はてなキーワード: differenceとは
気になったので調べてみた。
ひらがな | 漢字 | 対応する英語 | 圧縮倍率 |
あ | 亜 | sub | 3倍 |
い | 胃 | stomach | 7倍 |
う | 鵜 | cormorant | 9倍 |
え | 絵 | picture | 7倍 |
お | 尾 | tail | 4倍 |
か | 蚊 | mosquito | 8倍 |
き | 木 | wood | 4倍 |
く | 苦 | pain | 4倍 |
け | 毛 | hair | 4倍 |
こ | 粉 | powder | 6倍 |
さ | 差 | difference | 10倍 |
し | 師 | teacher | 7倍 |
す | 酢 | vinegar | 7倍 |
せ | 背 | back | 4倍 |
そ | 祖 | ancestor | 8倍 |
た | 多 | many | 4倍 |
ち | 地 | ground | 6倍 |
つ | 津 | harbour | 7倍 |
て | 手 | hand | 4倍 |
と | 都 | capital | 7倍 |
な | 菜 | vegetable | 9倍 |
に | 荷 | load | 4倍 |
ぬ | 奴 | guy | 3倍 |
ね | 根 | root | 4倍 |
の | 野 | field | 5倍 |
は | 葉 | leave | 5倍 |
putting others down is what people who cant bring themselves up do
他人をこき下ろすのは自分を高めることができない人がやることだ (bring someone up = uplift oneself = improve one's situation)
-----
ですから、
He improved the design of the car.
この場合、「その車のデザイン」を以前のものから今のものへ「改良」した、という意味です。
自動詞の場合は、on 以下のものを元にして(元にして、が on の意味です)
「よりよいものを作る(これが自動詞improveの意味)」という意味です。
ですから、
この場合、the design(その設計)を元にして、よりよい「設計」を作った、ということなのです。
https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1322371783
https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/52305/improve-vs-improve-on-upon
----
Let us not wallow in the valley of despair, 「絶望の谷で苦しみにふけるのはやめましょう」
let us not ~ は let’s not ~ と同じ
wallow は「転げまわる、もがく」という意味ですが、ここでは「(快楽などに)ふける、浸る」という意味で使われています。
例:wallow in luxury「ぜいたくにふける」、wallow in one’s sadness「悲しみにふける」
https://www.eigonou.net/backnumber/05278/
e.g.
Matt has stepped away from public life マットはもう人前に出ることを止めたんだから
Let us hold not too fast to his name 彼の名前にあまりしがみつかないようにしよう
----
immersion only losers couldn't tell you the difference between と思う and と思っている to save their lives
イマージョンだけやってる負け犬たちは「と思う」と「と思っている」の区別をどうやっても教えられない
・I can't wake up to save my life. : どうしても起きられない。
----
i am at the bottom of the mountain 先はまだまだ長い (= i've got a long way to go)
-----
im very active w keeping my pronouns available 私は積極的に自分の性別の代名詞を公開してる (consistently and proactively making known or sharing their preferred pronouns)
bc ik it can feel awkward to ask sometimes だってわざわざ尋ねるのは気まずいじゃん
-----
You don't wanna get on my bad side.... 俺の機嫌を損ねないほうがいいぜ・・・
buddy....
-----
Go finger your prostate to chill out or smth 前立腺でも弄って落ち着けよ
Look I'm on a stim crash and on edge dw bout it 精神刺激薬の離脱症状が出ててしかも寸止め中だから大丈夫
be on a stimulant crash = ADHDやアデロールなどの薬の離脱症状 (= I'm having withdrawals from drugs.)
-----
・Your father will be back on his feet in no time. : あなたのお父様はすぐに回復されますよ。
《be ~》〔状況などが〕良くなる、立ち直る
-----
(人)の機嫌を取る、(人)に取り入る、(人)にゴマをする、(人)を褒めそやす、(人)にお世辞を言う、(人)にこびへつらう
-----
・That's a lot [bunch] of hooey, and you know it! : 実にばかげた話です。自分でも分かってるだろ。(=ホラ話= bullshit)
-----
it's awkward but it gets the point across
(自分の書く文章は)ぎこちないけど意味は通じる (awkward = clunky = clumsy = scuffed)
why do you think it's awkward?
なんでぎこちないと思うの?
because I haven't output enough to think of a natural way to output my ideas. Instead I force out something that gets the idea across even if it turns out awkward
自然にアウトプットすることができるほどちゃんとアウトプットしてないからね
because 99% of my Japanese practice is from writing assignments for class (haven't hung out with many Japanese people), so even if I try to speak casually, formal stuff appears
日本語の練習のうち99パーセントは授業で出される作文の宿題だから
カジュアルに話そうとしてもフォーマルな言葉遣いが出てしまうんだ
----
this server is a lot more hateful than I remember it being
このサーバー、私が知っている頃と比べてすごく邪険な雰囲気になってる
----
I can understand being insecure over one's language skills but I think you should own that you're insecure instead of trying to act like you're above others
Address what's causing you to feel insecure and work on that
日本語力に不安を持つのはわかるけど、他人にマウントを取るんじゃなくてその不安さを認めるべきだよ
own 〔罪などを〕自分がやったと認める
----
Speaking as someone who has never interacted with you before and didn't even recognise you, you came off as a massive dickhead in the way you talked, and that's gonna rub people the wrong way. Especially if there's annoyance built before that. But at the end of the day man, it doesn't matter much
あなたと喋ったこともないしだれだか知らないけど、あなたの喋り方はすごい嫌なやつに聞こえるし、それだと周りを苛つかせるだけだよ
I mean you just rubbed some people the wrong way but they didn't express that and decided to unload it all on you at the same time x10 when they saw the opportunity
みんなあんたに苛ついてたけど、黙ってたんだよ
で、ちょうどいいタイミングが来たから一斉にその不満を10倍にして吐き出したってわけ
it was really irresponsible and wrong of me
yeah I know that was fucked up of me
それはすごい無責任だし間違った行いだった
-----
(悪口を言いまくってる人を見て)おいおいお前それはよくねえぜ
it's basically just a way of saying "you did something bad."
https://hinative.com/questions/21934776
-----
I think most of it was just pent up aggression towards him over the weeks that everyone found an opportunity to unload at that moment
今回の件は、彼に対するイラつきがここ数週間の間に溜まっていて、あの瞬間にみんながそれを吐き出すチャンスを見つけたっていうのが大きいんじゃないかな
-----
Idk why you're making it seem like i had a fit over him
なんで「私が彼に対して腹を立てていた」みたいな風な言い方をしてるのかわからないんだけど
腹を立てる、カッとなる、カンカンに怒る、ひどく興奮する、非常に興奮する、だだをこねる、ショックを受ける、発作を起こす、卒倒する、おたおたする◆【同】throw a fit
・I was having [throwing] a huge fit. : 私は無性に腹を立てていた。
----
You just jumped on the Jack hate train for no reason
I don't understand the audacity to come here every single day while you disrespect me to your friends
お友達と一緒に私のことを侮辱してるくせに毎日ここに来れる厚かましさは理解できないわ
and you also hop on the gender thing
i use she
but yeah
they had that effect on me and I took that as a way out of responsibility
でもまああれも俺が間違いだった
あいつらに影響されていたし、その影響を言い訳にして(性別ネタに乗っかっていたのは事実だった)
-----
she didn't even think to give me the benefit of the doubt or anything and just straight up pilied on to me when i had no way to defend myself of the misinfo against me
彼女は(話が真実かどうか確かめる)猶予を与えることもせずに、いきなり私を非難してきた
pile on to someone: (of a group of people) to attack or criticize someone
-----
何をぺちゃくちゃいってんの
prattle
〔幼児が〕片言でしゃべる、〔大人が〕ベラベラとつまらないおしゃべりをする
・He was prattling on for hours about boring subjects. : 彼は退屈な話題について、何時間もしゃべり続けた。
-----
And oh yea you can go on a tirade in that server talking about how i need mental health help, suck at jp, and feel threatened by the very presence of John
その鯖で私は精神科にかかるべきとかジョンに劣等感を抱いてるとか、延々と話してればいいじゃん
tirade
長広舌、長い演説
-----
i played it when it came out and had the worst experience of my life
if you pick a μ's character you're in for the worst character interactions you have ever seen
μ'sのキャラを選んだら今まで経験した中で最悪の会話が待ってるよ
in for 《be ~》〔困難などに〕直面しそうだ、〔事態などを〕きっと経験するだろう
-----
this pc has served me well for 8+ years
im pushing 5 years on my lenovo legion
私のレノボはそろそろ5年に近づいてる
i built that pc with my dad and god damnit do I love it
あのPCは父と一緒に組んだんだけどめちゃくちゃ大好きだ
そのうちアップグレードもする予定
-----
Pray the gay away = 神に祈りを捧げてゲイからノンケにしてもらうこと
https://hinative.com/questions/18100264
----
I wouldn't recommend going off blood thinners cold turkey and my heart rates really fucking high right now, 1:30 3145, and I'm nervous about this.
抗凝血剤を急にやめるのはおすすめしない
go cold turkey 〔悪習・薬物などを〕急に[きっぱり]やめる[断ち切る]
go off a drug 薬を(飲むのを)やめる
-----
there's no way these like agencies are gonna be looking at all this money you're raking in on Onlyfans being like "what do you mean we don't get any of it?"
AVの事務所がOnlyfansで荒稼ぎした金を見たら「当然それをくれるんだよな?」って言うに決まってる
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/w8emCFPLGlw
rake in 荒稼ぎする
-----
whether or not the bit that it's famous for will soon wear off a novelty however is difficult to determine
パルワールドを有名たらしめている要素がすぐに陳腐化してしまうのかどうかは(今のところ)断定しがたい
bit = 要素 = element
----
my boss has been grilling me for slacking
grilling 厳しい尋問◆可算
----
she flaked on our plans for Christmas together and invited him to hang out with her during the end of the year
私とのクリスマスの約束をすっぽかし、(B男さんと)年末に遊ぶ誘いをしていたり、
flake
〔薄片が〕はがれ落ちる
〈米俗〉約束をすっぽかす
他動
~から薄片を剥がす[削る]
〔~を〕薄片で覆う
there were a lot of things that i couldn't fit in here but i've only ever wrote things that i've had clear evidence of
この文章ではとても収まらないほどのことがありましたが、手元に明確な証拠があるものだけを書きました。
i don't think i've clarified quite enough but this being something that i've kept in my heart for so long i'm so glad i'm able to talk to you all about it now
十分にお話できたとは思っていませんが、ずっと心のうちに秘めていたことを、こうしてお話することができたのはよかったと思っています。
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWJDwmrTL5o
-----
steer clear of
~を避ける、~を遠ざける、~に関わらない
・You should steer clear of that restaurant or you may get food poisoning. : そのレストランはやめた方がいい、さもないと食中毒になるかもよ。
-----
Shiina having a laughing fit really brightens up my day. Thank you Okayun~
「面白い」ということを表すのに使われる「ツボる」という表現。 英語で表すと、一番意味が近いのはおそらく”have a laughing fit”でしょう。
https://nativecamp.net/blog/20200723_laugh
-----
Does 買いものにでも行っているのかもしれません mean “Maybe she even went shopping” ? What does でも contribute here
Does demo add the “or something” to the sentencr
-----
seemやappear, feel, look, soundなどにthatを付ける場合、主語はitでなければならない
✗He seems that ...
Feel, look, and sound are very occasionally found with a content clause too: It looks to me that a vendetta has struck up. Content clauses differ from as if phrases in that they are restricted to the impersonal construction: compare Ed seemed as if /∗that he was trying to hide his true identity. (Camgel p.962)
-----
ポイント2:直接法は時制の一致を受けるが、仮定法は時制の一致を受けない
直説法(knows):He looks as if he knows the answer. (he knows the answer)
仮定法(knew):He looks as if he knew the answer. (he gives the impression that he knows the answer, but he (probably) doesn't know or we don't know whether he knows or not)
主節が現在形の場合は区別がつくが、主節を過去時制にすると、直接法では時制の一致によってknows→knewと一つ過去に移るのに対して、仮定法は時制の一致を受けないのでknewのまま変わらない。その結果、どちらも同じ時制になってしまう。そのため、仮定法か直接法かは文脈判断。(仮定法の時制を過去にずらす(knew→had known)と、大過去として見なされ、主節より一つ前の出来事を表すことになる)
He looked as if he knew the answer.
直説法:He seems as if he hasn't slept for days. (he hasn't slept for days)
仮定法:He seems as if he hadn't slept for days. (it seems that he hasn't slept for days, but he (probably) has or we don't know whether he has or not)
↓
He seemed as if he hadn't slept for days.
https://www.grammaring.com/as-if-as-though
-----
He doesn't do listening immersion he only knows English from reading and it shows.
But there's a few quirks that tip me off でもノンネイティブだとわかってしまうような癖がたまに出てくる
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Why mass can distort spacetime?
https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/230432/why-mass-can-distort-spacetime
So the energy and momentum flowed in, they may or may not be converted into mass by coupling together. But the curvature doesn't change unless the motion of the energy and momentum changes.
これで「エネルギー」と「モーメンタム」が流れ込めば「質量」が生まれることがわかる。しかしモーメンタムとエネルギーの運動に変化がなければ、曲率は変わらない。
では「質量とエネルギーは同じなのか」ということについてだが、測定単位がそろえば同じことだと説明がある。
https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/554778/why-is-mass-a-form-of-energy
But particle physicists use natural units where they measure both mass and energy in electron volts. This would make sure that the difference of the sum of the masses of the resulting particles and the mass of the neutron is exactly the same as the kinetic energy of the resulting particles.
conclusion: no difference
The one I've been listening to often, that's true. Looking at the comments of related articles, I'm scared of many people who say they don't like the w ay of divorce. In addition to writing comments, it's amazing to put stars on all the close opinions. I think divorce all of a sudden is short-sighted, but that's about it, it's just marriage. There were other ways, and some people even said that they should have protected their spouse even i f they stopped skating. If you don't want to meet a stalker, if you don't want to meet a molester, what's the difference? If this is a female idol, if you don't like it, you can only say it if you stop it, right? I guess there are a lot of strange people like that around him.
お金払わないと無理っぽくて、せっかく考えたのに悲しいのでここで供養させてね
https://courrier.jp/news/archives/314638/
https://unherd.com/2022/12/japans-cynical-war-on-woke/
I feel that the idea that 'it is right for all humans, regardless of their ethnic or cultural background, to be "woke" in a Western way' is discriminatory.
Is it really possible to easily judge whether "woke" is happening in cultures or value systems that differ from the Western perspective?
Additionally, as someone who is currently a female college student in Japan, I have a sense of discomfort with the author's argument that "social movements in Japan do not happen from the bottom up, but rather top-down."
On a separate note, I believe that for those who are not familiar with the difference between "茶道" and "茶芸" discussing East Asian art may not only be a little crude when it comes to Japanese culture, but also Chinese culture.
自己啓発本の類は読まないタイプなんだが、それでも自分のQoLを高めるにはどうするかってことぐらいは考える。
俺は今後何かで「大金持ち」になったり「大成功」することもないだろうから、今の収入のままでQoLを上げたいわけだ。
それで、そもそも「俺の精神がダメージを受けるのはなんでなのか」ってのを突き詰めたら「孤独感」ってやつにたどり着いた。「孤独」ではなく「孤独感」だ。
「周囲の人間に無視されることはサバイバル上の死を意味したから、認められるために孤独を痛みとして感じるようになった」という進化的経緯があることを知る。
だから「承認欲求」とやらは本質的に人間の社会本能であり、個人主義という最新の文化に脳が適応しきれていないことを意味する。
数学という趣味を全く他者と共有せず、一人部屋にこもってやり続けても満足できるなら、そもそも普段の社会生活で十分満足できている可能性が高い。
ところが「孤独感」を抱えてしまうような何らかの問題を持った人間は、趣味を他者と共有したいと考えたがる。
要するに「趣味がないこと」が問題なのではなく、日常生活で「社会から見放されている」と感じる何らかの要因の存在が問題だ。
お前がツイートしても誰もイイネしない。あいつはイイネをたくさんもらっているのに。
こういう本能は理性的には全く理解できない。俺がいくら理性レベルで「こういう感情ってバカっぽいな」と考えても、本能部分が勝手に「孤独感」を生み出すから制御ができないのだ。
アドラーだかなんだかは胡散臭いので、「低次機能で説明可能な場合は高次機能を仮定するな」という心理学におけるオッカムの剃刀はもっと考慮するべきだろう。
理性レベルで対処可能なのは、Twitter、Facebook、Instagramなどの主要ソーシャルメディアを使わないようにすることだ。
そのためにはDNS、ルーター、ファイアウォール、アプリケーション層などあらゆるレベルでコンテンツフィルタリングしてしまったほうが良い。
またロールモデルを作ることも僅かながらの効果はあるかもしれない。賞金を辞退したペレルマンのように振る舞いたい。
以下は参考
"Social isolation results in higher likelihood of mortality, whether measured objectively or subjectively. Cumulative data from 70 independent prospective studies, with 3,407,134 participants followed for an average of 7 years, revealed a significant effect of social isolation, loneliness, and living alone on odds of mortality. After accounting for multiple covariates, the increased likelihood of death was 26% for reported loneliness, 29% for social isolation, and 32% for living alone. These data indicated essentially no difference between objective and subjective measures of social isolation when predicting mortality."
Holt-Lunstad, J. et al. (2015): Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Mortality: A Meta-Analytic Review. Perspectives on Psychological Science 2015, Vol. 10(2), pp. 227–237 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25910392/
"Results Of the 35 925 records retrieved, 23 papers met inclusion criteria for the narrative review. They reported data from 16 longitudinal datasets, for a total of 4628 CHD and 3002 stroke events recorded over follow-up periods ranging from 3 to 21 years. Reports of 11 CHD studies and 8 stroke studies provided data suitable for meta-analysis. Poor social relationships were associated with a 29% increase in risk of incident CHD (pooled relative risk: 1.29, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.59) and a 32% increase in risk of stroke (pooled relative risk: 1.32, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.68). Subgroup analyses did not identify any differences by gender. Conclusions Our findings suggest that deficiencies in social relationships are associated with an increased risk of developing CHD and stroke. Future studies are needed to investigate whether interventions targeting loneliness and social isolation can help to prevent two of the leading causes of death and disability in high-income countries."
Valtorta, N. K. et al. (2016): Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal observational studies. Heart Vol. 102, pp. 1009–1016 https://heart.bmj.com/content/102/13/1009
草
History of Eastern role-playing video games: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Eastern_role-playing_video_games&diff=prev&oldid=1086191567
anond:20220520013638の中に書いてたけど文字数制限で省かれてしまったので別に載せる。せっかくの苦労を無駄にしたくない。
DeepLで翻訳してみた
The main issue...the bid price has been reaching ¥80/kWh every day since the beginning of the year.
I can finally get into what I really want to tell you.
The reason why new power companies have stopped accepting bids or have withdrawn from the business is because the days when this JEPX spot market price reaches 80 yen/kWh have been going on and on since the beginning of 2010.
The electricity market is a market. If there is a surplus of electricity, the bid price goes down, and if there is a shortage of electricity, the bid price goes up. The spot market is a blind single-price auction, which means that once a contract price is determined, all market prices are traded at that price. Even if Masuda-san bids 10 yen, if many people bid 20 yen, it will be 20 yen, and if many people bid 5 yen, it will be 5 yen.
And as I said before, if they fail to purchase, the power retailer has to pay the imbalance fee.
Then what happens? Many people think, "I'm going to buy it at the imbalance fee of 80 yen/kWh anyway, so I'll bid 80 yen for it. Here is the URL of Enexchange's website, which shows the spot market price in an easy-to-understand manner.
https://insight.enechange.jp/markets
For March 31, it's in the 20 yen range. That's bright red. It is cheaper than the 80 yen I mentioned earlier.
Imagine this. TEPCO's Standard S plan is 20~30 yen/kWh. You see, what we sell for 20-30 yen, we have to buy for more than 20 yen, or even 80 yen.
How much is the gross profit on something that sells for 25 yen? 8 yen, 5 yen, 3 yen? Let's assume that 90 out of every 100 jobs generate a gross profit of 5 yen, which is a profit of 450 yen. If 10 out of 100 sell at that price, the profit is 550 yen.
450 - 550 = -100.
This is the impact of a spot market price of 80 yen. Imagine if you had a customer base of tens of thousands of dollars, and you have to blow millions of dollars every day for a month. I think you can understand a little bit of the logic behind the suspension of acceptance and shutdown of business.
Of course, calculating the cost of procuring electricity is not this simple. I mean, I can't write about the inside story of procurement in my business because it would violate confidentiality. I wrote what I could find out just from the spot market, where the amounts are visualized by the general public. I didn't tell the whole story, if you think about it. Sorry. It's a title fraud.
Supplement... why is this happening?
To be honest, even as someone in the new power company, I am troubled by this situation. How did this happen? ......
In essence, I think "don't liberalize the infrastructure in the first place" is right. However, to put some position talk into it, I think that the various things that happened in the aftermath of Fukushima and the licking at the Kashiwazaki nuclear power plant were the result of being lenient because it was infrastructure, and I think there is some nuance to that.
However, I don't think that the designers of the system anticipated this level of instability in the power supply when the system was liberalized in April 2004. I was impressed when the supply-demand crunch warning came out. I was like, "This is it! That rumored !!!! Supply and demand crunch alert: !!!!!!!" I was so excited. There's no way there's going to be rolling blackouts! It's about to happen!
However, in the extreme, retailers are wholesalers, and while they are wholesalers, the products they sell are not all that different. How can you make a difference in a commodity like electricity? It is usually impossible. It's hard to add value to a product because it's all about price. Of course it's not impossible. There are plans, decarbonization, optional services, and so on. But there is no difference in the electricity itself. I think it's possible to point out that the reason why various new electric power companies flocked to the market was because hyenas gathered in the industry that was assured of a sweet deal in infrastructure ......, and that's true for a percentage of the population. I think all electric power companies are looking for ways to add value to electricity.
I hope this case will make the market healthier.
Incidentally, there is a new electric power company that is getting a tailwind from this current situation. Where is it? The answer is after the commercial!
gender difference in XX でググったら山ほど論文出てくるけど。。。
Results:
A total of 3030 participants were randomly assigned to the recommendation to wear masks, and 2994 were assigned to control; 4862 completed the study. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 occurred in 42 participants recommended masks (1.8%) and 53 control participants (2.1%). The between-group difference was −0.3 percentage point (95% CI, −1.2 to 0.4 percentage point; P = 0.38) (odds ratio, 0.82 [CI, 0.54 to 1.23]; P = 0.33). Multiple imputation accounting for loss to follow-up yielded similar results. Although the difference observed was not statistically significant, the 95% CIs are compatible with a 46% reduction to a 23% increase in infection.
Multiple imputation accounting for loss to follow-up yielded similar results. Although the difference observed was not statistically significant, the 95% CIs are compatible with a 46% reduction to a 23% increase in infection.
特にここ
「ポルノ」と「エロ(eros)」と「生物における性欲」の違いについてから説明する気は流石にないよ。下記5つが理解できれば良いよ
https://help.apple.com/app-store-connect/#/dev269f11291
年齢制限指定は、必須の App 情報のプロパティであり、App Store のペアレンタルコントロールで使用されます。App の年齢制限指定を設定するには、 こちらを参照してください。
4+ | この年齢制限指定の App は好ましくない内容を一切含みません。 |
9+ | この年齢制限指定の App には以下のコンテンツが含まれることがあり、9 歳未満の子どもには不適切な場合があります。 ・アニメまたはファンタジーバイオレンスが、まれ、または軽度に含まれる ・冒とく的または下品なユーモアが、まれ、または軽度に含まれる ・成人向けコンテンツ、露骨な表現のコンテンツ、ホラーや恐怖を題材にしたコンテンツが、まれ、または軽度に含まれる |
12+ | この年齢制限指定の App には以下のコンテンツが含まれることがあり、12 歳未満の子どもには不適切な場合があります。 ・医学や治療を取り上げたコンテンツが、まれ、または軽度に含まれる ・アルコール、タバコ、ドラッグの使用に対する言及が、まれ、または軽度に含まれる ・性的内容およびヌードが、まれ、または軽度に含まれる ・争いや闘争が頻繁、または極度に行われる ・冒とく的または下品なユーモアが、頻繁、または極度に含まれる ・ホラーや恐怖を題材にしたコンテンツが、頻繁、または極度に含まれる ・アニメまたはファンタジーバイオレンスが、頻繁、または極度に含まれる ・リアルな暴力的表現が、まれ、または軽度に含まれる ・まれ、または軽度の疑似ギャンブル |
The content may be inappropriate for audiences under 13.
→ R13 作者の判断に委ねられているが、キス・ボディタッチなどが該当
What's the difference between "general" and "teen and up" or "mature" and "explicit"?
This is left to the creator's judgment. People disagree passionately about the nature and explicitness of content to which younger audiences should be exposed. The creator's discretion to choose between "general" and "teen and up" or between "mature" and "explicit" is absolute: we will not mediate any disputes about those decisions. Instead, we encourage creators to consider community norms, whether fandom-specific or more general (such as how you'd expect a video game or movie with similar content to be rated), in selecting a rating.
What's the difference between "teen and up" and "mature"?
Likewise, this is almost entirely up to the creator's judgment. In response to valid complaints about highly explicit content, the abuse team may redesignate a fanwork marked "general" or "teen and up" to "not rated," as explained in the abuse policy, but our policy is generally to defer to the creator's decision.
不用意な発言が国外の人に見つかってしまったときに「英語ワカリマセーン」で切り抜けるという技を繰り返し使ってるのもなんだかなあ
"English evolves too fast for me." https://twitter.com/yukihiro_matz/status/1041839692944044032
"I don't think I can express the difference in English. Sigh." https://twitter.com/yukihiro_matz/status/1041823265893736450
Is ‘social distancing’ the wrong term? Expert prefers ‘physical distancing,’ and the WHO agrees.
What’s the difference between physical distancing and social distancing?
https://georgebest1969.typepad.jp/blog/2020/03/事実に誠意を.html
これが原文です。
外国から問い合わせが来ているけれども時間がなくて訳せないということで、DeepLの性能確認ついでにやってみました。
この私訳と岩田健太郎先生は無関係なのでよろしくお願いします。
訳された文章を原文と見比べ、翻訳で文章がおかしくなったところや慣用句は「必ず日本語側の文章をいじることで」できるだけ解消しました。
よって改変した文章だけをこちらに載せ、改変する必要がなかったところは段落番号しか載せていません。元文章は元ブログを当たってください。
英語に詳しいパーソンが精査していただけると幸いです。
1 Most of what I'm about to write is no different from what I've said and done in the past. However, I have been asked the same question repeatedly, so I would like to reiterate it. We have received many inquiries from overseas as well, so we should have prepared the same content in English, but due to time constraints, I'm afraid I'll have to skip it. This article is designed to be read without basic knowledge of infectious diseases and jargon, but it is rather difficult to understand. Please forgive me for that.
感想:「Chromeかなにかでそれぞれ母国語に訳してお読みいただけると幸いです。」がきれいさっぱり消えている。DeepLの自負心だろう。
2 The fact that the number of COVID-19 reports in Japan is very low compared to other countries is attracting attention from home and abroad. Is it true? It has been pointed out that the number of tests is so small that we may be misreading the actual number of infected people.
3 However, this point is wrong at various layers. In the first place, Japan does not aim to capture all the numbers of COVID-19. Whether it's administrative testing or insured care, the state basically has a testing strategy in mind to diagnose, hospitalize, and isolate critically ill patients who need to be hospitalized. It is natural that they "haven't figured it out" and they don't intend to. That's not a bad thing.In fact, the situation is the same in every country, large or small, and no country, whether in the United States, Europe, or Asia, is aiming to "capture the whole number.
感想:最後の文はなぜか他の文と一緒に入力すると訳してくれなかった。この文一つだけ入力すると訳してくれた。
よく考えると「多かれ少なかれ」は通じないだろうから直した方がよかった。なぜかDeepLに繋がらなくなったのでもう直せない。
WHOもそんなことは求めていない。もっとも、そのわりに日本は帰国者無症状者にPCRをやってみたり、無症状な検査陽性者を入院隔離させてみたり(軽症者は自宅じゃなかったの?)、プリンシプルにおいて首尾一貫していない。だから、「彼らがなにがやりたいか私たちはよくわからない」ので、人々は不安になる。リスコミにおける失敗と言えよう。
The WHO is not asking for such a thing. But instead, Japan gives PCR to asymptomatic returnees and isolates asymptomatic test-positive people in hospital (wasn't it home for people with minor illnesses?). It has not been coherent in its principles. So, people get anxious because "we're not sure what they want to do". It's a failure in the press.
感想:「なにがやりたいかよくわからない」に主語を付与する必要があった。リスコミがpressになった。よくわかったな。
「〜は自宅じゃなかったの?)、」の、が.になっているのがよくわからない。なぜかDeepLに繋がらなくなったのでもう直せない。
4 The difference between Korea and Japan is the "result" and not the "purpose". In South Korea, where the number of infected people had surged in one place, we had to focus on inspections in and around the area. If such a phenomenon (let's call it an overshoot) occurs in Japan, the number of inspections will increase. When the situation is different, arguing only on the basis of the number of tests without observing the situation is like trying to say, "That team made 50 sliding tackles while this team made only one," without watching a football game. In games where you don't have to slide (e.g., when you're in possession the whole time), even 0 times isn't a "mistake," and of course 50 times isn't a mistake.
5 全数把握ができていない疾患など山のようにある。日本ではインフルエンザの「全数」把握はしておらず、定点観測である。疫学上、感染対策上、それで十分な情報が得られているからだ。日本で毎年風邪が何例発生しているか、正確に把握したデータはない。レセプトデータを見ればわかるじゃないか、というのも間違いで、なぜなら多くの風邪患者は(ぼくのように)受診せずに自然に治るまで待っている。医療に限らず、経済学でも政治学でもデータはサンプリングから母数を推定するのがほとんどで、「全数」は非効率的な状態把握法なのだ。
There are many diseases for which the total number of patients is not known. In Japan, we do not have a "total" number of influenza cases, but only a fixed-point observation. Because that's enough information, both epidemiologically and in terms of infection control. There is no accurate data on how many cases of the common cold occur each year in Japan. It's also a mistake to say that you can tell by looking at the receipt data, because many cold patients (like me) don't see a doctor and wait until they are cured naturally. Not only in medicine, but also in economics and political science, data are mostly based on sampling to estimate population numbers, and "whole numbers" is an inefficient way of grasping the situation.
感想:ちょこちょこ変えてある。日本語の文章が多少おかしくなっているのは勘弁してほしい。接続詞を適切に入れると格段に翻訳が正確になる。
6 We have not seen the devastation in Japan as in Italy, Spain or New York City. There is no medical collapse in a critically ill patient, no use of the operating room as an ICU, no piling up of bodies on a skating rink with no place to put them. Even if the "numbers" are not known, it is a fact that the current situation in Japan (including Tokyo) is much better controlled than in other countries.
7 Even so, you may be interested in "Well, what about the actual situation? There are estimates. For example, Dr. Hiroshi Nishiura and his group estimate that the number of mild illnesses in Japan may be twice the reported number. The catch rate is 0.44, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.37-0.50.
8 Although the study was based on data from China, there is no guarantee that the Chinese COVID-19 demographic is the same as the Japanese one. Also, since the original study did not include asymptomatic patients or those with minor illnesses that did not require hospitalization, the number of infected patients estimated on that basis would inevitably be an underestimate. If you are more paranoid, it's not unreasonable to believe that "the Japanese and Chinese viruses are different because of the mutation" (although I don't think so).
9 This does not diminish the value of the paper itself. The model must always use existing parameters, and it is often impossible to prove the external validity of these parameters. If the underlying parameters are not reasonable, the predictions will not be correct. A model assumes a simplified world insofar as it is a model. A model without simplification, which is an adjectival contradiction.
数理モデルのこうした「前提」にイチャモンを付けるのは、例えばAという疾患を対象にランダム化比較試験をしたときに、「Bという疾患については説明できないじゃないか」と文句を言うようなもので、業界の仁義に反する意味のない揚げ足取りである。
To complain about these "assumptions" of the mathematical model is like complaining, for example, "You can't explain disease B," when a randomized controlled trial is conducted for disease A. This is a meaningless tirade against the honor of the industry.
感想;「分からない」を「説明できない」に変えた。多分これでいいと思う。思いたい。
However, it is different for the reader of the paper.
A mathematical model that assumes a certain hypothesis should have internal academic validity, but it is the responsibility of the reader, as a resident of the real world, to appraise it in the real world.
Aという疾患を対象にしたRCTの知見をBという疾患に使ってはならないように、数理モデルの制限を理解し、現実世界にアプライするときに十分注意するのは当然だ。
Just as the RCT findings for disease A should not be used for disease B, it is natural to understand the limitations of the mathematical model and to be careful when applying it to the real world. For example, it would be wrong to read the paper and conclude that the total number of infected people in Tokyo is about 500 as of March 26.
感想;「読み手は別である」を「読み手にとっては別である」に変更し、「制限や限界」は「limitations and limitations」になったので片方削った。
11 People make mistakes. The models are also wrong. Being wrong is not a big deal. The problem is to notice your mistakes and make corrections. Already, a group at Imperial College London has admitted that its original estimate that the peak of the infection should be moderated was "wrong" and has revised its prediction that the ICU will soon fail if it does not fight the virus fairly aggressively.
みなさんこんにちは。
過去1週間で、COVID-19のケースが急速にエスカレートしました。
現在、中国よりも他の地域で多くの症例と死亡が報告されています。
また、学校を閉鎖したり、スポーツイベントやその他の集会をキャンセルしたりするなど、社会的距離の測定が急速に拡大していることも確認しています。
しかし、テスト、隔離、および連絡先の追跡における緊急の十分なエスカレーションは確認されていません。これは、応答のバックボーンです。
社会的距離測定は、伝播を減らし、医療システムが対処できるようにするのに役立ちます。
ひじに手を洗って咳をすることで、あなた自身や他の人のリスクを減らすことができます。
しかし、彼らだけでは、このパンデミックを消すのに十分ではありません。違いを生むのは組み合わせです。
私が言い続けているように、すべての国は包括的なアプローチをとらなければなりません。
しかし、感染を防ぎ、命を救う最も効果的な方法は、感染の連鎖を断ち切ることです。そして、それを行うには、テストして分離する必要があります。
目隠しされた火と戦うことはできません。そして、誰が感染しているかわからなければ、このパンデミックを止めることはできません。
テスト、テスト、テスト:すべての国に簡単なメッセージがあります。
検査結果が陽性の場合、それらを隔離し、症状が発現する2日前までに密接に接触していた人を見つけ、それらの人も検査します。[注:WHOは、COVID-19の症状を示す場合にのみ、確認されたケースの連絡先をテストすることを推奨しています]
毎日、世界的な需要を満たすために、より多くのテストが作成されています。
WHOは120か国にほぼ150万のテストを出荷しています。私たちは企業と協力して、最も困っている人のためにテストの可用性を高めています。
WHOは、感染を予防し、適切なケアを提供するために、確認されたすべての症例は、軽度の症例であっても、医療施設で隔離されるべきだと助言しています。
しかし、多くの国がすでに専用の医療施設で軽度の症例をケアする能力を超えていることを認識しています。
そのような状況では、国々は高齢の患者と基礎疾患のある患者を優先すべきです。
いくつかの国では、スタジアムとジムを使用して軽度の症例をケアし、重症で重大な症例を病院でケアすることで能力を拡大しています。
別の選択肢は、軽度の病気の患者を自宅で隔離して世話をすることです。
感染した人を自宅でケアすることは、他の人を同じ家庭に危険にさらす可能性があります。そのため、できる限り安全にケアを提供する方法について、介護者がWHOのガイダンスに従うことが重要です。
たとえば、患者と介護者の両方が同じ部屋にいるときは、医療用マスクを着用する必要があります。
患者は、他の人とは別の寝室で寝て、別の浴室を使用する必要があります。
一人の患者、理想的には健康で基礎疾患のない人をケアする人を割り当てます。
介護者は、患者またはその身近な環境に触れた後、手を洗う必要があります。
COVID-19に感染した人は、気分が悪くなった後でも他の人に感染する可能性があるため、これらの対策は症状が消えてから少なくとも2週間は継続する必要があります。
===
繰り返しますが、重要なメッセージは、テスト、テスト、テストです。
これは深刻な病気です。私たちが持っている証拠は、60歳以上の人が最も危険にさらされていることを示唆していますが、子供を含む若者は死にました。
WHOは、子供、高齢者、妊婦のケア方法に関する具体的な詳細を含む新しい臨床ガイダンスを発行しました。
これまでのところ、先進的な医療システムを備えた国で流行が見られました。しかし、彼らも対処するのに苦労しています。
ウイルスが低所得国に移動するにつれて、HIV感染率の高い人口や栄養失調の子供たちにウイルスが与える影響について深く懸念しています。
だからこそ、私たちはすべての国とすべての人に、感染を止めるためにできる限りのことをするよう呼びかけています。
手を洗うことは、感染のリスクを減らすのに役立ちます。しかし、それは連帯の行為でもあります。なぜなら、あなたのコミュニティや世界中の人々に感染するリスクを減らすからです。自分のために、他の人のために。
また、医薬品などの不可欠なアイテムを買いだめすることを控えることにより、連帯を表現するよう人々に求めます。
買いだめは薬や他の必須製品の不足を引き起こし、苦痛を悪化させる可能性があります。
COVID-19連帯対応基金に貢献したすべての人に感謝します。
金曜日にローンチして以来、110,000人を超える人々が約1,900万米ドルを寄付しました。
これらの資金は、診断テスト、医療従事者向けの消耗品の購入、研究開発の支援に役立ちます。
貢献したい場合は、who.intにアクセスして、ページ上部のオレンジ色の「寄付」ボタンをクリックしてください。
また、社会のさまざまな部門が集まっていることにも感謝しています。
これはSafeHands Challengeから始まりました。このチャレンジは、有名人、世界のリーダー、そしてあらゆる場所で手を洗う方法を示す人々を魅了しました。
今日の午後、WHOと国際商工会議所は、グローバルなビジネスコミュニティに共同で行動を呼びかけました。ICCは、従業員、顧客、地域社会を保護し、不可欠な物資の生産と流通をサポートするために、4500万を超える企業のネットワークに定期的なアドバイスを送信します。
ポールポルマン、アジャイバンガ、ジョンデントンのサポートとコラボレーションに感謝します。
また、WHOはGlobal Citizenと協力して、世界中の主要なミュージシャンとの一連のバーチャルコンサートであるSolidarity Sessionsを立ち上げています。
===
今後数日、数週間、数か月は、私たちの決意のテスト、科学への信頼のテスト、そして連帯のテストになります。
このような危機は、人類に最高と最悪をもたらす傾向があります。
私と同じように、バルコニーから医療従事者を称賛する人々のビデオや、地域の高齢者のために食料品の買い物をすることを申し出ている人々の物語に感動したと確信しています。
人間の連帯というこの驚くべき精神は、ウイルス自体よりもさらに感染力を高めなければなりません。しばらくは物理的に離れていなければならないかもしれませんが、これまでにない方法で一緒に集まることができます。
私たちは皆一緒にいます。そして、私たちは一緒にしか成功できません。
ありがとうございました。
WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 16 March 2020
16 March 2020
In the past week, we have seen a rapid escalation of cases of COVID-19.
More cases and deaths have now been reported in the rest of the world than in China.
We have also seen a rapid escalation in social distancing measures, like closing schools and cancelling sporting events and other gatherings.
But we have not seen an urgent enough escalation in testing, isolation and contact tracing – which is the backbone of the response.
Social distancing measures can help to reduce transmission and enable health systems to cope.
Handwashing and coughing into your elbow can reduce the risk for yourself and others.
But on their own, they are not enough to extinguish this pandemic. It’s the combination that makes the difference.
As I keep saying, all countries must take a comprehensive approach.
But the most effective way to prevent infections and save lives is breaking the chains of transmission. And to do that, you must test and isolate.
You cannot fight a fire blindfolded. And we cannot stop this pandemic if we don’t know who is infected.
We have a simple message for all countries: test, test, test.
If they test positive, isolate them and find out who they have been in close contact with up to 2 days before they developed symptoms, and test those people too. [NOTE: WHO recommends testing contacts of confirmed cases only if they show symptoms of COVID-19]
Every day, more tests are being produced to meet the global demand.
WHO has shipped almost 1.5 million tests to 120 countries. We’re working with companies to increase the availability of tests for those most in need.
WHO advises that all confirmed cases, even mild cases, should be isolated in health facilities, to prevent transmission and provide adequate care.
But we recognize that many countries have already exceeded their capacity to care for mild cases in dedicated health facilities.
In that situation, countries should prioritize older patients and those with underlying conditions.
Some countries have expanded their capacity by using stadiums and gyms to care for mild cases, with severe and critical cases cared for in hospitals.
Another option is for patients with mild disease to be isolated and cared for at home.
Caring for infected people at home may put others in the same household at risk, so it’s critical that care-givers follow WHO’s guidance on how to provide care as safely as possible.
For example, both the patient and their care-giver should wear a medical mask when they are together in the same room.
The patient should sleep in a separate bedroom to others and use a different bathroom.
Assign one person to care for the patient, ideally someone who is in good health and has no underlying conditions.
The care-giver should wash their hands after any contact with the patient or their immediate environment.
People infected with COVID-19 can still infect others after they stop feeling sick, so these measures should continue for at least two weeks after symptoms disappear.
Visitors should not be allowed until the end of this period.
There are more details in WHO’s guidance.
===
Once again, our key message is: test, test, test.
This is a serious disease. Although the evidence we have suggests that those over 60 are at highest risk, young people, including children, have died.
WHO has issued new clinical guidance, with specific details on how to care for children, older people and pregnant women.
So far, we have seen epidemics in countries with advanced health systems. But even they have struggled to cope.
As the virus moves to low-income countries, we're deeply concerned about the impact it could have among populations with high HIV prevalence, or among malnourished children.
That’s why we’re calling on every country and every individual to do everything they can to stop transmission.
Washing your hands will help to reduce your risk of infection. But it’s also an act of solidarity because it reduces the risk you will infect others in your community and around the world. Do it for yourself, do it for others.
We also ask people to express their solidarity by refraining from hoarding essential items, including medicines.
Hoarding can create shortages of medicines and other essential products, which can exacerbate suffering.
We’re grateful to everyone who has contributed to the COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund.
Since we launched it on Friday, more than 110,000 people have contributed almost 19 million U.S. dollars.
These funds will help to buy diagnostic tests, supplies for health workers and support research and development.
If you would like to contribute, please go to who.int and click on the orange “Donate” button at the top of the page.
We’re also grateful for the way different sectors of society are coming together.
This started with the SafeHands Challenge, which has attracted celebrities, world leaders and people everywhere demonstrating how to wash their hands.
This afternoon WHO and the International Chamber of Commerce issued a joint call to action to the global business community. The ICC will send regular advice to its network of more than 45 million businesses, to protect their workers, customers and local communities, and to support the production and distribution of essential supplies.
I’d like to thank Paul Polman, Ajay Banga and John Denton for their support and collaboration.
WHO is also working with Global Citizen to launch the Solidarity Sessions, a series of virtual concerts with leading musicians from around the world.
===
This is the defining global health crisis of our time.
The days, weeks and months ahead will be a test of our resolve, a test of our trust in science, and a test of solidarity.
Crises like this tend to bring out the best and worst in humanity.
Like me, I’m sure you have been touched by the videos of people applauding health workers from their balconies, or the stories of people offering to do grocery shopping for older people in their community.
This amazing spirit of human solidarity must become even more infectious than the virus itself. Although we may have to be physically apart from each other for a while, we can come together in ways we never have before.
We’re all in this together. And we can only succeed together.
So the rule of the game is: together.
Thank you.
テレビやネットでよく言っている、韓国は新型コロナの検査を1日〇〇件やっているという話は正しくない。
韓国の疾病管理予防センター(KCDC)は、素晴らしいことに毎日の検査データを報告している(https://www.cdc.go.kr/board/board.es?mid=a30402000000&bid=0030)ので確かめることができる。
データを見れば、いわゆる「韓国の検査数」は「検査対象の数」であり、検査された数(PCRの判定数)はそれよりずっと少ないことがわかる。つまり、検査対象の増加に検査が追い付いていない。
実際に、最新の2/26のデータ(https://www.cdc.go.kr/board/board.es?mid=a30402000000&bid=0030&act=view&list_no=366350&tag=&nPage=1)を見てみよう。
Feb26(2/26)のデータ「46,127」は検査対象人数の累計でありPCR検査された数ではない。PCR検査された数はconfirmed caseのsub total(検査で陽性となった数)とtested negativeの(検査で陰性となった数)の計なので29393と分かる。そして「being tested」(検査中)は16,734なので、検査対象の1/3くらいはまだ検査されていない。
では1日の検査数はどれくらいか?というと、検査で陽性となった数の増加数(difference)と検査で陰性となった数の増加数で分かるので、2/25-2/26は5950検査されている。そして同日の検査対象数の増加は9411である。
同じようにここ数日のデータを見ると、
2/22-23 検査数2454、検査対象増加3012、検査中6039
2/23-24 検査数3296、検査対象増加5982、検査中8725
2/24-25 検査数3553、検査対象増加8101、検査中13273
2/25-26 検査数5950、検査対象増加9411、検査中16734
となっている。検査数は逐次増強されているが、それ以上に検査対象数が増えて、検査の積み残しが膨れていっている。既にパンクしている状態である。
AR技術を使った「ポケモンGO」では、ポケモンに近づくことはできない。しかしMRならカメラやセンサーを駆使することで、それぞれの位置情報などを細かく算出し、たとえばキャラクターの後ろ側に回り込んだり、近づいて自由な角度から見たり、目の前の空間にさまざまな情報を3Dで表示させ、そこにタッチし入力もできるようになる。現実世界と仮想世界をより密接に融合させ、バーチャルな世界をよりリアルに感じることができるのがMR(Mixed Reality)というわけだ。
もとから「後ろに回り込む」「自由な角度から見る」「タッチして入力する」などもARに含まれるのでは…?
ARはスマートフォンやタブレット端末などの機器を使って、CGを現実世界に映し出すことができる技術です。
(中略)
MRは専用のゴーグルを装着して、CGを現実世界に映し出すことができる技術です。
ttps://flets-w.com/user/point-otoku/knowledge/other/otherl42.html
MRとは「Mixed Reality」の略で、日本語では「複合現実」と訳されます。仮想世界を現実世界に重ね合わせて体験できる技術です。MRの場合、ARとは逆で、主体は仮想世界(デジタル空間)となります。現実世界の情報を、カメラなどを通して仮想世界に反映させることができるのです。仮想世界に現実世界の情報を固定できるため、同じMR空間にいる複数の人間が、同時にその情報を得たり、同じ体験をしたりすることができます。
「拡張仮想感」的な解釈? → オーグメンテッドバーチャル - Wikipedia
では、経験の浅い重量機械工が、巨大なトラクターにすっぽりはまり、機械の問題で完全に途方にくれているところを想像してください。作業員たちは仕事ができず、何もせず座っています。現場監督たちは心配になっています。
ありがたいことに、機械工のスマート グラスは、仮想のヘルプ セッションを始めることができます。このセッションのおかげで、機械工は実際のトラクターの近くに VR で先輩機械工を呼び寄せ、一緒にトラブルシューティングをしながら、実際のマシン上での作業ができます。作業には AR によって、トルクの設計書などの詳細なメンテナンスに関するオンライン マニュアルにアクセスが可能です。
ttps://blogs.nvidia.co.jp/2018/06/05/whats-the-difference-between-vr-ar-and-mr-2/
例示しかないので分かりづらいけど「VRとARを組み合わせたサービス」という意味?
誰も彼もぜんぜん違うことを言っています。
まず、田村氏がVRとMRの違いを解説。VRではコンピューター内に仮想世界を作り、何らかのアクションを起した結果、すなわち音や映像が、人間の通常感覚の許容範囲内で、リアルタイムに返ってくるようにしなくてはならない。しかし、これまでのVRでは映画などのように、仮想空間を制作した側が見せたいものを一方的に見せるだけだった。そうではなく、現実から仮想世界への働き掛けを可能にするもの、それがMRである。もともとはトロント大学のポール・ミルグラム氏の発案だという。
現実世界(リアルワールド)と仮想空間(サイバースペース)のうち、現実世界を基本として、これを電子データで補強することをAugmented Reality(AR)という。逆に仮想空間を基礎として、実世界のデータで補強するという考え方をAugmented Virtuality(AV)という。この両方を加えたものが、MR研が目指す“現実世界と仮想世界を継ぎ目なく融合する”MR技術なのである。
というのが当初の定義だったようです。
うーん、個人的な印象だと戦犯はMicrosoft Hololensで、
一応もう少し説明すると、膝の裏に日光(というか強い光)を浴びせると体内時計がリセットされる、という論文が結構前に出たらしい。論文の主張はともかく、朝に膝の裏に30分ほど(時間としては十分すぎるほど長いと思われる)当てるようにしてみたその日から、僕は夜に眠れるようになった。冗談のような話だ。
その論文は Science の Extraocular circadian phototransduction in human (1998) でしょうか?
これに対して、同じ雑誌の Absence of circadian phase resetting in response to bright light behind the knees (2002) では、目隠しをすれば膝の裏に日光を当てても有意な違いはなかったとあります。
In contrast to ocular light exposure, which significantly delayed melatonin phase and acutely suppressed melatonin secretion compared with controls, there was no significant difference for melatonin phase changes between subjects exposed to light behind the knee compared with controls and no acute melatonin suppression during the intervention (Fig. 1).
膝の裏に日光を当てる有効性を示す論文はありますが、日光の当たる場所にいけば十分かもしれません。
だとすると膝の裏とか関係なく、目から光が入るかどうかな気がするけど
膝の裏に目隠しをするという検証もしたんだろうか
2002年の論文では、目を隠してひざの裏も隠す (dark DK)、目を隠してひざの裏に日光 (behind the knees BK)、目を隠さずひざの裏を隠す (bare eyes BE) の3条件で実験しています。
0 lux ocular and behind the knee (DK), 0 lux ocular and up to 13,000 lux behind the knee (BK), and 9,500 lux ocular and 0 lux behind the knee (BE).
そして DK と BK に有意な違いがなく、BE と DK は有意に違うと実験結果を説明しています。
Melatonin data for conditions DK and BK were superimposable during the intervention time (solid bar) for the intervention night and the previous night. BE significantly delayed melatonin phase and acutely suppressed melatonin secretion compared with DK controls (P = 0.003272) and (P = 0.000020), respectively. In contrast, there was no significant difference for melatonin phase changes between BK and DK and no acute melatonin suppression during the intervention in either of these conditions (P = 0.943071) and (P = 1.000000), respectively. Significant differences for phase shifts and melatonin suppression were also observed between BE and BK (P = 0.011359) and (P = 0.000016), respectively.
unmin7 膝の裏に日を当てられる状態ってあまり身体を締め付けない服でなおかつ寝転がってないと無理だろ、当然ある程度リラックスするわな。そこにお天道様がポカポカしてきたら流石にちったあ眠くなるだろ。
sds-page 膝の上に猫がいればよく眠れる気がする!
引用した部分にあるように、朝に日光を当てると体内時計が調整される(睡眠に向かわせるメラトニンが急激に減少する)かが対象です。日光を当てれば目が覚めて体内時計が調整されるのが主旨なので、膝の裏を温めると眠くなるのとは逆です。