  |
はてなキーワード: ENABLEとは
ネットにはつながるのに
となるとき
http://geekostyle.blogspot.jp/2016/02/4-ways-to-fix-network-icon-shows-not.html
Open registry editor
Right Click on Network List by navigating HKey_Local_Machine\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\NetworkList
The tick the box "replace all child object permissions with inheritable permissions from this object"
私はコミットログの書き方に悩む英語の苦手な人間である。実際、似たような人は世の中に結構いるようで、頻出単語を集計したりまとめたものは既にあって役に立つのだけれど、これらはあくまで単語の話であり、具体的な文を構成する過程でやっぱり困る部分がかなりあった。
要するに、どういう時にどういう文が使われているのか、ということを示した例文集が欲しいのである。ググると他にも「例文集があればいいのに」みたいな声はあるくせして、しかし誰も作ろうとしない。何なんだお前ら。それじゃ私が楽できないじゃないか。
ここで挙げているコミットログは全て実際のコミットログからの転載である。当然ながら各コミットログの著作権はそれぞれの書き手にある。いずれも各英文でググれば出てくるし、フェアユースの範囲なら許してくれるだろうと考え名前とプロジェクト名は割愛したが、ここにお詫びと感謝を述べておきたい。
抽出条件だが、参考にできそうなコミットログを多く含んでいそうなリポジトリをGitHubのSTARの多い方からざっと目で見て適当に選び、それぞれ最新コミットから5000件抽出した（あわせて前処理として、コミットログ冒頭のタグ情報は消去した）。
atomのみ5400件抽出していたため、計25400件のコミットログがベースである。このうち、以下の条件に合致するものは参考例にすべきでないとして一律排除した。
こうして残った8540件を眺めながら、適当に切り出したのがこの用例集である。個人的に「うーんこの」と思った表現も、散見される場合は載せた。
ということで、以下用例を羅列していく。
以上の用例をふまえ、今回の参考ログ8540件から先頭の単語を出現回数で並べると次のようになった。
| Add | 1149 |
| Fix | 1014 |
| Update | 584 |
| Remove | 566 |
| Use | 382 |
| Don't | 260 |
| Make | 228 |
| Move | 178 |
| Change | 103 |
| Rename | 85 |
| Improve | 76 |
| Avoid | 68 |
| Allow | 65 |
| Implement | 60 |
| Handle | 58 |
コミットログの基本形はもちろん動詞 + 名詞である。名詞は固有名詞、複数形、不可算名詞が多いが、単数形の場合の冠詞は a が使われるか、あるいは省略される。the はまず使われない。
何かを追加した、という表現では非常に広く Add が使われる。メソッドからテスト、ドキュメントに至るまで大概これでまかなえる。
一方、何かを修正した、という表現では広く Fix が使われる。「何か」は typo や crash といった単語からメソッド名まで幅広い名詞を取るが、動名詞はあまり取らないのと、that節は取らないのでその点は注意が必要である。
Fix は「何かが正しく動くようにした」ことを示し、正しい動作内容が何かを説明しない。そこで正しい動作内容に言及したい場合は Make sure が使われる（こちらはthat節が取れる）。ただし Fix よりもニュアンス的に重い表現と思われ、Fix を使わず Make sure ばかり使うのはちょっとキモいのではないかと思う（Ensure はさらに重い表現っぽい）。
また、Fix は typo 以外でのドキュメント修正に対して使われることは稀である。対して Update はドキュメント、コメント、テストに使われ、本体のコードの修正に対しては使われない。本体コードの修正にあわせてテストも更新したなら Update が使われる。ただ、テスト機構それ自体のバグを修正したなら Fix である。
無駄な何かを単純に除去したなら Remove を使う。これまでのもの(A)から別のもの(B)に切り替えたのであれば Use B instead of A か Change A to B が使われる。新たに何かを利用するようにしたのであれば Use を、利用を取りやめた場合は Don't use を使うことが多い。
何かをしないようにしたなら Don't を、内部実装の効率化なら Make A + 比較級/形容詞 か Improve が使われる。
中身の変更を伴わない単なる名前の変更なら Rename A to B、コードや機能の論理上の場所を移動させたなら Move A to B である。
この辺はリファクタリングと呼ばれる行為と思うが、Refactor というぼんやりした動詞はあまり使われず、このように変更内容の種類に応じて動詞が使い分けられている。
コミットログにはWhyを書くべきだ、というのを何かで見かけたので because とか since を使ったログがどの程度あるかを調べたが、8540件のうち22件だった。基本的に短く、シンプルに、一目で意味が取れるログが好まれる傾向がある。例えば get rid of とか2件しか使われておらず、圧倒的に remove である。
一方で、シンプルな単語だけど開始単語としては使われないものもある。例えば次のような単語である。Expand(9)、Extend(8)、Print(5)、Optimize(5)、Publish(4)、Append(4)、Modify(3)、Manage(2)、Revise(2)、Dump(2)、Insert(2)、Migrate(2)、Enhance(1)、Edit(1) 。いずれもカッコ内は8540件に対する冒頭での登場回数である。結局、より一般的で平易な単語で表せたり、Refactor同様に抽象度が高すぎると使われないのだろう。
8000件もログを見たおかげで、迷いなくコミットメッセージが思いつくようになったのが個人的には今回書いてて最大の収穫だった。たぶんカンニングペーパーを作る行為それ自体が効率のいい学習になるという話と同じだと思う。
このまとめも100以上用例を転載してあるので、それを読むだけでも多少は効果があるんじゃないかと思う。同じようにコミットログ書きたくねぇなぁ英語わっかんねぇなぁと思っている人にとって、何か役に立つところがあれば幸いである。
もうマジ最低だ。眠りが浅いせいもあるだろうが最近はほぼ毎日３時半ぐらいに起こされる。
警告しておく。デスクトップPCでスリープを使ってるやつは絶対にwin10にしたらダメだ。
ノートは知らん。
俺は情報工学系の学部を出て１０年ぐらいプログラマーをやってる人間だが、
何をしてもなおせなかった。
俺より詳しいやつなら直せるのかもしれんが、自信がない奴はやめておけ。
他の会社の同僚や友人は全員win10にしていないが、それが正解だと思う。
ちなみにググると同様の報告がたくさんあった。
調べずにアップグレードしたのは俺のミスだが、試しに使ってみたかったのと
すぐに戻せるように別パーティションにクリーンインストールして、win7とデュアルブートできるようにしてあるから
軽い気持ちで入れてみただけだ。
もう使わねーよバーカ！！ということでwin7に戻す。
ちなみに俺がやった対策は以下の通りだ。直ってないのだから、何の情報にもならないかもしれないが、一応書いておく。
電源オプションの「スリープ解除タイマー」を無効にするというやつだ。
当然直らないので、次にイベントログでスリープまわりのログを見てみた。
どうやらwin10はスリープした数秒後には必ず「システムがスリープ状態から再開されました。」という紛らわしいログが出るようだ。
最初はこれが原因かと思いいろいろと無駄な時間を費やしたが、結局これは関係なかった。
それと、スリープから復帰する時は毎回システム時刻をハードウェアクロックと同期してるログが出るが、
これは手動で復帰させた時も毎回まっさきに出てるので関係なし。
タスクスケジューラで全項目をひとつひとつ見ていったが、俺の場合は
「UpdateOrchestrator」の「Reboot」の「タスクを実行するためにスリープを解除する」
のチェックが入っていたので、外した。もちろん直ってない。
windowsアップデートが悪さしてるという報告もネットではよく見かけるが、
俺の場合はログに何も出ていないし、アップデート検知時にスリープから復帰する設定にもなっていないので、関係なし。
その他確認したこと。
自動メンテナンスでスリープ解除を許可するという項目があるが、最初からチェックは付いていなかった。
ネットワークカードからの信号で勝手に復帰するという情報もあったが、俺のNICにはそういう設定はなかった。
NIC以外のデバイスで「電源の管理」という設定があるデバイスはマウスとキーボードのみだったが、
これらはスリープから復帰する時に使ってるので、これらから復帰できなくなると利便性が下がるので、変更しない。
ここからは俺の推測だが、この問題はもう直らないんじゃないか？
なぜなら、win10が出てかなり経っており、ネットでもそれなりに言及されていることから
マイクロソフトも把握してからかなり経っているが、それでも直る気配が微塵もないからだ。
それとwin7やwin8と比べてスリープからの復帰が若干速くなったという情報も見かけることから、
スリープまわりの動作がまるっと変更されてると見て良い。
ということで寝室にデスクトップPCを置いていて、かつスリープを使う人限定だが、Windows10はおすすめしない。
追記：2016/05/09 21:02
id:enhanky すでに書いているが、タスクスケジューラの全項目をひとつひとつ確認したんだが、ダメだった。
そもそも俺のwin10には Microsoft\\Windows\Media Center が無い。
powercfg -waketimers コマンドは
になる。
スリープから勝手に復帰する原因がたくさんある中で、まさかピンポイントで正解を当てるやつが居ることにビビったわ。
いや、まだ１晩しか様子を見てないから、本当に合ってるかはわからないけど、少なくとも今日は良く眠れた。
あの「ヴぁっ」って音で起きちゃわないか怖かった。
デバイスマネージャのネットワークアダプタのプロパティの詳細設定で Wake On Magic Packet と Wake On Pattern Match っていう設定項目がEnableになってたから
Disableにしたら、いけたっぽい。
ネットワークアダプタの設定に「電源の管理」って項目がなかったから、てっきり関係ないのかと思ってた。
あと気になったブコメに返信。
Windows Updateは関係なかったって上でも書いてるのに、３時半というとこだけ見て馬鹿にしてるやつなんなの？
自動メンテナンスでスリープ解除される設定になってないって言ってるじゃん。
シャットダウンしろとか言ってるやつ。確かにSSDだから起動は速いけど、スリープからの復帰に比べたらぜんぜん遅いし、巡回してるサイトや作業途中のものを開いたままにしてたりするから、スリープが便利なんだよ。
休止状態という設定ができるのは知らなかったので参考になった。
あとマイクロソフトに言いたいんだが、何のためのイベントログだよ？！
NICが原因でスリープから復帰してるなら、ログに残せよなー。ログに残ってさえいればこんなに苦労しなかったのに。
それと、設定変更画面へのアクセスが悪すぎる。何回も見直したのに、もう例えば自動メンテナンスの設定変更画面に検索以外でどうやったらたどり着けるのかわかんねーよ。
powercfg -devicequery wake_armed ってコマンドもキーボードとマウス以外出てないからNICが原因だとすぐにわからなかったし。
というわけで、解決したっぽいけど、やっぱりwin10はおすすめしない！
追記：2016/05/13 3:30
みんな大好きPostgreSQL。
複数DBマルチテナントシステムを構築するなら忘れてはいけないコネクションプーリング。
大量コネクションを扱うなら都度forkやpre-fork式ではちょっと辛い、イベントベースが好ましい。
もうお分かりですね。pgbouncer1.6の話題です。
PostgreSQL界隈では有名なコネクションプーリングの実装が2つあります。 pgpool-II と pgbouncer。
ざっくり言うと高機能の pgpool-II に対して、軽量・大規模向けの pgbouncer という棲み分けがあると言えるでしょう。
pgpool-II は最近は日本の トレジャーデータ社の Prestogres ( https://github.com/treasure-data/prestogres ) という痺れるようなプロジェクトのベースとして採用されていることで名前を聞いたことのある方もいるのではないでしょうか。
pgbouncer は少し古いですが LastFM( http://www.lastfm.jp/user/Russ/journal/2008/02/21/zd_postgres_connection_pools:_pgpool_vs._pgbouncer )の事例が有名でしょう。Instagram も使ってますネ。
pgbouncerは現行のバージョンは1.5系で、最新は1.5.5です。1.6系は8月1日にリリースされ、複数DBマルチテナントシステムに向けた大規模な機能強化が行われています。
この1.6系では複数DBマルチテナントシステム開発者にとって嬉しい機能がたくさん搭載される予定です。本番運用に投入する前に一足お先にリリースノートを読んで夢を感じましょう。
本バージョン、2013年ぐらいからリリースノートは準備されているのにさっぱりリリースされなくて関係者をやきもきさせていました。（想像）
本記事では以下のリリースノートをもとにザックリ読み解いたものです。
http://pgbouncer.github.io/2015/08/pgbouncer-1-6/
・接続ユーザーやパスワードハッシュをDBからロードできるようになった
・プーリングモードの設定をデータベース毎、ユーザー毎に設定できるようになった
・データベース毎、ユーザー毎にコネクションの最大接続数を制御できるようになった
・新しいコネクション確立を避けるための DISABLE/ENABLE コマンドが追加された
・新しい推奨のDNSバックエンド c-ares が追加された
・設定ファイルに include ディレクティブを追加した
新しく以下のパラメータが追加された
1.5までのpgbouncerは userlist.txt というテキストに静的に接続ユーザを書かなければいけませんでした。
これは動的に接続先ユーザーが増えるようなマルチテナントシステムを構築するのに不向きという事です。
タイトルがすべてを物語ってます。柔軟にできますねぇ('∀`)
ただ、私にはちょっと有用な利用シーンが思いつかなかったです。
たとえば分析用ユーザーではトランザクションなんて使わないので statement モードにしてコネクションの消費を抑えたりできるという事でしょうか。
max_db_connections と max_user_connections という設定が追加されます。
テナント毎にユーザーを分けているような複数DBマルチテナントシステムにとって必須といえる機能です。
特定のユーザーのリクエストにコネクションをすべて占有されてしまい、他のユーザーにサービスできないという事態を避けることができるようになるでしょう。
特定のデータベースの新しいコネクション確立を抑止・再開することができます。
c-ares は名前解決の非同期化を行うためのライブラリです。c-aresは名前解決をブロックしないし、いろいろな方式の名前解決に対応している唯一のプロダクトとのこと。
名前解決をブロッキングしてしまうようではpgbouncerのような大規模向けシステムでは役に立たないのだというpgbouncerの強い意志を感じる。
というか、ドキュメントを見る限り pgbouncer は名前解決にかなりこだわりを持っているらしい。それだけそこが重要ということでしょう
（個人的には困ったことがないのでそこまでだわる理由はよくわからない。）。
UNIXドメインソケットで接続しているクライアントと、TCPまたはUNIXドメインソケットで接続しているサーバーでremote_pidを取得できるようになりました。
tcp serverの場合、pid はキャンセルキーから取得できる。（？ドキュメントから意味が読み取れず）
キャンセルキーとは何でしょうね。ちょっとリリースノートからは判断できませんでした。
pg_cancel_backend とかに使えるPIDだよという事なのでしょうか。
DBの数なんてもはや何台あるかわからない。ホスト名の解決はもはやDNSで行っておるよという皆様にとって必須の機能。
…なのでしょうが、ちょっとこの機能が必要となるようなシステムとはどんなものなのか、私も未経験なのでよくわからないです。
この設定は application_name_add_host=on にすることで有効となる。
今や接続元アプリケーション名がWebだとかBatchだとか区別できるだけで問題が解決するような時代ではない。
どのホスト(ポート)レベルで区別しないと。という事なんだろう。
「おお、Webサーバーから死ぬほど重いクエリが飛んでる、今すぐ調べないと！で、どのWebサーバーよ？100台あるんだぜ」みたいなときに助かりますね。
設定ファイルが大規模化してくると、切り出して整理したいという要望はどうしてもでてくるもの。
データベース毎、ユーザー毎に設定できる項目が増えてきたので必要になったという事でしょう。
以降はバグフィックスとかクリーンアップだとかで自分はあまり興味がないので各自読むように。
本番運用に突撃するPostgreSQL界の猛者の報告待ってます。
お前らはひどい。俺が真剣に悩んでるのに
いやみったらしいエントリを入れて
こういう光景を以前どこかで見たことがある。
原因[実行を高速化するopcacheが原因、なんか知らんがデフォルトでオン
opcache.enable=1 これを0にすると即時反映されるけど高速化がなくなる
opcache.validate_timestamps=1 これを1にすると以下の項目を参照にいく
opcache.revalidate_freq ここで設定した値の間、実行したphpをキャッシュする
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/19073270/stop-caching-for-php-5-5-3-in-mamp
https://www.scalingphpbook.com/best-zend-opcache-settings-tuning-config/
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Digital cameras are made in a wide range of sizes, prices and capabilities. The majority are camera phones, operated as a mobile application through the cellphone menu. Professional photographers and many amateurs use larger, more expensive digital single-lens reflex cameras (DSLR) for their greater versatility. Between these extremes lie digital compact cameras and bridge digital cameras that "bridge" the gap between amateur and professional cameras. Specialized cameras including multispectral imaging equipment and astrographs continue to serve the scientific, military, medical and other special purposes for which digital photography was invented.
Subcompact with lens assembly retracted
Compact cameras are designed to be tiny and portable and are particularly suitable for casual and "snapshot" uses. Hence, they are also called point-and-shoot cameras. The smallest, generally less than 20 mm thick, are described as subcompacts or "ultra-compacts" and some are nearly credit card size.[2]
Most, apart from ruggedized or water-resistant models, incorporate a retractable lens assembly allowing a thin camera to have a moderately long focal length and thus fully exploit an image sensor larger than that on a camera phone, and a mechanized lens cap to cover the lens when retracted. The retracted and capped lens is protected from keys, coins and other hard objects, thus making it a thin, pocketable package. Subcompacts commonly have one lug and a short wrist strap which aids extraction from a pocket, while thicker compacts may have two lugs for attaching a neck strap.
Compact cameras are usually designed to be easy to use, sacrificing advanced features and picture quality for compactness and simplicity; images can usually only be stored using lossy compression (JPEG). Most have a built-in flash usually of low power, sufficient for nearby subjects. Live preview is almost always used to frame the photo. Most have limited motion picture capability. Compacts often have macro capability and zoom lenses but the zoom range is usually less than for bridge and DSLR cameras. Generally a contrast-detect autofocus system, using the image data from the live preview feed of the main imager, focuses the lens.
Typically, these cameras incorporate a nearly silent leaf shutter into their lenses.
For lower cost and smaller size, these cameras typically use image sensors with a diagonal of approximately 6 mm, corresponding to a crop factor around 6. This gives them weaker low-light performance, greater depth of field, generally closer focusing ability, and smaller components than cameras using larger sensors.
Starting in 2011, some compact digital cameras can take 3D still photos. These 3D compact stereo cameras can capture 3D panoramic photos for play back on a 3D TV.[3] Some of these are rugged and waterproof, and some have GPS, compass, barometer and altimeter. [4]
Main article: Bridge camera
Bridge are higher-end digital cameras that physically and ergonomically resemble DSLRs and share with them some advanced features, but share with compacts the use of a fixed lens and a small sensor. Like compacts, most use live preview to frame the image. Their autofocus uses the same contrast-detect mechanism, but many bridge cameras have a manual focus mode, in some cases using a separate focus ring, for greater control. They originally "bridged" the gap between affordable point-and-shoot cameras and the then unaffordable earlier digital SLRs.
Due to the combination of big physical size but a small sensor, many of these cameras have very highly specified lenses with large zoom range and fast aperture, partially compensating for the inability to change lenses. On some, the lens qualifies as superzoom. To compensate for the lesser sensitivity of their small sensors, these cameras almost always include an image stabilization system to enable longer handheld exposures.
These cameras are sometimes marketed as and confused with digital SLR cameras since the appearance is similar. Bridge cameras lack the reflex viewing system of DSLRs, are usually fitted with fixed (non-interchangeable) lenses (although some have a lens thread to attach accessory wide-angle or telephoto converters), and can usually take movies with sound. The scene is composed by viewing either the liquid crystal display or the electronic viewfinder (EVF). Most have a longer shutter lag than a true dSLR, but they are capable of good image quality (with sufficient light) while being more compact and lighter than DSLRs. High-end models of this type have comparable resolutions to low and mid-range DSLRs. Many of these cameras can store images in a Raw image format, or processed and JPEG compressed, or both. The majority have a built-in flash similar to those found in DSLRs.
In bright sun, the quality difference between a good compact camera and a digital SLR is minimal but bridgecams are more portable, cost less and have a similar zoom ability to dSLR. Thus a Bridge camera may better suit outdoor daytime activities, except when seeking professional-quality photos.[5]
In low light conditions and/or at ISO equivalents above 800, most bridge cameras (or megazooms) lack in image quality when compared to even entry level DSLRs. However, they do have one major advantage: their much larger depth of field due to the small sensor as compared to a DSLR, allowing larger apertures with shorter exposure times.
A 3D Photo Mode was introduced in 2011, whereby the camera automatically takes a second image from a slightly different perspective and provides a standard .MPO file for stereo display. [6]
[edit]Mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera
Main article: Mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera
In late 2008, a new type of camera emerged, combining the larger sensors and interchangeable lenses of DSLRs with the live-preview viewing system of compact cameras, either through an electronic viewfinder or on the rear LCD. These are simpler and more compact than DSLRs due to the removal of the mirror box, and typically emulate the handling and ergonomics of either DSLRs or compacts. The system is used by Micro Four Thirds, borrowing components from the Four Thirds DSLR system.
[edit]Digital single lens reflex cameras
Cutaway of an Olympus E-30 DSLR
Main article: Digital single-lens reflex camera
Digital single-lens reflex cameras (DSLRs) are digital cameras based on film single-lens reflex cameras (SLRs). They take their name from their unique viewing system, in which a mirror reflects light from the lens through a separate optical viewfinder. At the moment of exposure the mirror flips out of the way, making a distinctive "clack" sound and allowing light to fall on the imager.
Since no light reaches the imager during framing, autofocus is accomplished using specialized sensors in the mirror box itself. Most 21st century DSLRs also have a "live view" mode that emulates the live preview system of compact cameras, when selected.
These cameras have much larger sensors than the other types, typically 18 mm to 36 mm on the diagonal (crop factor 2, 1.6, or 1). This gives them superior low-light performance, less depth of field at a given aperture, and a larger size.
They make use of interchangeable lenses; each major DSLR manufacturer also sells a line of lenses specifically intended to be used on their cameras. This allows the user to select a lens designed for the application at hand: wide-angle, telephoto, low-light, etc. So each lens does not require its own shutter, DSLRs use a focal-plane shutter in front of the imager, behind the mirror.
Main article: Rangefinder camera#Digital rangefinder
A rangefinder is a user-operated optical mechanism to measure subject distance once widely used on film cameras. Most digital cameras measure subject distance automatically using electro-optical techniques, but it is not customary to say that they have a rangefinder.
[edit]Line-scan camera systems
A line-scan camera is a camera device containing a line-scan image sensor chip, and a focusing mechanism. These cameras are almost solely used in industrial settings to capture an image of a constant stream of moving material. Unlike video cameras, line-scan cameras use a single row of pixel sensors, instead of a matrix of them. Data coming from the line-scan camera has a frequency, where the camera scans a line, waits, and repeats. The data coming from the line-scan camera is commonly processed by a computer, to collect the one-dimensional line data and to create a two-dimensional image. The collected two-dimensional image data is then processed by image-processing methods for industrial purposes.
Further information: Rotating line camera
Many devices include digital cameras built into or integrated into them. For example, mobile phones often include digital cameras; those that do are known as camera phones. Other small electronic devices (especially those used for communication) such as PDAs, laptops and BlackBerry devices often contain an integral digital camera, and most 21st century camcorders can also make still pictures.
Due to the limited storage capacity and general emphasis on convenience rather than image quality, almost all these integrated or converged devices store images in the lossy but compact JPEG file format.
Mobile phones incorporating digital cameras were introduced in Japan in 2001 by J-Phone. In 2003 camera phones outsold stand-alone digital cameras, and in 2006 they outsold all film-based cameras and digital cameras combined. These camera phones reached a billion devices sold in only five years, and by 2007 more than half of the installed base of all mobile phones were camera phones. Sales of separate cameras peaked in 2008. [7]
Integrated cameras tend to be at the very lowest end of the scale of digital cameras in technical specifications, such as resolution, optical quality, and ability to use accessories. With rapid development, however, the gap between mainstream compact digital cameras and camera phones is closing, and high-end camera phones are competitive with low-end stand-alone digital cameras of the same generation.
A Canon WP-1 waterproof 35 mm film camera
Waterproof digital cameras are digital cameras that can make pictures underwater. Waterproof housings have long been made but they cost almost as the cameras. Many waterproof digital cameras are shockproof and resistant to low temperatures; one of them is Canon PowerShot D10, one of the first underwater digital cameras.
These cameras become very popular during the holiday season, because many people want to save the best moments from their holidays at the seaside. Waterproof watches and mobile phones were produced earlier. Most makers of digital cameras also produce waterproof ones and every year they launch at least one new model, for example Sony, Olympus, Canon, Fuji.
Healthways Mako Shark, an early waterproof camera,[8] was launched in 1958 and cost around 25 dollars. It was a huge camera and pictures were black and white.
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1, about the trickle charge, rapid charging and stable battery charging algorithm
According to the energy requirements of the final application, a battery may contain up to 4 lithium ion or lithium polymer battery core, its configuration will have a variety of change, at the same time with a mainstream power adapter: direct adapter, USB interface or car charger. Remove the core quantity, core configuration or power adapter type difference, the battery has the same charge characteristics. So they charge algorithm. Lithium ion and li-ion polymer battery best charging algorithm can divided into three phases: trickle charge, rapid charging and stable charge.
Advanced battery charger with additional security function normally. For example, if the core temperature exceeds the given window, usually 0 ℃-45 ℃, charge will be suspended.
Remove some very low-end equipment, now on the market/li-ion polymer lithium ion battery solutions are integrated with the outer components or, in accordance with the characteristics of the charging to charge, this is not just to get better effect charge, but also for safety.
LTC4097 can be used to exchange adapter or USB power supply for single quarter/polymer lithium ion battery. Figure 1 for double input 1.2 A lithium battery charger LTC4097 schemes. It USES constant current/constant voltage algorithm charging, from exchange adapter power charge, programmable filling up to 1.2 electric current A, and with USB power can be as high as 1 A, at the same time, automatic detection in each input voltage whether there. This device also provide USB the current limit. Applications include PDA, MP3 players, digital camera, light portable medical and test equipment and big color cellular phone. The performance characteristics: no external micro controller charging termination; The input power automatic detection and choice; Through the resistance from the exchange of charging adapter input can be as high as 1.2 A programming charge current; The resistance of programmable USB charging current is up to 1 A; 100% or 20% USB charging current set; The input power output and existing bias NTC (VNTC) pin as a 120 mA drive ability; NTC thermistors input (NTC) pin for temperature qualified charged; Pre-settings battery voltage with floating plus or minus 0.6% accuracy; Thermal regulation maximize charge rate and free hot air LTC4097 can be used to exchange adapter or USB power supply for single quarter/polymer lithium ion battery. The use of constant current/constant voltage algorithm charging, from exchange adapter power charge, programmable filling up to 1.2 electric current A, and with USB power can be as high as 1 A, at the same time, automatic detection in each input voltage whether there. This device also provide USB the current limit. Applications include PDA, MP3 players, digital camera, light portable medical and test equipment and big color cellular phone.
2, lithium ion/polymer battery scheme
Lithium ion/polymer battery charge scheme for different number of core, core configuration, and power types are different. At present mainly have three main charging scheme: linear, Buck (step-down) switch and SEPIC (booster and step-down) switch.
When the input voltage in big with the charger with sufficient clearance of core after opening voltage, it is linear scheme, especially 1.0 C fast charging current than 1 A big too much. For example, MP3 players usually only one core, capacity from 700 to 1500 mAh differ, full charge voltage is open 4.2 V. MP3 player power is usually the AC/DC adapter or USB interface, the output is the rule of 5 V; At this time, the linear scheme is the most simple, most charger of the efficiency of the scheme. Figure 2 shows for lithium ion/polymer battery solution linear scheme, basic structure and linear voltage neat device.
MAX8677A is double input USB/AC adapter linear charger, built-in Smart Power Selector, used for rechargeable single quarter by Li + batteries portable devices. The charger integration of the battery and the external power source and load switch charging all the power switch, so that no external MOSFET. MAX8677A ideal used in portable devices, such as smart phones, PDA, portable media players, GPS navigation equipment, digital camera, and digital cameras.
MAX8677A can work in independent USB and the power input AC adapter or two input either one of the input. When connecting external power supply, intelligent power source selector allows the system not connect battery or can and depth discharge battery connection. Intelligent power source selector will automatically switch to the battery system load, use the system did not use the input power supply parts for battery, make full use of limited USB and adapter power supply input. All the needed electric current detection circuit, including the integration of the power switch, all integration in the piece. DC input current highest limit can be adjusted to 2 A and DC and USB input all can support 100 mA, 500 mA, and USB hung mode. Charge current can be adjusted to as high as 1.5 A, thus support wide range of battery capacitive. Other features include MAX8677A thermal regulation, over-voltage protection, charging status and fault output, power supply good surveillance, battery thermistors surveillance, and charging timer. MAX8677A using save a space, hot enhanced, 4 mm x 4 mm, 24 of the pins TQFN encapsulation, regulations, work in exceptional temperature range (40 ~ + 85 ℃).
2.2 Buck (step-down) switch scheme
When A 1.0 C of the charging current more than 1 A, or the input voltage of the core than with high voltage open many, Buck or step-down plan is A better choice. For example, based on the hard drive in the PMP, often use single core lithium ion battery, the full of open is 4.2 V voltage, capacity from 1200 to 2400 mAh range. And now PMP is usually use the car kit to charge, its output voltage in a 9 V to 16 between V. In the input voltage and battery voltage is the voltage difference between high (minimum 4.8 V) will make linear scheme lowers efficiency. This kind of low efficiency, plus more than 1.2 A 1 C fast charging electric current, have serious heat dissipation problems. To avoid this kind of situation, will the Buck scheme. Figure 3 for lithium ion/polymer battery charger scheme Buck diagram, basic structure with Buck (step-down) switching voltage regulators completely the same.
2.3 SEPIC (booster and step-down) switch scheme
In some use of three or four lithium ion/polymer core series equipments, charger of the input voltage is not always greater than the battery voltage. For example, laptop computers use 3 core lithium ion battery, full charge voltage is open 12.6 V (4.2 V x3), capacity is 1800 mAh to 3600 mAh from. Power supply input or output voltage is 1 6 V AC/DC adapter, or is car kit, the output voltage in a 9 V to 16 between V. Apparently, the linear and Buck solutions are not for this group of batteries. This is about to use SEPIC scheme, it can in the output voltage is higher than when the battery voltage, can be in the output voltage less than when the battery.
3, and power detection algorithm is proposed
Many portable products use voltage measurements to estimate the remaining battery power, but the battery voltage and surplus power relationship but will with the discharge rate, temperature and battery aging degree of change, make this kind of method can top 50% margin of error. The market for longer to use product demand unceasingly strengthens, so the system design personnel need more accurate solution. Use capacity check plan come to measure battery or consumption of electricity, will be in a wide range of application power to provide more accurate estimate of the battery power.
3.1 power detection algorithm is one of the examples of application, function complete list, double the battery portable battery application design
The battery circuit description. Figure 4 (a) can be used for identification of IC functions with typical application circuit batteries. According to the use of IC testing program is different, the battery needs to have at least three to four outside the terminal.
VCC and BAT pins will even to the battery voltage, so that for, C power and the battery voltage measurement. The battery is connected a grounding resistance smaller detection resistors, let capacity check meter high impedance SRP and SRN input can monitor sensor resistance on both ends of the voltage. Through testing the current flows through a resistor can be used to judge the battery or release the amount of electricity. Designers choose detection resistance value must be considered when resistance on both ends of the voltage can't more than 100 mV, low resistance may be more hours in current errors. Circuit board layout must ensure that SRP and SRN to testing from as close as possible to the connection of the resistor sensor resistance end; In other words, they should be the Kelvin attachment.
HDQ pin need external and resistors, this resistance should be located the host or the main application, such capacity check plan to the battery and portable devices when sleep function enable connection broken. Advice and resistance choose 10 k Ω.
Once the battery through the appraisal, bq26150 will issue commands to ensure that the host and quantity test plan of material lines between normal communication. When the battery connection interruption or to connect, the whole the identification process will be repeated again.
Host to be able to read capacity check plan of variable voltage measurement battery, to make sure the end of discharging threshold and charging terminate threshold. As for the remaining state power (RemainingStateofCapacity), do not need to read can use directly.
The above bq2650x and bq27x00 etc capacity check plan provides the battery manufacturer a simple to use options, this scheme L [just measuring battery voltage to be precise, so these capacity check plan can be applied to various battery framework, and can support the battery identification and double the battery application '
3.2 power detection algorithm is an example of applications another, can apply to all kinds of general voltmeter new IC.
Today's many manufacturers can provide a variety of voltmeter IC,, the user can choose the suitable function device, to optimize the product price. Use voltmeter measurement of storage battery parameters, the separate architecture allows users in the host custom power measurement algorithm within. Eliminating embedded processor battery cost. On this to Dallase semicconductor company called cases of DS2762 chip for typical analysis. A new separate voltmeter IC, its structure see chart 5 (a) below.
DS2762 is a single quarter of lithium battery voltmeter and protection circuit, integrated into a tiny 2.46 mm x 2.74 mm inversion of packaging. Due to internal integration for power detection of high precise resistance, this device is very save a space. It is the small size and incomparable high level of integration, for mobile phone battery and other similar handheld products, such as PDA, etc, are all very ideal. Integrated protection circuit continuously monitoring the battery voltage, over voltage and flow fault (charging or discharge period). Different from the independent protection IC, DS2762 allow main processor surveillance/control protection FET conduction state, such, can DS2762 through the protection of the power system and the control circuit implementation. DS2762 can also charge a battery consumption has depth, when the battery voltage within three V, provide a limit of the charging current recovery path.
DS2762 accurate monitoring battery current, voltage and temperature, the dynamic range and resolution of common satisfy any mobile communication product testing standards. The measurement of current for internally generated when the integral, realize the power measurement. Through the real-time, continuous automatic disorders correct, the precision of power measurement can be increased. The built-in measuring resistance due to eliminate manufacturing process and temperature and cause resistance change, further improve the precision of the voltmeter. Important data stored in 32 bytes, can add the lock EEPROM; 16 bytes of SRAM are used to keep dynamic data. And DS2762 all communication all through the 1-Wire, more communication interface node, minimize the battery and the connection to the host. Its main features for; Single quarter of lithium battery protector; High precision current (power measurement), voltage and temperature measurement; Optional integrated 25 m Ω measuring resistance, each DS2762 after fine-tuning alone; 0 V battery restore charge; 32 bytes can lock EEPROM, 16 bytes SRAM, 64 a ROM;
1-Wire, node, digital communication interface; Support more battery power management, and through the protection system control FET power; Dormancy mode power supply current only 2 µ A (most); Work mode power supply current for 90 µ A (most); 2.46 mm x 2.74 mm inversion of packaging or 16 feet SSOP package led, and both are can choose with or without detection resistance; After has with e
今まで出来ないものだと諦めていたが先日ついにできたので備忘録として書き留めておく。
【環境】
Win7 Pro 32bit
WinVista HP 32bit
※恐らくWin7、WinVistaであれば何でも出来る。
GW-US54GXS
【大まかな流れ】
・無線子機（私の場合GW-US54GXS）のドライバ環境を整える。
・あとは普通にKaiをやる。
【はじめに】
・今まであったすべての接続方法で出来なかった人が対象である。
【やり方】
①http://www.planex.co.jp/support/download/wireless/gw-us54gxs.shtml
ここから「ドライバ・ユーティリティWindows Vista/XP/Me/98SE版」をダウンロード。
※※理由：ドライバ・ユーティリティWindows 7版にはPSPXlinkModeプロパティがないためKaiが出来ない。
②展開後、中にあるインストーラのプロパティから互換性→Windows Server2003(SP1)、管理人モードで実行をチェックしておく。
③無線子機を接続する。このとき勝手にドライバをごちゃごちゃやり始めるがすべてキャンセルする。
※これ重要。
④Windows+Breakキーでシステム画面を開き、デバイスマネージャを起動する。
⑤開くと自分の無線子機の名前があると思うので右クリックし、「ドライバソフトウェアの更新」をクリックする。
⑥「コンピュータを参照してドライバソフトウェアを検索します」を押す。
⑦先ほどインストールしたフォルダの中の「USBIrv」（うろ覚え）みたいなフォルダを参照させる。
⑧更新が終わったらデバイスマネージャ上の無線子機を右クリックし、「プロパティ」をクリックする。
⑨「詳細設定」→「PSPXlinkMode」を選び、「Enable」にする。
⑩ネットワークと共有センターを開き、Win7:アダプタの設定、WinVista：ネットワーク接続の管理を押す。
⑪PSPのアドホックを1chに設定して、オンライン集会浴場に入る。
⑫⑩で開いたところに無線子機のアイコンがあるので右クリック→接続からPSP_AUL……を選び接続する。
あとは他の入門サイトにあるようにkaiを起動してください。
