my Heavenly Father to spare my life a while longer to give me a little more time to do His work, if it was His will.
While still praying, I began to lose consciousness. The siren of the paramedic truck was the last that I remembered before unconsciousness overtook me, which would last for the next several days.
The terrible pain and commotion of people ceased. I was now in a calm, peaceful setting; all was serene and quiet. I was conscious of two persons in the distance on a hillside, one standing on a higher level than the other. Detailed features were not discernible. The person on the higher level was pointing to something I could not see.
I heard no voices but was conscious of being in a holy presence and atmosphere. During the hours and days that followed, there was impressed again and again upon my mind the eternal mission and exalted position of the Son of Man. I witness to you that He is Jesus the Christ, the Son of God, Savior to all, Redeemer of all mankind, Bestower of infinite love, mercy, and forgiveness, the Light and Life of the world. I knew this truth before—I had never doubted nor wondered. But now I knew, because of the impressions of the Spirit upon my heart and soul, these divine truths in a most unusual way.
I was shown a panoramic view of His earthly ministry: His baptism, His teaching, His healing the sick and lame, the mock trial, His crucifixion, His resurrection and ascension. There followed scenes of His earthly ministry to my mind in impressive detail, confirming scriptural eyewitness accounts. I was being taught, and the eyes of my understanding were opened by the Holy Spirit of God so as to behold many things.
The first scene was of the Savior and His Apostles in the upper chamber on the eve of His betrayal. Following the Passover supper, He instructed and prepared the sacrament of the Lord’s Supper for His dearest friends as a remembrance of His coming sacrifice. It was so impressively portrayed to me—the overwhelming love of the Savior for each. I witnessed His thoughtful concern for significant details—the washing of the dusty feet of each Apostle, His breaking and blessing of the loaf of dark bread and blessing of the wine, then His dreadful disclosure that one would betray Him.
He explained Judas’s departure and told the others of the events soon to take place.
Then followed the Savior’s solemn discourse when He said to the Eleven: “These things I have spoken unto you, that in me ye might have peace. In the world ye shall have tribulation: but be of good cheer; I have overcome the world.” (John 16:33.)
Our Savior prayed to His Father and acknowledged the Father as the source of His authority and power—even to the extending of eternal life to all who are worthy.
He prayed, “And this is life eternal, that they might know thee the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom thou hast sent.”
Jesus then reverently added:
“I have glorified thee on the earth: I have finished the work which thou gavest me to do.
“And now, O Father, glorify thou me with thine own self with the glory which I had with thee before the world was.” (John 17:3–5.)
He pled not only for the disciples called out from the world who had been true to their testimony of Him, “but for them also which shall believe on me through their word.” (John 17:20.)
When they had sung a hymn, Jesus and the Eleven went out to the Mount of Olives. There, in the garden, in some manner beyond our comprehension, the Savior took upon Himself the burden of the sins of mankind from Adam to the end of the world. His agony in the garden, Luke tells us, was so intense “his sweat was as … great drops of blood falling … to the ground.” (Luke 22:44.) He suffered an agony and a burden the like of which no human person would be able to bear. In that hour of anguish our Savior overcame all the power of Satan.
The glorified Lord revealed to Joseph Smith this admonition to all mankind:
“Therefore I command you to repent …
“For … I, God, … suffered … for all, that they might not suffer if they would repent; …
“Which suffering caused myself, even God, the greatest of all, to tremble because of pain, and to bleed at every pore, …
“Wherefore, I command you again to repent, lest I humble you with my almighty power; and that you confess your sins, lest you suffer these punishments.” (D&C 19:15–16, 18, 20.)
During those days of unconsciousness I was given, by the gift and power of the Holy Ghost, a more perfect knowledge of His mission. I was also given a more complete understanding of what it means to exercise, in His name, the authority to unlock the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven for the salvation of all who are faithful. My soul was taught over and over again the events of the betrayal, the mock trial, the scourging of the flesh of even one of the Godhead. I witnessed His struggling up the hill in His weakened condition carrying the cross and His being stretched upon it as it lay on the ground, that the crude spikes could be driven with a mallet into His hands and wrists and feet to secure His body as it hung on the cross for public display.
Crucifixion—the horrible and painful death which He suffered—was chosen from the beginning. By that excruciating death, He descended below all things, as is recorded, that through His resurrection He would ascend above all things. (See D&C 88:6.)
Jesus Christ died in the literal sense in which we will all die. His body lay in the tomb. The immortal spirit of Jesus, chosen as the Savior of mankind, went to those myriads of spirits who had departed mortal life with varying degrees of righteousness to God’s laws. He taught them the “glorious tidings of redemption from the bondage of death, and of possible salvation, … [which was] part of [our] Savior’s foreappointed and unique service to the human family.” (James E. Talmage, Jesus the Christ, Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Co., 1977, p. 671.)
I cannot begin to convey to you the deep impact that these scenes have confirmed upon my soul. I sense their eternal meaning and realize that “nothing in the entire plan of salvation compares in any way in importance with that most transcendent of all events, the atoning sacrifice of our Lord. It is the most important single thing that has ever occurred in the entire history of created things; it is the rock foundation upon which the gospel and all other things rest,” as has been declared. (Bruce R. McConkie, Mormon Doctrine, Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1966, p. 60.)
Father Lehi taught his son Jacob and us today:
“Wherefore, redemption cometh in and through the Holy Messiah; for he is full of grace and truth.
“Behold, he offereth himself a sacrifice for sin, to answer the ends of the law, unto all those who have a broken heart and a contrite spirit; and unto none else can the ends of the law be answered.
“Wherefore, how great the importance to make these things known unto the inhabitants of the earth, that they may know that there is no flesh that can dwell in the presence of God, save it be through the merits, and mercy, and grace of the Holy Messiah, who layeth down his life according to the flesh, and taketh it again by the power of the Spirit, that he may bring to pass the resurrection of the dead, being the first that should rise.
“Wherefore, he is the firstfruits unto God, inasmuch as he shall make intercession for all the children of men; and they that believe in him shall be saved.” (2 Ne. 2:6–9.)
Our most valuable worship experience in the sacrament meeting is the sacred ordinance of the sacrament, for it provides the opportunity to focus our minds and hearts upon the Savior and His sacrifice.
The Apostle Paul warned the early Saints against eating this bread and drinking this cup of the Lord unworthily. (See 1 Cor. 11:27–30.)
Our Savior Himself instructed the Nephites, “Whoso eateth and drinketh my flesh and blood unworthily [brings] damnation to his soul.” (3 Ne. 18:29.)
Worthy partakers of the sacrament are in harmony with the Lord and put themselves under covenant with Him to always remember His sacrifice for the sins of the world, to take upon them the name of Christ and to always remember Him, and to keep His commandments. The Savior covenants that we who do so shall have His spirit to be with us and that, if faithful to the end, we may inherit eternal life.
Our Lord revealed to Joseph Smith that “there is no gift greater than the gift of salvation,” which plan includes the ordinance of the sacrament as a continuous reminder of the Savior’s atoning sacrifice. He gave instructions that “it is expedient that the church meet together often to partake of bread and wine in the remembrance of the Lord Jesus.” (D&C 6:13; D&C 20:75.)
Immortality comes to us all as a free gift by the grace of God alone, without works of righteousness. Eternal life, however, is the reward for obedience to the laws and ordinances of His gospel.
I testify to all of you that our Heavenly Father does answer our righteous pleadings. The added knowledge which has come to me has made a great impact upon my life. The gift of the Holy Ghost is a priceless possession and opens the door to our ongoing knowledge of God and eternal joy. Of this I bear witness, in the holy name of Jesus Christ, amen.
In the year 3000, humanity had finally discovered the secrets of the multiverse. Using their most advanced technology, they had found a way to travel between different parallel universes, each with their own unique physical laws and structures.
As the first explorers set out on their journeys, they encountered a myriad of strange and wondrous worlds. Some universes were filled with infinite copies of themselves, while others were constantly shifting and changing, their physical laws in a state of constant flux.
As they traveled deeper into the multiverse, the explorers encountered universes that seemed to follow completely different sets of physical laws. In some, time flowed backwards, and cause and effect were reversed. In others, matter was made up of entirely different particles, and energy behaved in completely unexpected ways.
As the explorers continued to journey further, they began to encounter universes that seemed to be simulations, created by beings in higher dimensions. They encountered universes where the laws of physics were entirely mathematical, and others where the very fabric of reality was made up of pure information.
At last, the explorers came to a universe that seemed to encompass all of the many-worlds interpretations. In this universe, every possible outcome of every possible event was played out in infinite parallel realities. The explorers marveled at the incredible complexity and diversity of this universe, as they watched endless versions of themselves carrying out endless variations of their own adventures.
As they prepared to leave this universe and return home, the explorers realized that they had only scratched the surface of the multiverse. They knew that there were still countless more universes to explore, each with their own unique physical laws and structures.
And so, they set out once more, to journey deeper into the multiverse, and to discover the secrets of the infinite many-worlds that lay waiting to be explored.
As the explorers continued their journey, they encountered a universe where time did not exist, and another where the laws of physics were governed by emotion rather than math. In yet another universe, they discovered that consciousness itself was the fundamental building block of reality.
As they explored further, the explorers encountered universes where the laws of physics were not constants but varied across space and time. They found a universe where entropy decreased over time, and another where gravity was repulsive rather than attractive.
At the edge of the multiverse, the explorers discovered a universe that seemed to contain all of the other universes within it. This universe was infinite in size and contained infinite variations of itself, each one a slightly different version of the universe they knew.
As they traveled through this universe, the explorers encountered versions of themselves that had made different choices and lived different lives. Some of these versions were almost identical to their own, while others were wildly different, with entirely different personalities and goals.
At last, the explorers returned to their own universe, their minds reeling from the incredible sights and experiences they had witnessed. They knew that the multiverse was an endless sea of possibility, and that there were still countless more universes to explore.
As they shared their discoveries with the rest of humanity, they realized that the true nature of the multiverse was still a mystery. They knew that there were many theories and hypotheses, but no one could say for sure which one was right.
And so, the explorers continued their journey, driven by a hunger to uncover the secrets of the multiverse and to understand the true nature of reality itself.
sHU2uEFZltSiv44bZEskqqwLmJpwM58GVdcmntcEZlWl9f6C_xmyortYKIGA97okYRnsRxxxJv4wfGA3AqWspArs7I5fjadr2Z7VUu8CzfCvh3DjnzLo7aLe894M85CjNn_2jnSJVL3DKqyGcmKS9d62NzhiZpyxyUz_f1jB5QMDndMKOOq6uKEquFjFnpgsDnFyxBvGylDZZKIKz_uJadKb5PRse1S6Bbsfey7TqHjy2HCKAvxHksTzgB8AvEkMBCdZrTAHCXfC8CcMfXHtQSLffQvjOthbjfOO0xIwNgAYZ5peAgwcldWXV1d6b1MxM350Il4Fqf3Cz0wNFf3i2BUe6Gq8Lhmqn2cVTr80CIuzFohW2YPCUBg2Ed5E7KBTHkIsZN74INQYoMmyNRQ7kxoa6bmPR9vsA6EZbfgOF9JTIdhI46FAQMta_Rtnn4xiYqbBs8osmqhCDUjlwo_YylzSnbH4plzU1JjkosWtTtpYQcdTyNBV572VKLB6wzxSp5o877avuAlkym7H3nV9Wfxu6Wi4k37td2x2L4PsOwe_PcjfxPBbZfZV36D125rJGfnnRgzMHf8LCWlsPtuuPXyd5V6xZeS6zD_naTNhsvCxduG16z27HdUV01VWvaW3VJZaHb9ziXsteVdGkKo9EHlmnX3m_QnWfJyByeLQVbHP9afNNxgIKpb0fYYedjDiLr_ZafVm8TPSRYBthjAXGLyuZ8l5bRwc9lD7mYx0Y6B5qEMgvpZku5FWeo61Jr8AC5acJ5y8RtkNzPB_o20HR6wK8PduyUjv3H3q2JxsYBFil6vY5o2R5xFZOrf6WCUD17jtUjRm4k2DV_euUXGikdvLiVDSQcWiFzae7o9Liote5M3vT6Z66aI1Rju9Cd5B_WWO5ejwRTLO4qAjx3O_P8vtNSdS3YfOdKwmmeKdDJyfBxRJ7yyCU2tvlDbS7vfCOd_AWb4sFQNzfjU1Nn7iHdo5vrzYTeh7XLbDkw1GuI8DJUOU31i06NpX9pxpVv7t
Damn freelance IT engineers are less than SES.
Even if you become a freelancer because you are fed up with being exploited by SES, if you can't get work on your own and end up using an agency, you will be charged a margin. In the end, freelance agents are slave traders just like SES companies.
Full-time employees have to pay taxes and insurance premiums from what is deducted from their paychecks, but the shitty freelancers have to pay taxes and insurance premiums separately from what is taken from their margin.
So, it's still better to be an SES with a stable income, benefits, and the credit of a full-time employee, and without the hassle of paperwork.
The only way to survive as a freelance IT engineer is to make a name for yourself as a top player in a particular field, so that stable, high-paying jobs will come your way. But such an existence is like Captain Levi, who was looked up to by the ordinary soldiers of the garrison corps. Can he slice the nape of the neck of multiple Titans in an instant with a rotating slash? How many such beings exist?
Most ordinary geniuses would be better off as full-time employees, desperately clinging to their companies even if they are thrown into a firestorm or relegated to the window, owning a service that brings in money even when they are asleep as a manager, selling people as a slaver, or moving to another profession such as a cleaner or a security guard. or move to another occupation such as a janitor or a security guard.
Most Comprehensive Mass Shooter Database - The Violence Project
I’m Japanese. I also speak English a little.
To my knowledge, a common basic assumption under the probabilistic modeling of the data or the relationship between the data is to deal with the input X and the output Y. Most of the probabilistic models esp. machine learning models only consider these two variables.
Regression models treat the maps from X to Y. In the sense of probabilistic modeling, it is about P(Y|X). In this setting, X is seen as the “user-defined” deterministic variable. On the other hand, generative modeling treat both X and Y probabilistically, say P(Y,X). With P(Y,X), we can “generate” data (X,Y) by sampling from it.
アカデミー賞でウィル・スミスが妻(ジェイダ・ピンケット)の病気の件を馬鹿にされ、プレゼンターのクリス・ロックをビンタした件。
暴力が駄目なのは解る。暴力でやり返さなかったクリスが立派なのもわかる。
でも結果ウィルが処分を受け、クリスがお咎めなしで終わったの納得いかない。
ウィル・スミスがビンタした件、日米で温度差があるのは何故なのか？ アメリカ人記者に聞いてみた | ロケットニュース24
rocketnews24.com/2022/03/30/1616848/
日本に伝わりづらい「ウィル・スミスがビンタした件」について / アメリカ在住日本人の話が目からウロコだった | ロケットニュース24
rocketnews24.com/2022/03/31/1617141/
でも、過去には世界的な晴れ舞台、グラミー賞の授賞式でスティービー・ワンダーの身体の件を馬鹿にしたアンディ・ウィリアムス、数年に亘って司会を務めてきたが次の年に降ろされた。
グラミー賞秘話～こんなことあったの知ってます？ | 侍ヤンキースのブログ
ameblo.jp/samurai-yankees/entry-10205069373.html
1977年の第19回のグラミー賞のホスト～アンディ・ウィリアムス
その年のグラミー賞の目玉の一つは受賞式の当日、ナイジェリアにいて当時としては珍しい衛星中継で演奏を披露する予定のスティービー・ワンダー
しかし、本番中にアクシデントが起った。当時の衛星中継の技術がイマイチだったので「Sir Duke(愛するデューク)」を歌い始めたスティービーの映像や音声が乱れ、途切れ途切れに
で、その時、司会をしていたアンディ・ウィリアムス。～彼がふざけた感じでこんなことを言ってしまったのだ。盲目のスティービーに対し
「Stevie, can you see us now?(スティービー。今、僕らが見えるかい？)」
勿論、その言葉は顰蹙を買い、翌年からグラミー賞のホストはジョン・デンバーに代わった。アンディ・ウィリアムスはその後、謝罪のコメントを発表している。
Grammy TV Show Is Smooth but a Bit Silly - The New York Times
www.nytimes.com/1977/02/21/archives/grammy-tv-show-is-smooth-but-a-bit-silly.html
“The 19th Annual Grammy Awards” have been concocted for the recording industry. The production was flawed with technical difficulties, most notably in an elaborate and expensive live‐via‐satellite transmission of Stevie Wonder from Nigeria.
The picture came through well enough, but the sound was thoroughly garbled. Instead of quickly abandoning the project, the producers kept going back to Mr. Wonder in an apparent bid to recoup part of their satellite investment. A flustered Andy,,Williams. the slick host for the affair, found himself asking the blind singercomposer, “If you can't hear me can you see me?” Mr. Williams recovered with a rapid apology.
note.com/nipponcontext/n/nda946921b305
スタンドアップコメディアンは、アメリカ社会唯一の例外として「何を言ってもいい」という特権が認められている。たとえそれが差別的な言辞であっても
コメディアンならTPO問わずどんな場面でも他人の身体を馬鹿にしてOKなの？
コメディアン自身の舞台でなら許される、ってならまだまあ理解できなくもないが。
世界的にも注目される晴れ舞台、米国スーパーボウルのハーフタイムショーに於いて出演するラッパーはダーティな言葉を差し替えてる、TPOを考慮して。
Dr. Dre, Snoop Dogg, Eminem, Mary J. Blige, Kendrick Lamar ＆ 50 Cent FULL Pepsi SB LVI Halftime Show
youtu.be/gdsUKphmB3Y?t=424
2022年12月8日(木)、「2022 増田 Most Useful Bukome of The Year」の最終選考会が開催され、以下の通り決定しました。
毎日身長180超えの夫が皿洗いしてくれてるんだが腰痛いとか台所低すぎなん..身長のある人が洗い物するときは、両足を左右に広げれば楽にできるよ2019/02/08 09:01
＜授賞理由＞ 日本独自のキッチンカウンターの低さに対し、現実的な対応策で増田の腰への負担を下げ、長時間の台所仕事の可能性を高めた。
当該エントリ内に同内容のブコメが複数あったが、投稿時間が最も早いものをMUBoTYとした。
増田のブコメの発展と、ブクマカへの最新ブコメの周知を目的として2022年に創設。文字どおり、増田を代表する“ブコメの賞典”として、日本国内だけでなく海外からも高く評価されています。
第1回目となる今年度のノミネートブコメは、2021年11月1日から2022年10月31日までに増田内で発言された全11111語のブコメ。
ブコメ評論家、ジャーナリスト、有識者からなる11名の選考委員による第一次選考で、上位11語の「11ベストブコメ」が選出され、その中から、同じく選考委員による最終選考投票により、今年度のイヤーカーが決定しました。
“useful”じゃなくて“helpful”のほうが適当なのか？まあ、MHBoTYよりムボティのほうが語呂が良いのでMUBoTYにしとこう。
Such a feeling is coming over me
There is wonder in most every thing I see
Not a cloud in the sky
And I won't be surprised if it's a dream
Everything I want the world to be
Is now coming true especially for me
And the reason is clear it's because you are here
[All](You're) the nearest thing to heaven that I've seen
I'm on the top of the world
Looking down on creation and the only explanation I can find
Is the love that I've found ever since you've been around
[You ???](Your love's) put me at the top of the world.
Something in the wind has [learnt](learned) my name
And it's telling me that things are not the same
In the leaves on the trees and the [churchs](touch) of the breeze
There's a [pleasant](pleasing) sense of happiness for me
There is only one wish on my mind
When this day is through I ??? (hope that I will find)
That the tomorrow [would](will) be just the same for you and me
All I need will be mine if you are here
I'm on the top of the world looking down on creation and the only explanation I can find
Is the love that I've found ever since you've been around
[You ???](Your love's) put me at the top of the world
I'm on the top of the world looking down on creation and the only explanation I can find
Is the love that I've found ever since you've been around
[You ???](Your love's) put me at the top of the world
The staff for the live-action sequel film based on Aoi Hiiragi's Whisper of the Heart (Mimi o Sumaseba) manga posted a new video on Thursday. The rotatable 360° video shows behind-the-scenes footage of Seiji's home in an Italian town, as well as the filming of Seiji's performance, where he plays a cello in a street ensemble performing a rendition of Michio Yamagami's "Tsubasa o Kudasai."
In the original film, Seiji expresses a desire to become an apprentice to a luthier in Cremona, Italy, one of the wrold's most well-known cities for luthiers of orchestral string instruments.
The live-action film was originally slated to open on September 18, 2020, but was delayed to October 14 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Visit: https://www.animepisode.pro/
B＆N調べ今週のビジネスカテゴリ新刊『100 Stocks That a Young Warren Buffett Might Buy: Proven Methods for Buying Stocks and Building Wealth Like Warren Buffet and Charlie Munger』「せやろか」
『You Negotiate Like a Girl: Reflections on a Career in the National Football League』「せやろか」
『When McKinsey Comes to Town: The Hidden Influence of the World's Most Powerful Consulting Firm』「せやろか」
【気になった世界一】
世界一孤立している島 - トリスタンダクーニャ島（イギリス領）：人間が定住する最も近い陸地であるセントヘレナ島から2,429km離れている。ギネス世界記録認定[† 1]。
世界一孤立している島。響きがかっこいい。行きたい。気になって調べてみたら人口は262人。全員知り合いな感じかな。大変そう。
世界最大の地下空間 - サラワクチャンバー（ボルネオ島。マレーシアの旗 マレーシア領）：総延長700m、幅400m、高さ80m。
現在知られている限りで、世界一大きいインパクトクレーター - フレデフォート・ドーム（南アフリカ共和国の旗 南アフリカ共和国）：隕石衝突跡の直径約190km。
規模が桁違い。ヤバい
なんでこんな昔の噴出量がわかるんだ？科学凄い
記録史上最長寿の動物個体（群体を除く） - アイスランドガイの明（ミン）[22][23]
年輪と放射性炭素年代測定に基づく略歴は、1499年生まれ[22]、2006年没[22]。死亡時の年齢は 506～507歳[22]。
2006年にアイスランド沖の大陸棚でイギリスのバンガー大学の気候変動調査チームに採取されてただちに冷凍された[23]約200個体のうちの1個体であり[22][23]、他の個体ともども採取直後に死亡している[23]（※7年後の公表時には『研究チームが年齢調査のために死なせた』と誤解されて批判を浴びた[22]）。同大学所属（当時）の自然地理学者ジェームズ・スコース (James Scourse) [24]が率いる研究チームが2013年に再調査したところ、ありふれて見えたこの個体が1499年生まれであると判明し、採取されて死亡するまでに506年ないし507年の齢を重ねていたことが確認された[22]。これにより、2013年時点の知見において、世界最高齢の動物個体であると断定された[22]。なお、確認された中での最高齢であり、棲息するアイスランドガイの中でこの個体が最高齢であった可能性は「ごくごくわずか」であるとスコースは語る[22]。つまり、おびただしい数の同種が今も生きている中で、たまたま捕まえた200匹ほどの中の1匹が500余歳であったということである。
説明が長い
世界最大の動画共有サービスサイトであるYouTubeにおける、世界一の記録とその記録保持者
Most views for an animal on YouTube（YouTubeで最も視聴された動物〈の個体〉）
事実上の第1位 - アメリカ合衆国の旗米国ニューヨーク市ブルックリンで暮らすラグドール猫「パフ (Puff)」（2019年生まれ）[28][† 6]
2022年4月21日付で 75億3218万0184回という途轍もない動画再生回数を記録し、ギネス世界記録保持者であるビーグル犬「メイモ」の記録（6億9533万2916回）を大幅に更新した。チャンネルは2020年8月29日に始まった "That Little Puff" である[28][† 7]。記録を更新した日のチャンネル登録者数は約870万人であった[28]。
ただ、ギネス世界記録の記述は混乱しているように見え、数字が1桁間違っていない限り、記録の有効範囲は「動物」にまで拡大するはずが、名義は "Most views for an cat on YouTube（YouTubeで最も視聴された猫）" と、「猫」に限定されたものになっており、ビーグルの「メイモ」は記録保持者のままになっている。ゆえに、本項では、パフを事実上の第1位、メイモを名目上の第1位として記載する。
一番再生されている動画見に行ったら熱したフォークをスポンジにあてて溶かしてた。3.7億回。猫はどうした。
まだまだあるが疲れた。
『マイブロークンマリコ』「ぎゃーーーーーーー」「離せオラァ」「感覚ぶっこわれてんじゃねーの」「ひったくりー」「死んでちゃわかんないのよ！」
2022下半期MST（Most Screaming Trailer）
『百花』「いずみーーーーーー」
『七人の秘書 THE MOVIE』「先輩！」「いやああああーーーー」
『月の満ち欠け』「ウンダラジェックシダダラ」（？？聞き取り不能）
『耳をすませば』「いい本なんて書けるわけねぇだろ！」
『ヘルドッグス』「やれよ！」（MIYAVI氏）
『沈黙のパレード』 田口浩正氏が明らかに叫んでいるが、画像のみ
ホラーは別枠
『カラダ探し』「にににに逃げろーーー」
『“それ”がいる森』「何に襲われたんだよ！」
人間を右脳派・左脳派で分類をするのガーとか、クリエイティブは右脳が左脳ガーとか、そう言うのは非科学的以前に、
今時は局在論ではなく全体論だと思うの。ついでに脳腸相関など単一でどうこうではないし、
殆ど脳がないけど、公務員(ホワイトカラー)職に就いて、結婚し子どももいて、44歳まで過ごしてきた男性もいるし、
脳がなく脳幹しかなかった少年も自発呼吸をしつつ12歳まで家族と過ごしていたよ
Meet The Healthy, Functioning Man Who Survived With Almost No Brain. | IFLScience
https://www.iflscience.com/man-tiny-brain-lived-normal-life-31083
When it comes to our brains, does size really matter? One of the biggest myths about the brain is that bigger is always better. But what about those who sit on the extreme end of that scale? How much of our brain do we actually need to survive? Looking through the archives of medical history, there are a number of people with tiny brains, or brains with huge chunks missing entirely, which defy all odds.
In a 2007 Lancet study, doctors described an incredible medical oddity – the 44-year-old civil servant who had lived a normal life despite having an incredibly tiny brain. The French man went into hospital after he experienced weakness in his left leg for two weeks. Doctors were quite surprised when they took scans of his brain and found a huge fluid-filled chamber.
The scans showed that the man had a “massive enlargement of the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles, a very thin cortical mantle and a posterior fossa cyst,” researchers noted in the study. In short, while fluid normally circulates throughout the brain, it’s regularly drained. But instead of draining the fluid into the circulatory system, the fluid in this man’s brain built up. Eventually, the accumulation of fluid resulted in only a tiny amount of actual brain material.
The man’s medical history showed that he had to get a shunt inserted into his head as an infant to get rid of the buildup of fluid on the brain, known as hydrocephalus. The shunt was eventually removed when at age 14, he complained of left leg weakness and some unsteadiness. The man went on to live a normal life and he got married and had two children. Tests showed that he had an IQ of 75 which, though below the average of 100, is not considered a mental disability.
“What I find amazing to this day is how the brain can deal with something which you think should not be compatible with life,” Dr. Max Muenke, from the National Human Genome Research Institute, told Reuters.
Earlier last year, IFLScience reported on the ninth known case of someone living without a cerebellum. This is the part of the brain that controls a number of important functions such as balance, motor movements and motor learning. The 24-year-old Chinese woman went into a hospital complaining of nausea and vertigo, and doctors discovered that she suffered from a rare condition known as cerebellar agenesis.
In another case, 12-year-old Trevor Judge Waltrip shocked medical professionals when he survived as long as he did with only his brain stem. Trevor passed away last year after going his entire life without a brain. He suffered from a rare condition called hydranencephaly, whereby the cerebral hemispheres are replaced entirely with cerebrospinal fluid. People with hydranencephaly usually survive for up to 12 weeks, which made Trevor’s case so remarkable. He was able to breathe on his own and respond to stimuli, but was blind and unable to communicate.
These cases show not only the adaptability and resilience of the human brain, but also how little we know about one of our most important organs. Cases like this force neuroscientists to rethink how we view the brain, particularly what functions different regions have and how the brain adapts when these regions become damaged.
これは、いろいろと考えさせられるいい文章だと思った。永井陽右という青年を振り回すかのように語る内田樹。こういうマウントは嫌いじゃない。
ただ、内田が、
「感情の器」って、あくまでも個人的な身体条件のようなものだから。
というとき、何か逃げた回答のような印象を受けた。
たとえそれが自分の中から湧き出す内発的なものだとしても、大昔にアダム・スミスが道徳感情論で追求したように、何かのテコで共鳴し、社会の規範を構成するに至るメカニズムが何かしらあるんだろうと俺には思えてならない。
そういう感覚を身に着けるのにどうすればいいかと問うた永井氏に、家風だとか、弟子入りだとか、そんな表現を内田氏がするのは、けむに巻いているようにしか思えなかった。
家風にしても弟子入りにしても、そのつながり方が、社会規範にむすびつくメカニズムがあるはずだ。
アレックス・カーが20年前に書いた本で『犬と鬼』という著作がある。
おりしも建設省に代表される特別会計の闇が浮き彫りになった時代。
アメリカの7倍のコンクリートを使って日本の山河をコンクリートで固めようとしていた、公共事業のあり方に疑問を呈した名著。
その『犬と鬼』のなかでカーは、そんな日本に至った問題を解明するヒントは「徳の逆説」にあるという。
「徳の逆説」というのは、国家も人も同様に、自分たちに最も欠けている資質を最も高く評価する傾向があるという、カーが常々思っている真理を彼なりに名付けたものだ。
A・カーは、フェアプレイの精神といいつつ、七つの海を支配した大英帝国の事例、平等を錦の御旗にしていた共産主義者のトップが黒海に豪奢な別荘を保有し、人民は実質的に農奴と変わらない生活だったというソ連の例などを挙げつつ、最後に、和を貴ぶ日本人がなぜ明治の開国後、対外侵略に夢中になったかという精神性に触れてゆく。
「徳の逆説」は、身近なところでも当てはまる。口うるさい親や上司の説教がブーメランに思えてならない、という経験は誰もがしているはず。そして気が付くと俺も親父と同じことを子供に、という連鎖。
最近、想起するのはやはり旧統一教会。家族の価値を高らかに謳いあげておきながら、その活動が原因で多くの家族が崩壊している、といった、「おまゆう」問題。崩壊させているがゆえにますます高まる家庭の価値、という悪循環。これもA・カーのいう「徳の逆説」が見事に当てはまる。これは人が自分自身を規律しようとするときの動機付けのメカニズムなのだ。
内田と永井の議論のテーマのひとつである人権・平等。あたかも普遍的な原理についても、
それを概念として具体化して社会が取り込んだ過程を決して忘れてはならない。
アメリカの建国者の一人、トーマスジェファーソンは人権宣言を起草した当時、200人以上も奴隷を抱えていた。
これは矛盾というよりも、むしろ奴隷制にどっぷりと漬かっていたからこそ人権宣言が生まれたという「徳の逆説」のメカニズムを見るべきだろう。
どんなに薄汚れた社会であっても、一度高らかに掲げた理想は、その社会を真綿で絞めてゆく。欲望大全開の人民を前提にすると、民主政は成り立つのか。多数決をすれば少数者が圧政に苦しむのではないか、これがマディソン含め、建国者の懸念だった。しかし、為政者の徳（アリストクラシー）と、欲望とは別に社会で正しいと思うことに投票する、二重人格的な資質が人民に備わっていると信じて建国者はデモクラシーを設計した。裁判を通じ、繰り返し憲法の価値観をテストする、という振り返りをビルトインした設計は本当に優れたものだ。結果として、最高裁が突き付けた奴隷制と財産権の矛盾が、南北戦争の北軍の正当性を決定的にする。
内田の議論に戻ると、外付けの人権というテーマと同時に、内発的なものとしての感情の器という、とても重要なキーワードを出している。それは他方で外付け実装された人権と、どのような整理ができるのだろうか。
「人としてどうふるまうべきか」を子どもに刷り込むのは「家風」なんですよ。子どもたちは親の背中を見て、人間としての生き方を学ぶ。それは教科書で教えることじゃない。
これは、親子を中心とした自分史と言い換えられるのではないかと思った。さらにいえば、自分史は必ずしも親は関係ないかもしれないのではないか。つまりこれまでの人生、来し方がキーなのでは。
内発的なものと外付けのもの、この二つはやはり、きちんと切り分けて、そして二つが、どうつながってゆくのか。以下、自分なりに整理を試みる。
舶来の概念というのは明治以来、洪水のように入った。民法など契約法の世界は、ほぼほぼ圧倒されたし、戦後は憲法そのものがアメリカの経験に基づいたものだ。
しかし、日本の人権教育は、残念なことに、人権の普遍性を論証することに熱を上げてしまって、そもそも誰の内発的な経験がもとになっていたかという成り立ちのメカニズムを忘れた議論が多い。公共の福祉論などをいくら学説や定義を整理してきれいに論じても、だから何？の議論だった。
戦後、人権を外付け実装してきた日本は、そのルールや規範の成り立ちといった背景をもう少し知る必要がある。それは教養として。
今現在、旧統一教会問題で話題の、国家と宗教というテーマにしてもそうだ。
政教分離のキーワードとなるのは、恐怖からの解放だ。宗教に悩まされ、その扱いに苦慮するのは古今東西の課題だ。宗教といかに折り合いをつけた制度設計をするか、古代ローマ時代からずっと抱えてきた。宗教的寛容、これが統治のカギだと気が付いたのはカルタゴに勝利した古代ローマ。
そのテーマに対して、新天地アメリカに到着したプロテスタントたちの子孫が18世紀になってメイフラワー号の協約を思い出して試みたのは、旧世界では試みたことのない壮大な社会実験だった。百家争鳴な多様性のなかで社会を構成するには、誰が正しいことを言っているのかは誰も断定できない、という前提に立つ必要が再確認された。それが言論の自由の関係では、20世紀初頭にホームズ裁判官らに代表されるように、自由市場の比喩が生まれる背景ともなった。
他方、旧世界のフランスでは、唯一の正しさを神に代わって宣言するカトリック教会の権威と苛烈な弾圧が恐怖であった。だから公共空間の合理化を徹底し、宗教を一掃する制度設計になった。フランスの言論の自由は、その意味でカトリックを否定する権利が原点となる経験なのだ。だからこそ、フランスでは今でも神を冒涜する言論というのが非常に重要な意味をもっていて、先日、仏風刺紙シャルリー編集長が英作家ラシュディ氏襲撃を非難したことの歴史的な背景は深い。
このように、人権というものは、何に対して恐怖してきた歴史があり、生まれてきたものなのか、という原点に思いを致すことが大切だし考えるコツだ。利他性じゃなくね。
それは、実は国によって微妙にコンテクストが異なるものであり、普遍的価値として昇華できなくもないけれども、むしろ司法を通じて、原点となった恐怖を大切に思い出す機会が重要で、その社会が、その真理を繰り返し確信し、制度を強化し、再生産する重要な仕組みなのだと思う。逆に言うと、普遍的な価値なら、なぜ何千年も克服できなかったかの意味を問うというか。
しかし、外付けの倫理として受け取ったものを、思い出すかのように歴史を振り返るのは容易ではない。戦後の日本の裁判所も含めて。
でも、それこそが日本の人権教育に欠如したものだということは個人的には強く思うところだ。
その意味では、外付けではない、外国の借り物ではない、内発的なもの、感情の器からみえてくる倫理、これは本当に大きな価値がある。
内発的なものを自省するうえで、もっとも大切なのは、自分の国や自分の家族、自分自身の歴史だと俺は思う。
自分や自分の先祖が痛い目にあってきた経験、あるいは他者を痛めにあわせてきた経験というのは、その人固有のものであって、その自分史や国の歴史を忘れてしまうと、あとは外付けの倫理だけが残る。国レベルで言えば、それは端的に明治以降の日本のアジアや欧米との対外関係であり、開国以降、アメリカに敗北するまでの戦争に明け暮れた体験に他ならないし、国家神道によって死生観まで国に洗脳されかけた手痛い経験だ。
歴史というと大げさだが、要するに「自分たちに最も欠けている資質を最も高く評価する」、おまゆう精神を自覚することだ。これは教養として学ぶというよりも、もう少し内省的なものだと思う。
自分が理想とするものと現実とのギャップを振り返る作業といってもいい。
自分に欠けている部分、そこにこそ追い求めている何か理想的な姿の反転がある、という振り返り。
ネイションとしていえば、戦争体験の振り返りが重要なキーになるし、国家と宗教というのは、国家神道と戦争という経験で痛い目をみているのであり、ある意味、輸入された欧米の経験を教養として追体験するだけではなく、日本人が原体験としてもっていた大切な教訓。愛媛県靖国神社玉串料訴訟(1997年）の最高裁判決は行政が戦没者の遺族の援護行政のために靖国神社などに対し玉串料を支出したことを違憲とした歴史的な判決で、戦争の経験がしっかり振り返えられた、という点で、司法の仕事としてとても大きなものを残したと思う。建国の精神を振り返るのが裁判所の仕事の一つだと思う。
しかし、戦後77年。戦争体験が風化するなかで、「あの時代を生き抜いた」という共通の体験、共通項として持っていたものがどんどん失われているのが今の時代。
50年前の高度成長期だったら、戦争で死んだ部下を思い出しながら、仕事にまい進し、酒場で同期の仲間と語り合う、とか、厳粛に生きるための厳粛な死が記憶としてあった。
「あの頃は」という共通の過去で人はつながることができた。それが内発的なものとして60年安保闘争を支え、水俣の闘争があった。外付けの倫理ではない、思い出としての切実さの空気の共有があった。
つまり、舶来の外付けの価値観と内発的な器は、その頃はわりと調和していた、といえるのだ。
それが、失われ、外付けの価値観だけが、カラカラと空回りし始めているのが今の時代の特徴で、失われつつある寛容性の正体なのだろう。
永井氏はそんな時代に生まれ育った。彼は対談のなかで、大学時代に
と、外付けの人権から始まったと語っているが、外付けのものにも普遍性のみに着目し、それが生まれてきたプロセスを振り返らない、人権教育の失敗が見て取れる。
また、日本国憲法に組み込まれた歴史への反省（前文含め）も記憶の風化とともに、個々人の内省が、時代への共鳴という形で、共感を醸成しなくなってしまっている。
それはかろうじて80年代までは存在していた。「おしん」が異例の1年間の朝ドラで始まってしばらくすると、
視聴者からは、おしんは私自身そのものです、という声が橋田壽賀子のもとに多数届いたという。
しかし、時代は変わって、平成から令和になって「あの頃」といえば、昭和の末期なのだ。
しかもそれをノスタルジックに思い出す、三丁目の夕日的な振り返りだった。さらには、あさま山荘であり、学歴社会、バイクを盗んで走る尾崎豊であり、バブルの思い出なのだ。それは、その遺産に苦しんだ次の世代にとっては共感を呼びにくいものであるし、自分たちの社会の重圧と、戦争の記憶との関連が薄まった。当然、日本国憲法のリアリティが失われ、右派から改憲論議が盛り上がってくるのは必然的なことだった。そんななか、統一教会が国の内部を白アリのように巣くって愕然とした先月から今月にかけての出来事というのは、忘れかけた宗教と国家の結びつきの恐ろしさを、突如呼び覚まされるものだったに違いない。
しかし、いずれにしても過去の記憶と憲法の規範が直接に結び付かない、その世代の経験、そこに、永井が紛争国の辺境の地を自分のテーマに選んだヒントがあるように思えてならない。
紛争のリアルがそこにある。そこに普遍的価値として大学生のときに知った人権、そして憲法の価値を、自分なりの振り返りとして再確認する、動機付けがあったようにも思う。
しかし、たとえ社会の人々と共有されないものであったとしても、ひとは自分史のなかで、どうふるまうべきかを動機付けられる。
私は逆に、子どもの頃はよく母親に殴られたり色々と物を捨てられたりされていて、そのときに「この家では力を持った奴は殴ったり物を捨てたりしていいんだな」と思ってしまったんです。そして中学生になって殴られたときに「よく見たら小さいし別に喧嘩が強いわけでもないな」ということに気が付きまして。それでそこからは自分が母親のことを殴りまくるようになりました。ひどい時はアザだらけでしたよね。父親も単身赴任でしたし。
といったときに、内田はそこにしっかりと気が付くべきだったと思う。
「全然、人権派じゃないね（笑）。」と返した内田に若干物足りなさを感じたのは、まさにそこだ。
動機付けられるものが、必ずしも、家風であったり、模範的なロールモデルとは限らないのだ。
この体験と辺境の地での人権探し、自分探しは、多分無関係ではない。
読んだのは20年前だが、年齢を重ねれば重ねるほど、彼のいう、逆徳精神の考え方が真理に思えてくる。
A clue to the problem may be found in what I call the theory of Opposite Virtues. Nations, like people in this respect, may pride themselves most highly on the quality they most lack. Hence “fair play” is a golden virtue in Great Britain, the country that attacked and subjugated half the globe. “Equality” was the banner of Soviet Russia, where commissars owned lavish dachas on the Black Sea and the proletariat lived no better than serfs. The United States prides itself on its high “moral standard,” while perpetuating racial and moral double standards. And then there is l’amour in France, a nation of cold-blooded rationalists. Or Canadians priding themselves most on being so distinctively “Canadian.” In Japan we must look at the time-honored ideal of Wa, “peace.” Wa means security, stability, everything in its proper place, “knowing what is enough.”Yet a persistent irony of Japanese history since 1868 is that for all the emphasis on peace and harmony, they are exactly the virtues that Japan did not pursue. At the end of the nineteenth century, rather than settling back to enjoy its new prosperity, Japan embarked on a campaign to conquer and colonize its neighbors. By the 1930s, it had already acquired a tremendous empire in East Asia; this inability to stop led to its suicidal attack on the U.S. base at Pearl Harbor, as a result of which it lost everything. Something similar is happening again. Perhaps Japan values Wa so highly for the very reason that it has such a strong tendency toward imbalance and uncontrollable extremes.
自民Twitter炎上で注目 「ダーウィンの進化論」とは：東京新聞 TOKYO Web
ダーウィンは「生き残ることができるのは変化できる者である」とは言わなかった。英語で流布しているのはこうである。
It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is most adaptable to change.
The evolution of a misquotation | Darwin Correspondence Project には、この誤った引用の由来が解き明かされている。これをうけた日本語の記事もある。
じつはこれはダーウィンの言葉ではない。彼の考えでさえないのだ。科学史家の調査によれば、これは元々1960年代に米国の経営学者レオン・メギンソンがダーウィンの考えを独自に解釈して論文中に記した言葉であった。それを他者が引用を重ねるうち少しずつ変化して、最後にダーウィンの言葉として誤って伝えられるに至ったものである。
では、どういう考えを解釈していたのだろうか。すくなくとも、こうは書いている。
ある土地にすむ生物の多くが変化し改良されているとしたら、競争の原理と生物相互の関係をめぐる重要な原理により、あまり変化せず改良されなかった生物種は消滅させられる定めにあることが理解できる。そういうわけで、長い目で見ると、同じ地域にすむすべての種はなぜ最終的には変化するのかという理由がわかってくる。変わらない種は絶滅してしまうからなのだ。（強調引用者）
原文では
When many of the inhabitants of any area have become modified and improved, we can understand, on the principle of competition, and from the all-important relations of organism to organism in the struggle for life, that any form which did not become in some degree modified and improved, would be liable to extermination. Hence we see why all the species in the same region do at last, if we look to long enough intervals of time, become modified, for otherwise they would become extinct. （強調引用者）
